The correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller: Biographical register

Biographical register

1

Last updated 22 February 2024e

The biographical register provides short accounts of the lives of individuals mentioned in this edition of Ferdinand von Mueller’s correspondence. It comprises newly written entries merged with an amalgamation of the entries included in the appendices to the three volumes of Home et al. (1998-2006). These earlier entries are being revised and corrected as biographical information has become more readily available since they were prepared. The head words in the new and revised entries are set out as in this example:

ABBAY, Richard (1844-1924). Clergyman.

Entries from Home et al. follow the styles used in those volumes, for example:

FORSTER, Johann Reinhold, 1729-98, German polymath.

Names of correspondents are being added in tranches as they are completed; they are sorted into alphabetical order within the whole file. Priority is being given to entries for Mueller’s correspondents. The date of the most recent update is given in the note.

In the revised entries hypertext links, if available, are provided where a major source is used. For newspapers, especially, the link may be to a section of a page that contains other material as well as the item concerned. Neither the editors nor the Royal Botanic Gardens are responsible for the stability of such links. Preference has been given to sites using persistent links, such as doi, permalink, or handle URLs, and to links not behind a paywall, although if access is not available elsewhere links to sites commonly available through institutional or personal subscription are provided, for example to JSTOR and ProQuest. Links to the HathiTrust Digital Library are provided only if at the time of linking the item is available without geographical restriction. In a small number of cases, links have been provided to publicly available versions placed by authors in depositories; such links are provided on the understanding that authors have deposited items within the copyright or contractual arrangements they have with their publishers. If evidence of inappropriate deposit is found, these links will be removed.

In the revised text recipients of letters from Mueller or authors of those to him for whom basic biographical information has not been found are included, with a note to the period when they were known to be active. Entries are not provided, however, for other individuals mentioned in fewer than three letters for whom no further information could be found. These are mostly persons known only from lists of donors of living material or herbarium specimens, or recipients of such exchanges, that are published in Mueller’s reports to Government. Letters where people mentioned have not been identified normally have a note ‘not further identified’. Individuals mentioned in three or more letters for whom incomplete data are available are entered in the directory, with an indication of when they were active.

Where Mueller named plants after a person mentioned in the letters, the names originally given are in italics following the entry. If the current name is different synonyms are not provided but can be found in APNI under the entry for the name Mueller gave.

Abbreviations in revised entries:

Abbreviations for source publications are included in the Editors’ citations file, as abbreviation and as expansion, for example: AMPI cross referred to Australian Medical Pioneers Index.

ADC: Aide-de-Camp.

ALS: Associate of the Linnean Society of London.

BA: Bachelor of Arts.

Blue Books: lists of public servants, issued under a variety of titles. For Victoria see New Parliamentary Papers Database .

CB: Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath.

ChB: Bachelor of Surgery.

ChM: Master of Surgery.

CIE: Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire.

CMG: Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George.

CMZSL: Corresponding Member Zoological Society of London.

DCL: Doctor of Civil Law.

DD: Doctor of Divinity.

DrMed: Doctor of Medicine.

DrPhil: Doctor of Philosophy.

DSc: Doctor of Science.

FGS: Fellow of the Geological Society of London.

FLS: Fellow of the Linnean Society of London.

FRCP: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

FRCS: Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

FRGS: Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

FRS: Fellow of the Royal Society of London.

FRSE: Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

FZSL: Fellow of the Zoological Society of London.

GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath.

GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George.

JP: Justice of the Peace.

K: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.

KBE: Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.

KCB: Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath.

KCIE: Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire.

KCMG: Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George.

KH: Knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order.

LLB: Bachelor of Laws.

LRCP: Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.

LRCSE: Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh).

LSA: Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries.

M: Ferdinand von Mueller, used in references to letters in the collected correspondence.

MA: Master of Arts.

MB: Bachelor of Medicine.

MD: Doctor of Medicine.

MEL: Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

MLA: Member of the Legislative Assembly.

MLC: Member of the Legislative Council.

MRCP: Member of the Royal College of Physicians.

MRCS: Member of the Royal College of Surgeons

MRCSE: Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh.

NSW: New South Wales.

NT: Northern Territory [of South Australia]

NZ: New Zealand.

Qld: Queensland.

RHS: Royal Horticultural Society.

SA: South Australia.

Tas: Tasmania.

UK: United Kingdom.

USA: United states of America.

WA: Western Australia

A’BECKETT, Edward Fitzhayley (1836-1922). University administrator. Born London, England; to NSW as infant; to Melbourne, 1846. Admitted to Bar, Lincoln’s Inn, London, 1859. Registrar, University of Melbourne, 1864-1902. Cousin of Thomas Turner A’Beckett. [Gibbney & Smith]

A’BECKETT, Thomas Turner (1808-1892). Lawyer and politician. Born London; studied law at Lincoln’s Inn; to Victoria 1850. Practised as solicitor. Non-official nominee Legislative Council, 1852-6; elected member, 1858-78, active in law reform; Minister without portfolio, 1860-1; Commissioner for Trade and Customs, 1870-1. Active in Horticultural Society. Registrar of Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, 1854-87. Cousin of Edward Fitzhayley A’Beckett. [ ADB ]

ABBAY, Richard (1844-1924). Clergyman. Born Yorkshire, England. Rector Earl Soham, Suffolk, 1890-1912; visited Australia 1876. [ Abbay (1877); Desmond]

ABBOT, Samuel Leonard (1818-1904). Physician, editor. Born Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; MD Harvard, connected to Massachusetts General Hospital. Ornithological interests, secretary Boston Society of Natural History. Long-term associate editor, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. [ Lane (1925)]

ABBOTT, Francis (1834-1903). Gardener. Born in Manchester, England; to Tasmania 1850 with mother and siblings to join transported convict father. Gardener, Hobart Botanic Garden, 1851-9; superintendent, 1859-1903 [ ADB , in entry for Francis Abbott (1799-1883)]. Abbottia.

ABBOTT, Gertrude [Mary Jane O’BRIEN] (1846-1934). Founder of hospital for women. Born NSW; to SA in 1848. Entered Order of St Joseph 1868, as Sister Ignatius, but left Order four months after taking final vows and returned to Sydney. Became known as Mrs Gertrude ‘Mother’ Abbott; inherited estate of Julian Tenison-Woods; founded St Margaret’s Maternity Home, 1893, and ran it until c.1926. [ ADB ]

ABEL, August Theodor (1802-1882). Mineralogist and analytic chemist. Born Mecklenburg, Germany; apprenticed and worked as assistant pharmacist, Ludwigslust; studied but did not qualify in Berlin; trader in minerals and mineral drugs, Hamburg. To Australia 1857, settled in Ballarat as mineral dealer and analyst. Uncle of Frederick Augustus Abel. [ McMullen (1998)]

ABEL, Frederick Augustus (1827-1902). Chemist. Born Woolwich, England; studied at Royal College of Chemistry. Lecturer in Chemistry, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from 1852; explosives expert, co-inventor of cordite. FRS 1860, Royal Medallist 1887; created Baronet 1893. Nephew of August Theodore Abel. [ ODNB ]

ABERDARE, first Baron. See Henry Austin BRUCE.

ACHARIUS, Erik (1757-1819). Lichenologist, physician. Born at Gävle, Sweden. DrPhil, 1776; DrMed, 1782; member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm (Kongliga svenska vetenskaps Akademien) from 1796; honorary professor, 1803. [ TL2 ].

ACHESON, Frederick (f.1854-1864). Civil engineer. In Victoria from at least 1854, when filed first patent granted in the Colony; active member of Philosophical Institute of Victoria and the later Royal Society of Victoria. Departed Victoria 1864; thought to have later lived in Ireland, in Dublin area. [Australian newspapers, various issues]

ACTON, Guglielmo (1825-1896). Naval officer and politician. Born near Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (now Italy), entered navy 1841. After Italian unification, Secretary General of the Italian Naval Ministry 1866-7, Rear Admiral 1868; Vice-Admiral 1879, Chief of the Naval Staff; retired 1888. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

ADAMS, Dudley (fl. 1879). Described as ‘Dr.’, ‘of Sydney’, but ‘Dudley Adams’ has not been found in the NSW medical register for 1879 (NSW Government Gazette, 11 December 1879, pp. 5473-84) and has not been further identified.

ADAMS, John Crouch (1819-1892). Astronomer. Born Laneast, Cornwall, England; educated St John’s College Cambridge, BA 1843. Lowndean Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge, 1858; Director Cambridge Observatory, 1861. FRS 1849; Copley Medal 1848. [ Royal Society record of Fellows ]

ADAMSON, Frederick Maitland (c.1816-1860). Merchant. Born Glasgow, studied botany with William Hooker; friend of Joseph Hooker. To Victoria c.1852, in business as partner in general commission business 1853, dissolved 1856; apparently destitute by 1858 (M to J. Hooker, 15 January 1858). Collected for William Hooker. [Desmond, Vic death certificate 668/1860]

ADAMSON, William (1822-1875). Nurseryman, seedsman. Born Scotland; to Victoria 1852. Partner in Smith, Adamson & Co., 1852-5; ran nursery at South Yarra from 1856; objected to distribution of plants from the Botanic Garden, 1862 (see notes to M to J. O’Shanassy, 14 May 1862). [Aitken & Looker (2002)]

ADANSON, Michel (1727-1806). Botanist and explorer. Born Aix-en-Provence, France; educated at Collège Royal and Jardin du Roi, Paris. Scientific expedition to Senegal, 1749-53; elected to Académie Royale des Sciences, Paris, 1759; early advocate of a natural system of classification (Adanson (1763-64). [DSB]

ADCOCK, Thomas (1819-1900). Nurseryman. Born England. To Victoria 1849, established Kardinia Nursery near Geelong. [Aitken & Looker (2002)]

ADELSKÖLD, Claes Adolf (1824-1907). Civil engineer, politician. Born Nolhaga, Sweden; educated at Gothenburg. Military officer in Civil Engineering Corps; involved in canal and early railway projects in Sweden; member of Parliament, 1875-93. Elected to Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1870; President from 1891. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ; Nordisk familjebok ]

AGARDH, Carl Adolf (1785-1859). Botanist and theologian. Born Båstad, Sweden; DrPhil Lund, 1805; docent in mathematics 1807, demonstrator in botany 1810, adjunct in applied economy 1811, professor of botany and applied economy 1812. Specialist on algae. Ordained 1816, Bishop of Karlstads, 1837; DrTheol, 1845. Father of Jacob Georg Agardh. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

AGARDH, Jacob Georg (1813-1901). Botanist. Born Lund, Sweden; DrPhil Lund, 1832; lecturer and later professor of botany, Lund University, 1834-79; specialist on algae. Elected to Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1849; FLS 1867; elected to Institut de France, 1885. Son of Carl Adolf Agardh. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

AGASSIZ, Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe (1835-1910). Ichthyologist, mining engineer. Born Neuchâtel, Switzerland. To USA, 1849; graduated Harvard, 1857; United States Coastal Survey. Investor in, and sometime engineer at, Calumet copper mine. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1862; Foreign Member, Royal Society of London, 1891. Son of Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz. [ Walcott (1912)]

AGASSIZ, Jean Louis Rodolphe (1807-1873). Biologist and geologist. Born Môtier, Switzerland; PhD Erlangen, MD Munich; professor of natural history, Neuchâtel, 1832. Professor of zoology and geology, Harvard University, USA, 1847; founded Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1859; Foreign Member, Royal Society of London, 1838; Copley Medal 1861. Father of Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe Agassiz. [ Oxford Companion to the Earth ]

AGG, Edward James (c.1832-1916). Civil service clerk, publican. Born Ireland. To Victoria 1851; joined Public Service 1852; Accountant, Lands and Survey Department, 1859; promoted 1867; dismissed 1881 on being arrested for forging and uttering a payment warrant; sentenced 2½ years imprisonment; publican. Brother of Thomas Mosely Agg. [various issues, Australian newspapers and Victoria Government Gazette].

AGG, Thomas Mosely (c.1825-1873). Clerk. Born Evesham, England; to Victoria c.1854; Clerk, Lands Office. Brother of Edward James Agg. [Victorian death certificate, 3515/1873]

AGNEW, James Wilson (1815-1901). Medical practitioner, politician. Born Ballyclare, Ireland; studied medicine at London (MRC, 1838), Paris and Glasgow (MD, 1839). Arrived in Sydney 1840, went into practice; to Tasmania, assistant surgeon, later colonial surgeon, 1841-53; private practice, 1853-77. Secretary, Royal Society of Tasmania, 1861-81, 1884-94; Member Legislative Council, 1877-81, 1884-7; Premier, 1886-7. KCMG, 1895. [ ADB ]

AHERN, John (1838-1893). Policeman. Born Donoughmore, Ireland. Arrived Qld 1864 as assisted migrant; joined Qld police force, 1864; spent many years posted in Blackall district, promoted to Inspector; at Charleville, and finally Colony-wide responsibilities. [ Morning bulletin (Rockhampton), 29 September 1893, p. 6]

AILLAND, Joseph (c.1850-); f.1890s. Merchant sailor. Purser on vessels of Messageries Maritimes line on the Australian route, 1890s; took care of collections that Mueller sent to France. [‘The M. M. Australien’, Age (Melbourne), 5 August 1895, p. 4; crew details in NSW Unassisted immigrant passenger lists]

AIRY, George Biddell ((1801-1892). Born Alnwick, England; educated Trinity College Cambridge, BA 1823. Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge, 1826; Plumian Professor of Astronomy and director of Cambridge Observatory, 1828; Astronomer Royal, 1835-81. FRS 1836, President 1872-3. [ ODNB ]

AITCHISON, James Edward Tierney (1836-1898). Physician and botanist. Of Scottish parentage, born Nimach, India. MD, LRCP, Edinburgh, 1856. Assistant surgeon, Bengal Medical Service, 1858, later brigade surgeon until 1888; collected plants in India, 1861-72, in Ireland, 1867-9, in Afghanistan, 1879-85. FLS 1863; FRSE 1881; FRS 1883. [Desmond]

AITKIN, James William Manifold (1835-1905). Storekeeper, farmer, local politician. Born Campbell Town, Tas; in Warrnambool, Vic, by 1852. Storekeeper, farmed ‘Carrakoorte’, c.15 km north of Warrnambool, from c.1887. Chairman of municipality of Warrnambool; first Mayor when became a borough, 1863. [‘About people’, Age (Melbourne), 30 March 1905, p. 6]

AITON, William (1731-1793). Horticulturalist. Born Boghall, Scotland; trained as gardener on Scottish estate. Assistant to Philip Miller, Chelsea Physic Garden, 1755; manager of physic garden of Augusta, dowager Princess of Wales, Kew, 1759, superintendent of whole estate from 1783; worked closely with Joseph Banks in introducing plant species to Britain. Father of William Townsend Aiton. [ ODNB ]

AITON, William Townsend (1766-1849). Horticulturalist. Born Kew, England; succeeded his father at Kew, later taking control of landscaping other Royal grounds at Richmond, Kensington, St James’s, Windsor; lost control of Kew to William Jackson Hooker, 1841 after critical report by John Lindley and transfer of Kew Gardens to the Government. FLS 1797; a founder of the Horticultural Society. Eldest son of William Aiton. [ ODNB ]

AKED, John (1817-1899). Veterinary surgeon. Born Lancashire, England. Graduated University of Edinburgh, 1844; Member, Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons; Fellow, Edinburgh Veterinary Medical Association; Member, London Veterinary Medical Society. Arrived Victoria, 1865; in practice at Smeaton and other towns, finally at Bendigo; first Chairman, Veterinary Board of Victoria, 1888. [Bendigo advertiser, various issues; Victoria Government gazette, 25 May 1888, p. 1548; Vic death certificate 8473/1889]

ALBERT [Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha] (1819-1861). Prince consort. Born near Coburg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; married Victoria, Queen of England &c, 1840. [ ODNB ]

ALDERSEY, Mary Ann (1825-1906). Teacher, school proprietor. Born England; migrated with parents and siblings to SA, 1849; ran Maclaren Vale (SA) school ‘Tsong Gyiaou’ with her sister. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

ALDIS, William Henry (1804-1872). Tobacco merchant. Born New Buckenham, England. Printer, convicted of theft, 1826; transported, 1827; ticket of leave, 1831; tobacco merchant by 1846; insolvent 1867. [Convict records; various Australian newspapers]

ALEXANDER II [Алекса ́ ндр II] (1818-1881). Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. Born Moscow, Russia; reigned 1855 until assassinated 1881. [ Britannica , accessed 2 May 2021]

ALEXANDER, John Abercromby (1854-1931). Forester. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; studied University of Edinburgh. Possibly in Ceylon (planter?) before became forester in Colonial Service, Ceylon: North Central Province, Forester 1886-88; Central and Southern Provinces, 1889-93; lived in India 1896-98. Address in England by 1901; Director of Agriculture and Arboriculture, Companhia de Mocambique midi1900s. Life member Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society 1883; FRGS 1907. [Transactions of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society, various issues; Cambridge Univerity Library, notes to Photograph collection of John Abercromby Alexander (Y303E) (accessed 30 July 2022); see Alexander (1906)).]

ALEXANDER, William Thomas (1818-1872). Surgeon. Born Cork, Ireland. Royal Navy surgeon HMS Plover, East Indies and China; collected ferns and mosses on Chinese coast. [Desmond]

ALEXANDRA [Princess Alexandra of Denmark] (1844-1925). Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland &c. Born Copenhagen, Denmark; married Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 1863; Queen, 1901-10. [ ODNB ] Ptychosperma alexandrae.

Alexandrine Luise Amalie Friederike Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1820-1904). Born Baden, married heir (reigned as Ernst II) of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1842, Duchess 1844-1893. Sister-in-law of Queen Victoria. [ Deutsche Biographie , entry for Ernst II]

ALFRED [Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh] (1844-1900). Naval officer. Born Windsor, England; second son of Queen Victoria. Joined Royal Navy 1858, promoted Captain 1866; created Duke of Edinburgh 1866; commissioned Galatea, 1867, and undertook world tour; shot and wounded in Sydney 1868; rose to Admiral of the Fleet, 1893. Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1893. [ ODNB ] Livistona alfredi.

ALICE, [Princess Alice of Hesse] (1843-1878). Born London, England. Third child of Queen Victoria; married Louis of Hesse, 1862; Grand Duchess of Hesse from 1877. [ ODNB ] Areca alicae.

ALKIN, Thomas Verrier (1839-1921). Anglican clergyman. Born East Bergholt, England; BA Cambridge, 1865; MA, 1873. Ordained deacon 1868; to Qld where ordained priest 1869; served in various towns as vicar; Rector of Campbelltown, NSW, 1876-1904, Kiama 1904-11; Rural Dean Wollongong, 1907-12; advocate of botanical education. [Gibbney & Smith; Alumni cantabrigienses , part 2, vol. 1, p. 32]

ALLAN, Alexander Charles (1831-1901). Surveyor. Born Banffshire, Scotland. Arrived Victoria 1852; worked in Victorian Public Service on railway surveys, geodetic survey, NSW-Vic boundary survey; later in private practice. [ Argus (Melbourne), 18 July 1901, p. 5]

ALLAN, Henry John (1812-1888). Teacher and farmer. British, born Jamaica. Arrived Tasmania c.1832; taught school until c.1852, then farmed at Huon Island. [ Tasmanian news (Hobart). 30 July 1888, p. 2]

ALLAN, John McMahon (1808-1877). Inspector of Stock. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; arrived NSW, 1813. With brother, selected land near Warrnambool, Vic, c.1841; leader of exploring expeditions, Cape Otway district, 1862, 1863; to Gippsland c.1863; inspector of sheep from at least 1865. [Gippsland times (Sale), 24 January 1877, p. 3; various issues of other newspapers and Victoria Government Gazette]

ALLANBY, Christopher Gibson (1836-1917). Anglican priest. Born Port Sorrel, Tasmania. Ordained deacon, 1862; ordained priest, 1864, Melbourne; curate, St Paul’s Ballarat, 1864; Archdeacon for the Wimmera from 1884, for Loddon from c.1893; to England 1914. [Ballarat star, 12 February 1914, p. 6; Ballarat courier, 14 March 1917, p. 5]

ALLEN, Alfredo, Visconde (1828-1907). Wine grower and merchant. Born Portugal. Active in agricultural and horticultural affairs; honorary president, Portuguese anti-phylloxera commission; commissioner to Vienna (1874), Berlin (1888) and Paris (1889) exhibitions, member of international grand jury for the last of these. An editor of Jornal da Sociedade Agricola do Porto. Created 1st Visconde de Vilar de Allen, 1866; decorations from France and Belgium. [ O Occidente (Lisbon), 30 June 1907, pp. 143-4]

ALLEN, Grace Adelaide (c.1871-1940). Born Mackay, Qld. Provided specimens to Mueller. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

ALLEN, Harry Brookes (1854-1926). Pathologist, medical administrator. Born Geelong, Victoria; MB, 1876; MD, 1878; BS, 1879 (Melbourne). Editor Australian medical journal, 1879-83; professor of descriptive and surgical anatomy and pathology, Melbourne, 1882; Dean of the faculty of medicine, 1886-90, 1896-1924. Knighted 1914. [ ADB ]

ALLEN, William Fessenden (1831-1906). Government official, businessman. Born Bangor, Maine, USA. Arrived Hawaii 1850; Collector General of customs; Privy Councillor under Hawaiian monarchy. Later company director. [ Pacific commercial advertiser (Honolulu), 5 February 1906, p. 1]

ALLEN, William Tucker (1846-1898). Grazier. Born Geelong, Victoria. Grazier at ‘Colantet’, near Camperdown, Vic; station inspector for Union Mortgage and Agency Company. Accompanied Joseph Bradshaw on exploring expeditions in the Kimberley district, WA. [George (2009); Argus (Melbourne), 20 January 1898, p. 1] Corchorus allenii.

ALLEYNE, J. B. (fl. 1858-60) [not definitively identified; listed as a donor to the botanic garden in Mueller’s reports, 1858 and 1860]. Committee Horticultural Society of Victoria. [Argus (Melbourne), 13 May 1858, p. 5]

ALLIONI, Carlo (1728-1804). Physician and botanist. Born Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Italy]; graduated in medicine, 1728. Professor of botany, Turin, 1760; director of Museum, Turin, 1777; elected to many national academies, including FRS (1758), Royal Academy Madrid (1756); founder of what became the Royal Academy of Sciences, Turin. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

ALLISON, Francis (1820-1888). Inspector of sheep. Born Whitby, Yorkshire, England. Arrived Tasmania 1823; joined gold rushes to California, Victoria. Warden of Sorrel, Tasmania; inspector of sheep under the Scab Act 1870. [ Mercury (Hobart), 20 October 1888, p. 2]

ALLITT, William (1828-1893). Gardener and nursery proprietor. Born Co. Kerry, Ireland; from c.1842 with nurserymen Hendersons of St John’s Wood, London. Arrived Portland, Vic, 1853; laid out Portland Botanic Garden, 1858; curator, 1861-6, collected and cultivated local species. Gardener for pastoralist at Tyrendarra, Vic, where he also developed a private nursery c.1873. Supervised the training of William Bull (1828-1902) at Hendersons. [Aitken & Looker (2002)] Leucopogon allittii.

ALLMAN, George James (1812-1898). Botanist, marine zoologist. Born Cork, Ireland. Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland; MD (Dublin, Oxford); Professor of Botany, Dublin, 1844-55; Professor of Natural History, Edinburgh, 1855-70. FRS 1854; FLS, 1872; President Linnean Society of London, 1874-81. [Desmond]

ALLOO, John (c.1828-1889). Interpreter. Born Canton, China. In Ballarat, Vic, in 1850s as boarding-house keeper and restaurateur; in Melbourne in 1860s as merchant and official interpreter; from c.1868 in NZ, official interpreter, Otago Province, to c.1878; boarding-house keeper, Dunedin to c.1880. [Otago daily times, 3 September 1889, p. 1; various Victorian and NZ newspapers]

ALLPORT, Morton (1830-1878). Naturalist and solicitor. Born Aldridge, Staffordshire, England. To Tasmania as an infant; admitted to the Bar, 1852. Active acclimatiser, especially of fish. FLS, FZSL and Belgian societies; Vice-president, Royal Society of Tasmania, 1870-8. [ ADB ]

ALTEN, Friedrich Kurt von (1822-1894). Court official, librarian, museum curator. Born Grossgoltern, Hanover. Joined Court of Duke of Oldenburg 1847; later Oberkammerherr [Lord Chamberlain]; also in charge of the Grand Ducal library and natural history collection. [ Biographisches Handbuch zu Geschichte des Landes O l d e nb u r g , pp. 31-2]

ALTMANN, Ernst (c.1821-1865). Cabinet maker. Born Priedemost, Silesia [now Przedmoście, Głogów, Poland]; arrived Melbourne, 1850, per Prebislav; established business in Richmond. Father of Ernst August Altmann. [Argus (Melbourne), 10 February 1865, p. 5; Naturalization certificate, 1851; Vic death certificate 2296/1865]

ALTMANN, Ernst August (1856-1913). Medallist, general engraver and die sinker. Born Fitzroy, Melbourne; in business in Melbourne from c.1879; prize winner for medals for exhibitions; later to WA, NSW, Qld. Son of Ernst Altmann. [Darragh (2023); Museums Victoria ; various Australian newspapers; Qld death certificate 1913/C/310]

AMADEO I [King of Spain] (1845-1890). Duke of Aosta. Born Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Italy], as Amadeo Fernandino Maria, second son of Vittoria Emmanuele II; invited to be King of Spain, reigned 1870-3, abdicated. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

AMOS, Robert (1832-1905). Contractor. Born Borrowstounness, Scotland. Arrived Victoria, 1852; manager, then partner in Cairns, Wilson & Amos, contractors; partnership dissolved 1868, then to NSW as a railway contractor. [Various Victorian and NSW newspapers]

AMSINCK, Henry (1799-1878). Naval officer, politician. Born London, England; entered Royal Navy 1811, lieutenant 1824, commander 1864. Secretary, British Railway Commission, 1839-41. Arrived Melbourne 1853 as agent for a dock and railway company; mining speculator. Secretary, Board of Visitors, Melbourne Observatory; member Royal Society of Victoria; MLA, 1859-61 [Victoria, Parliament former m e mber database]

ANCA, Francesco [Baron of Mangalavite] (1803-1887). Palaeontologist, palaeoethnologist. Born Palermo, Sicily. Excavated prehistoric Sicilian settlements; fossil mammal discoveries; founder and president, Acclimatisation and Agricultural Society of Sicily. Member of Italian Parliament. [ Parlamento Italiano, Camera die deputati ; various journals] Ancana.

ANDERSON STUART, Thomas Peter (1856-1920). Professor of physiology, medical administrator. Born Dumfries, Scotland; MD Edinburgh, 1882. Foundation professor of anatomy and physiology, University of Sydney from 1882; chairman Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, from 1901. Knighted 1914. [ ADB ]

ANDERSON, [...]. (f.1858-1868). Ship’s captain. Traded between Chatham Islands and Melbourne; Chatham Island house destroyed by tsunami, 1868. [Shipping lists, Victorian newspapers; Grey Ri v er argus (NZ), 1 September 1868, p. 2]

ANDERSON, Andrew (c.1832-1910). Businessman, tanner. Born Scotland. Arrived Victoria 1851, settled in Ballarat, established businesses, including tannery; prominent in public affairs, member of Ballarat Town Council; active in the Ballarat Horticultural Society; President, School of Mines. [ Ballarat star , 10 August 1910, p. 3]

ANDERSON, Caroline [née Davidson] (1837-1921). Born Goalpara, Assam, India; baptised Sydney, 1838. Married William Acland Anderson in Melbourne, 1856; in England by 1901. [Australian newspapers, England Census 1901, 1911]

ANDERSON, Charles Lewis (1827-1910). Physician, naturalist. Born Salem, Virginia, USA; MD 1852, practised in Minnesota, Nevada and from c.1866 California. Assembled botanical collections, especially algae and grasses. Active in public affairs, Santa Cruz, California. [ Jepson (1929)]

ANDERSON, Henry James (1799-1875). Scientist and educator. Born New York City; graduated Columbia University, 1818; from c.1826-c.1850 Professor of mathematics and astronomy, Columbia University. Active in Roman Catholic affairs from 1850. In Australia 1874, observed transit of Venus at Beechworth, Vic; died in India on return journey. [ Catholic encyclopedia , vol. 1, p. 466]

ANDERSON, John (1833-1900). Zoologist and ethnologist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; MD Edinburgh 1862. To India 1865; Superintendent Calcutta Indian Museum, 1865-86, medical officer and naturalist on expeditions in Upper Burma &c. Retired to London, where active in Zoological Society of London. FRS 1879, FLS 1862. Brother of Thomas Anderson (1832-1870). [ ODNB ]

ANDERSON, Joseph (1790-1877). Soldier. Born Keodale, Scotland; joined British Army c.1805; served in Europe, Egypt, West Indies. To NSW 1834, and appointed commandant, Norfolk Island; retired as Lieutenant Colonel to Victoria, c.1841; nominated Member of Legislative Council 1852-6. KH 1838, CB 1844. [ ADB ]

ANDERSON, Mark Lowden (1831-1902). Minister of religion. Born Dumfriesshire, Scotland; studied divinity St Andrews; minister based at Menmuir, mid-1850s until 1875, then at St. Andrews. Active cryptogamic botanist. Hon. DD, St Andrews, 1886. [ St Andrews citizen , 27 December 1902, p. 5]

ANDERSON, Robert Stirling Hore (1821-1883). Solicitor and politician. Born Articlave, Co. Londonderry, Ireland; BA, Trinity College Dublin, 1845; practised as solicitor, Dublin. Arrived Melbourne 1854 and admitted to practice; JP; MLA, 1858-64, Commissioner of Trade and Customs, 1860-3; MLC, 1866-83; Commissioner for Public Works, 1874-5, Commissioner for Trade and Customs, 1875-7; Minister of Justice 1883. [ ADB ]

ANDERSON, Thomas (1819-1874). Physician, organic and agricultural chemist. Born Leith, Scotland; MD Edinburgh, 1841; studied with Berzelius, Liebig. FRSE, 1845; Chemist to the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, 1848; professor of chemistry, Glasgow from 1852; worked on alkaloids, pyridines, and chemistry related to agriculture; made early analysis of Australian ‘Lerp’. [ ODNB ]

ANDERSON, Thomas (1832-1870). Botanist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; MD Edinburgh, 1853. Bengal Medical Service, 1854-8; superintendent Calcutta Botanic Garden, India, 1861-8, when returned to Edinburgh. Brother of John Anderson. [ ODNB ]

ANDERSON, William Acland Douglas (1829-1882). Army officer. Born Blackburn, England. British Army, 1846-54; served in NZ, promoted Captain. Assistant Gold Commissioner Victoria, 1853-5; commissioner for Melbourne water supply and sewers, 1856-7; MLA, 1856-8. Lieutenant-Colonel and commander of the Victorian volunteer forces, 1854; commandant of the military and naval forces of Victoria from 1871. Husband of Caroline Anderson. [ ADB ]

ANDERSSON, Nils Johan (1821-1880). botanist. Born Gärdsemms parish, Sweden; PhD Uppsala, 1845 Travelled extensively before and after graduation in northern Scandinavia and central Europe; botanist on Eugenie circumnavigation, 1851-3. Held appointments at Uppsala and Lund; curator, Bergian Foundation, 1856; senior lecturer, New Elementary School 1858-74. Specialist in Salix. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

ANDRAE, Hans Carl (c.1849-1923). Businessman. Born Halle an der Saale, Prussian Province of Saxony. Arrived Sydney 1874; naturalized, 1879; in business at Cobar, NSW, including storekeeping and mining interests; general importer, Sydney from c.1890. [Naturalization certificates; various newspaper issues] Capsella andraeana

ANDRÉ, Édouard François (1840-1911). Horticulturalist, landscape designer. Born Bourges, France. Designed gardens in UK, Europe, South America; collaborator in Revue horticole from 1860; editor-in-chief Illustration horticle, Brussels, 1870-80; decorations include Légion d’honneur, Order of Leopold. Specialist in Bromeliaceae. [ Bois (1911)] Dillenia andreana.

ANDREWS, Henry Cranke [Henry Charles] (c.1758-1830). Botanical artist and engraver. Born England; issued The Botanists’ Repository for New and Rare Plants (1797–1814); later published monographs on heaths, roses, geraniums. [ ODNB ]

ANGAS, John Howard (1823-1904). Pastoralist, philanthropist, politician. Born Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. To SA 1843; managed father’s estates and became pastoralist in his own right; MLA 1871-6, MLC 1887-94. Active philanthropist. [ ADB ]

ANJOU, John Henry (c.1868-1955). Importer. Born Hamburg, Germany. Arrived Victoria, 1892, in business in Melbourne. [various Australian newspapers]

ANSTED, David Thomas (1814-1880). Geologist, engineer. Born London, England; educated Cambridge. Professor of Geology, King’s College London, 1840-53; taught at Civil Engineering College, Putney. Consulting geologist and mining engineer from c.1850. FRS 1844; edited Quarterly Journal of Geology. [ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol. 31 (1880-1), pp. i-ii]

ANTHONY, Aleas Savory (?-1920). Natural history collector, planter. Reputedly born in Malta. Collector of birds and lepidoptera for Lord (Walter) Rothschild, Papua, 1890s; later plantation owner, Papua. [Lucas & Lucas (2014); Will, National Archives of Australia, A1, 1921/7120, p. 14]

ANTOINE, Franz, Jr. (1815-1886). Horticulturalist. Born Vienna, Austria. Director Schönbrunn Gardens, Vienna, 1865-86; specialist in conifers and bromeliads. [ Leopoldina , vol. 22, p. 112]

APPELIUS, Carl Wilhelm (1810-1887). Nurseryman. Born Erfurt, Thuringia; established nursery, Erfurt 1832; cultivated plants from Mueller. [Gartenflora, passim; baptismal and death records, Erfurt]

APPONYI von NAGYAPPONY, Rudolph, Count (1812-1876). Diplomat. Austrian but born Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden; followed father into Austrian diplomatic service, including Ambassador in London, 1856-70. [ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ].

ARCHER, William (1820-1874). Architect, naturalist, politician. Born Launceston, Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania). Studied architecture and surveying in London, England, 1836-40, and worked with engineer in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Managed family estates in Tas until again in England, 1856-8, studying botany. Elected FLS; Secretary, Royal Society of Tasmania, 1860-1. Member Tasmanian Legislative Council 1851-5; served several terms as MLA. Architect of many public and private buildings in Tas. [ ADB ]

ARCHER, William Henry (1825-1909). Statistician, public servant. Born London, England; trained as actuary and worked in life assurance. Arrived Melbourne, 1852; responsible for details of Act to require compulsory civil registration of births, deaths and marriages; Assistant- and then Registrar General. Studied law at University of Melbourne; called to Bar, 1867; registrar of land titles from 1868 until compulsorily retired, 1878. Established a life assurance company in NSW, which failed. Active microscopist; Council, Royal Society of Victoria, 1861-3, 1893-5; FLS; Fellow, Institute of Actuaries. [ ADB ]

ARCHIBALD, Joseph (1823-1909). Policeman, museum curator. Born Dublin, Ireland. One of ‘London 50’ recruited in 1852 to serve as police in Victoria, arrived 1853; sergeant at Warrnambool, then sub-inspector at Bendigo, 1877; retired 1878. Curator of Warrnambool Museum. [ Ballarat star , 10 August 1909, p. 6]

ARESCHOUG, Johan [John] Erhard (1811-1887). Algologist. Born Gothenburg, Sweden; studied at Lund; collected widely in Scandinavia, Germany, Belgium and northern France. Associate professor of botany, Lund, 1839; teacher of natural history, Gothenburg Gymnasium; assistant professor of practical economy, Uppsala, 1849; professor of botany and practical economy, 1859. Retired to Stockholm, 1876, and continued algal research. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

ARMIT (de MARGUERITTES), William Edington (1848-1901). Policeman, journalist, explorer, public servant. Born Liège, Belgium. To Australia in 1866 as ship’s crew; stockman; sub-inspector, Qld Native Police, 1872-82. Leader of Melbourne Argus expedition to New Guinea, 1883; Private Secretary to William MacGregor, administrator of British New Guinea, 1893, later public service roles in the territory. Published on natural history topics. FLS; FRGS. [ ADB ] Bossiaea armitii, Cleisostoma armitii, Eriachne armitii, Goodenia armitiana, Pavonia armitiana, Polyalthia armitiana, Portulaca armitii, Sarcochilus armitii, Urena armitiana.

ARMSTRONG, Edmund La Touche (1864-1946). Librarian. Born Herne Hill, Victoria; MA, LLB, Melbourne. Public Library of Victoria, junior assistant 1881, assistant librarian, 1885-95, chief librarian 1896-1925. [Vic death certificate 11177/1946; ‘Tablet to Public Librarian’, Argus (Melbourne), 22 June 1928]

ARMSTRONG, John (?-1847). Gardener, plant collector. Gardener at private estate, Surrey, England; established and ran Government Garden, Port Essington [Coburg Peninsula, NT]; Kew collector at Timor, 1840-5; rice planter, Timor. [Desmond]

ARMSTRONG, John Francis (1820-1902). Gardener. Born Netherby Estate, Cumberlandshire, England; apprenticed c.1832 and worked in Cumberlandshire gardens c.20 years; in Victorian goldfields c.1854-57; gardener and forester, English Lake District 1857-62; to NZ 1862 as gardener, Canterbury. Gardener, Domain Gardens, Canterbury 1867-89, (including ‘Head Gardener Domain and Hagley Park’ 1872-89). [ Lyt t elton Times , 12 October 1889, p. 6]

ARMSTRONG, Richard Ramsay (1831-1910). Naval officer, public servant. Born St Peter, Jersey; joined Royal Navy as midshipman 1847; served in Crimean War, retired as lieutenant-commander, 1871. To NZ and appointed chief immigration officer; to NSW c.1878, reported for NSW government on Lord Howe Island, settled there, appointed to government positions from which dismissed without trial in 1882 for allegedly embezzling funds; campaigned against dismissal, gained compensation. Later in Tas and WA. [ ADB ]

ARMSTRONG, William E. (fl. 1860). Farmer. No other details have been found.

ARMYTAGE, Ada Elizabeth (1858-1939). Born Balmoral, Vic, daughter of pastoralist Charles Henry Armytage; died unmarried in Melbourne; collected specimens for Mueller. Daughter of Caroline Morell Armytage. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

ARMYTAGE, Caroline Morell [née Tuckwell] (1832-1909). Born Eastleach Turville, Gloucestershire, England. Left England after 1851; in Australia by 1856 when she married pastoralist Charles Henry Armytage; from 1863 resided at ‘Como’, South Yarra. Mother of Ada Elizabeth Armytage. [ADB, Vic death certificate 14172/1919]

ARNOLD, Charles Henry [Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich] (c.1829-?). Wood turner, pipe maker. Born Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. Naturalized Victoria, 1857; exhibited at Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia, Melbourne, 1866-7; insolvent 1869. [Victoria Naturalization certificate No. 243, 26 October 1857; Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia (1867), Official catalogue, p. 29, Leader (Melbourne) 18 December 1869, p. 14]

ARROWSMITH, Robert Todd (1826-1911). Mining surveyor, civil engineer. Born Barnard Castle, England. Arrived Victoria 1852; district mining surveyor and mining registrar, 1860s; municipal engineer, Rutherglen Shire, Chiltern Shire. [Benalla standard, 8 September 1911, p. 3; Probate of will]

ARTIN, Ya’qub (Yacoub) (1842-1919). Educator, scholar, public servant. Born Cairo, of Armenian descent; educated Istanbul and Europe; 1879 Kedive’s secretary for European affairs; from 1884 undersecretary Education ministry. Member, sometime president then honorary president, Institut Égyptien. [ Biographical D ictionary of Modern Egypt (2000), p. 25]

ASCHERSON, Paul Friedrich August (1834-1913). Botanist, ethnologist, linguist. DrMed Berlin, 1855. Assistant at Berlin Botanic Garden, 1860-76; Professor of botany and plant geography, Berlin, from 1863. Collected in Libya 1873-4. [ Deutsche Biographie ; Leopoldina, vol. 49 (1913), pp. 35-7]

ASHBY, Edwin (1861-1941). Estate agent, naturalist. Born Surrey, England; migrated to Adelaide, SA, 1888. Enthusiastic naturalist with wide interests, but specialist in chitons; established ‘Wittunga’, now a public botanic garden. FLS, 1919; Councillor, Royal Society of SA, 1900-19; Vice-president, 1919-21; President, Royal Australian Ornithologists Union, 1926. [ ADB ]

ASHLEY, Edmund (1818-1892). Importer. Born Tupton, England; agricultural implement maker before migrating to Victoria, 1842. Worked for engineering firms, later became importer, for a time in partnership with Richard Heales; involved in sawmilling and farming; philanthropic interests. [ Argus (Melbourne), 7 December 1892, p. 6]

ASHLEY, Phillip Arthur (1854-1945). Artist and engraver. Born Stoke Newington, England; arrived Australia 1883. Head artist of William Inglis and Co, active until at least 1903, some time after which he returned to the UK. Registered member of Amalgamated Society of Lithographic Artists …, 1917, but ‘excluded’ 1919; described as ‘artist, blind’ by time of 1939 Register. [Darragh (2023); 1939 Register (National Archives, London, Series RG101, Horsham, registration district 81/1]

ASKENASY, Eugen (1845-1903). Botanist. Born Odessa, Russia. To Germany 1853, studied agriculture at Hohenheim and then botany at Heidelberg; DrPhil 1866; professor of botany at Heidelberg from 1881. Algologist, plant physiologist. [ T L 2 , Deutsche Biographie ]

ATKINSON, Caroline Louisa Waring [Married name Calvert] (1834-1872). Naturalist, writer. Born near Berrima, NSW. Published two novels, other fiction and numerous popular articles on natural history. Married James Calvert, 1869. [ ADB , Maroske & V a ughan (2014); Clarke (1990)] Atkinsonia, Erechtites atkinsoniae, Epacris calvertiana, Helipterum calvertianum, Pomaderris calvertiana, Senecio atkinsoniae, Xanthosia atkinsoniana.

ATKINSON, Edward Derwent (1844-1920). Public servant, geologist. Born Drax, Yorkshire, England. Station master, Tasmanian railways; director of tin mining company; JP by 1894. Collected geological specimens for many museums; associated with the Royal Society of Tas, the Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, and the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Brother of Henry Dresser Atkinson. [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]

ATKINSON, Edwin (1826-1887). Local Government official. Born Yorkshire; in Victoria from c.1853. Town Clerk, Portland, from 1862; Secretary, Shire of Portland, from c.1884. [ Portland guardian , 13 June 1887, p. 2; Vic death certificate 7737/1887]

ATKINSON, George Francis (1854-1918). Botanist, mycologist. Born Raisinville, Michigan, USA; graduated Cornell University, 1885. Assistant professor of entomology and zoology, University of North Carolina, 1885-6; professor of entomology, 1886-8; professor of botany and zoology, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, 1889-92; assistant professor of cryptogamic botany, Cornell University, 1892-3, associate professor of botany, 1896-1918. President, Botanical Society of America, 1907-9; Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1918. [ Farlow, Thaxter & Bailey (1919)]

ATKINSON, Harry Leigh (c.1832-1915). Medical practitioner, landowner, mining interests. Born Weaverthorpe, Yorkshire, England; qualified in medicine MRCS 1853, LSA 1853, practised in York. Arrived Vic 1859, Vic medical register 1860; appointment at Melbourne Benevolent Asylum 1860-62; Private practice and Surgeon Superintendent Bendigo General Hospital from 1862. Invested in land and mining, director of many mining companies; said to be largest landholder in Victoria at his death. [ AMPI , Bendigo advertiser , 15 July 1915, p. 5; Various Australian newspapers, Victoria probate files VPRS 28/P0003, 141/540, VPRS 7591/P0002, 149/796]

ATKINSON, Henry Dresser (c.1841-1921). Anglican priest. Born Selby, Yorkshire, England; educated Magdalen College, Cambridge; BA (Dublin),1864. Ordained deacon 1865, priest 1866. Contracted cholera and emigrated to Tasmania for his health, c.1868; parishes at d’Entrecasteaux Channel, 1868-77; Circular Head, 1877-90, Evandale, 1890-1910. Writer on natural history; conchologist, collaborated with J. E. Tenison Woods. Brother of Edwin Derwent Atkinson. [Mercury (Hobart), 27 June 1821, p. 4; Alum n i cantabrigienses , Part 2, vol. 1, p. 93]

AUCHER-ÉLOY, Pierre Rémi Martin (1792-1838). Botanist, traveller. Born Blois, France; studied pharmacy at Orlèans and Paris. Proprietor of a bookshop and printery at Blois and then from 1826-9 in Paris; thereafter travelled and collected extensively in western Asia until his death. [ W. Hooker (1844)]

AUGUSTINE, Joseph (c.1813-1911). Carpenter. Born San Miguel, Azores, Portugal. Sailor c.1830; in Victoria 1852 at gold diggings; settled at Stanley, near Beechworth, Vic. [ Advocate (Melbourne), 5 August 1911, p. 23.]

AUSTEN, Robert (c.1851-1879). Artist. Born England, arrived Victoria 1876. [Darragh (2012), note 21, p. 277]

AUSTIN, Robert (1825-1905). Engineer, explorer, surveyor. Born Epping Forest, England. Arrived WA, 1840; joined Surveyor General’s Department 1847, explored Murchison and Gascoyne regions. To Qld as public service surveyor, 1860; engineer of roads for southern districts, 1862; later focused on metropolitan civil engineering and surveying. [ ADB ]

AUSTIN, Thomas (1815-1871). Settler and landowner. Born Baltonsborough, Somerset, England. To Tasmania in 1831 with family; to Victoria 1837, occupied land near Winchelsea, developing the property ‘Barwon Park’ which became the centre of a pastoral enterprise of many runs. Life member, Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, with Barwon Park a release site of many species. Widow Elizabeth, neé Harding, philanthropically active, founded Austin Hospital, Melbourne. [ A D B ]

AUTARD DE BRAGARD, Cyrus Etienne (1812-1876). Merchant? Born Port Louis, Mauritius. Interested in acclimatization; visited Australia several times with consignments of sugar. [ Autard Family history site , accessed 27 May 2021; Australian newspapers, various issues]

AUTRAN, Eugène [John Benjamin] (1855-1912). Botanist. Born Switzerland; employed at the Boissier Herbarium from 1888, editor of the Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier. Emigrated to Argentina, 1901. [ TL2 ]

AVELEDO, Agustin (1837-1926). Engineer and educator. Born Caracas, Venezuela. Graduated as engineer, Academy of Mathematics 1855; Central University of Venezuela PhD 1880. A founder of La Sociedad de Ciencias Fisicas y Naturales de Carácas, 1867, Colegio de Ingenieros de Venezuela, president 1869-81, 1888-95, 1899-1922. Commenced Venezuelan meteorological records. President, regional Board of Public Instruction; founder Orphan Asylum of Caracas. [ Diccionario de Histor i a d e Venezuela ]

AVERY, Samuel Thomas (c.1855-1928). Municipal employee. Born Belfast, Victoria (?). Port Fairy (formerly Belfast) borough ranger, then parks overseer; retired 1919. Successfully stabilized coastal sand drifts. [Various newspaper issues; Heathcote & Maroske (1996)].

AYERS, Henry (1821-1897). Businessman, politician. Born Portsea, England. Arrived Adelaide, SA, 1840; law clerk until 1845, then secretary, later managing director, of Adelaide Mining Association; director of many other companies. Member of Legislative Council, 1857; Premier, 1863-4, 1865, 1867-8, 1872-3. Governor of Botanic Gardens Board, Adelaide, for 35 years; treasurer of University of Adelaide, 1874-86; patron of exploration. CMG, 1870; KCMG, 1872; GCMG, 1894. [ ADB ]

AYRES, Phillip Burnard (1813-1863). Physician, botanist. Born Thame, Oxfordshire, England; MD London 1841; pupil of John Lindley. Practised medicine in London. Superintendent of Quarantine, Mauritius, from 1856. Specialist in cryptogams. [Desmond]

AYRTON, Acton Smee (1816-1886). Politician. Born Kew, England. Practised as solicitor, Bombay, India; barrister of Middle Temple, 1853. Member of Parliament, 1857-74; First Commissioner of Works, 1869-73; transferred by Prime Minister following dispute with officials including Joseph Hooker to Judge-Advocate-General in 1874; failed to be re-elected MP, 1874, 1885. [ ODNB ]

BABBAGE, Benjamin Herschel (1815-1878). Engineer, explorer. Born London, England. To SA 1851; railway engineer; government assayer; explorer, but controversies about his progress; worked on Overland Telegraph line. Founding member of Royal Society of SA; viticulturalist. [ ADB ] Babbagia.

BABINGTON, Anna Maria (1836-1919). Professor’s wife. Born Lamphey, Pembrokeshire, Wales; married Charles Cardale Babington, 1866. [ODNB; Birth, Marriage and Death indexes, England and Wales]

BABINGTON, Charles Cardale (1808-1895). Botanist. Born Ludlow, Shropshire, England; Cambridge BA 1830, MA 1833. Professor of Botany, Cambridge 1861-95. FRS 1851. [ ODNB ]

BABINGTON, Churchill (1821-1889). Archaeologist, naturalist, Anglican clergyman. Born Roecliffe, Leicestershire; Cambridge BA 1843, MA 1846, DD 1879. Elected Disney Professor of Archaeology, Cambridge 1865, 1870, 1875. Rector of Cockfield, Suffolk 1866. [ ODNB ]

BACCHUS, William Henry (1820-1887). Grazier. Born Pont y Pandy, Wales; accompanied father to Victoria 1838. With sheep from Tasmania, settled near Bacchus Marsh; after father’s death farmed ‘Peerewur’, Lal-Lal, near Ballarat. Active in Ballarat Farmers Club; interested in grasses. [Various Australian newspapers; Vic death certificate 12258/1887]

BACKHAUS, George Henry (1811-1882). Catholic priest. Born Padeborn, Prussia; studied at Rome, DD and ordination 1836. Missionary in India; to SA 1847, Victorian goldfields, 1852; vicar-general, Bendigo diocese c.1875; retired 1881. [ ADB ]

BACKHOUSE, James (1794-1869). Missionary, naturalist. Born Darlington, England. Quaker mission to Australian penal colonies 1832-8; collected plants during journeys. Returned to England via Mauritius and Cape Colony. Proprietor of nursery in York, England. [ ADB ]

BAGE, Charles (1859-1930). Medical practitioner. Born Colac, Victoria; MB, ChB Melbourne 1881. General practitioner South Yarra 1883-1923, consultant 1923-5. Son of Edward Bage (1816-1890); brother of Edward Bage (1851-1891). [ Argus (Melbourne), 8 December 1930, p. 7]

BAGE, Edward (1816-1890). Engineer, surveyor. Born Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England; assistant surveyor and engineer, Sierra Leone, 1847-53. Arrived Victoria 1853; surveyor in western Victoria and from 1860 in outer Melbourne suburbs; licensed under Real Property Act, 1863. Father of Edward Bage (1851-1891) and Charles Bage. [Ryan (2001)]

BAGE, Edward (1851-1891). Wholesale druggist. Born Sierra Leone. Arrived Melbourne 1853; joined firm of Felton, Grimwade & Co. c.1867, partner from c.1880. Son of Edward Bage (1816-1890); brother of Charles Bage. [Sydney mail and New South Wales advertiser, 11 July 1891, p. 74; Vic death certificate 14260/1891]

BAGGETT, George Devereaux (1809-1870). House, land and commission agent. Born Islington, Middlesex, England. In Jamacia 1841; arrived Melbourne from Jamacia 1853; moved to NZ by 1864. [various Australian and NZ newspapers; immigration records]

BAGOT, Ulysses North (1822-1882). Public servant. Born Kilcoursey, County Offaly, Ireland. Arrived Adelaide 1850; clerk, money order department, Post Office; Chief Clerk, Office of Commissioner of Crown Lands, from 1861. [Various South Australian newspapers]

BAHSE, Moritz Ferdinand (1825-1891). Merchant. Born Saxony. Yarn merchant in Chemnitz, Saxony; President of Chemnitz Chamber of Commerce 1866-78; Committee member of the German Chamber of Commerce 1874-8. Delegate for Saxony, International Exhibition (Melbourne) 1880-1; represented many chambers of commerce and Commissioner for Saxony at International Centennial Exhibition, Melbourne 1888-9. [Das Deutsche Handelstag 1861-1911 (Berlin 1911-3), vol. 1, p. 422; various Victorian newspapers]

BAIL, Carl Adolph Emmo Theodore (1833-1922). School teacher, botanist. Born Haynau, Silesia, (now Poland); DPhil Breslau, 1857. Taught in high schools at Breslau, Posen, Danzig, retired 1900. Member Natural History Society of Danzig (Naturforschender Gesellschaft) from 1863, President 1880s; Member Leopoldina 1857; main botanical interest mycology. [ TL2 ; Lakowitz (1923)]

BAILEY, Frederick (1840-1912). Military engineer, forester. Born York, Yorkshire, England. Commissioned Royal Engineers, 1859; to India 1864; final promotion Lieutenant Colonel, 1887; attached to Indian Forest Service from1871, creating its survey branch; Conservator of Forests 1878. To Scotland 1890, foundation lecturer in Forestry, University of Edinburgh; President Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society 1898. [ The Scotsman , 23 December 1912, p. 6; Desmond]

BAILEY, Frederick Manson (1827-1915). Botanist. Born Hackney, London, England. To SA 1839; partner with father and brother in nursery near Adelaide. Took up land at Hutt Valley, NZ, 1858. To Brisbane, Qld 1861, opened seed store and collected plants for sale; botanist to Board investigating plant and animal diseases, 1875; acting curator, Queensland Museum, 1880-2, Government Botanist from 1881. Foundation member Royal Society Qld, President 1890; FLS 1878; Clarke Medal, Royal Society NSW, 1902; CMG 1911. Son of John Bailey, father of John Frederick Bailey. [ ADB ] Acacia baileyana, Bolbophyllum baileyi, Cyrtandra baileyi, Dendrobium baileyi, Eucalyptus baileyana, Indigofera baileyi, Leptorrhynchus baileyi, Persea baileyana.

BAILEY, John (1801-1864). Horticulturalist, Government Botanist. Born Hackney, London, England; gardener at Loddiges. To NZ 1837. To SA 1839; Government Botanist and curator Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, 1839-41; retrenched, established private nursery business. Father of Frederick Manson Bailey. [Gibbney & Smith; Adelaide Express , 27 May 1864, p. 2]

BAILEY, John Frederick (1866-1838). Government botanist. Born Brisbane, Qld. Assistant, 1889, then Director Brisbane Botanic Gardens, 1905-16; Government Botanist Qld, 1913-6; Director of Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, 1917-32. Son of Frederick Manson Bailey. [ A D B ]

BAILLIÈRE, Ferdinand François (1838-1881). Bookseller and publisher. Born London, England; member of prominent bookselling and publishing family; to Melbourne 1860. Son of Hippolyte Baillière; nephew of Jean-Baptiste Baillière [ ADB ]

BAILLIÈRE, Jean-Baptiste (1797-1885). Bookseller and publisher. Born Beauvais, France. Opened bookshop, 1818; established English branch, 1831; official publisher for Académie nationale de médecine, 1827-72. Brother of Hippolyte Baillière; uncle of Ferdinand Baillière. [ Le Temps (Paris), 11 November 1885, p. [3]]

BAILLIÈRE, Pierre Antoine Francois Hippolyte (c.1809-1867). Bookseller and publisher. Born France; managed booksellers and publishers, Regent Street, London, opened by his brother in 1831. Brother of Jean-Baptiste Baillière; father of Ferdinand Frances Baillière; [Newspaper death notices; business advertisements]

BAILLON, Henri Ernest (1827-1895). Botanist. Born Calais, France. Studied medicine; house surgeon 1854. Professor of Botany, École de Médecine, Paris from 1863. Foreign FLS, 1875, Foreign Member, Royal Society of London 1894; founding member Société Linnéenne de Paris, 1886; editor of Adansonia. [ Na t ure , 15 August 1895, pp. 371]

BAIN, John (1815-1903). Horticulturalist. Born Ireland; gained experience in private gardens and Chelsea Physic Garden. Trinity College Dublin Botanic Gardens from c.1840, rising to Curator 1862-78; ALS 1863. [ Gardeners’ chro n icle , 9 May 1903, pp. 299-300]

BAINES, John Thomas (1822-1875). Artist and explorer. Born King’s Lynn, Norfolk, England; apprenticed as painter of heraldic arms. To Cape Town 1842, becoming a marine and portrait painter; war artist 1851-2 in Cape Frontier War; employed by Royal Geographic Society, London 1853; artist with Augustus Gregory’s North Australian Exploring Expedition 1855-7; artist, Livingston Zambesi expedition; independent exploration in southern Africa. FRGS 1857. [ ODNB ]

BAIRD, Robert (c.1838-1883). Barrister. Born (Glasgow?), Scotland. Admitted to the Bar, London (Middle Temple), 1864; admitted as barrister of Queensland Supreme Court, 1869; admitted to practise Victoria 1874; Kingston, Jamaica 1875, Judge District Court 1876. [Various Australian, English and Jamaican newspapers; Fos t er (1885)]

BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton (1823-1887). Naturalist, museum administrator. Born Reading, Pennsylvania, USA; Dickinson College BA, MA, later taught there. First curator National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1850; succeeded Joseph Henry as Secretary from 1878. [ Smithsonian Institution Archives ]

BAKER, Edmund Gilbert (1864-1949). Botanist. Born Thirsk, Yorkshire, England; educated as pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Society Pereira Medal 1886. Botany Department, British Museum (Natural History) from 1887, retiring as Assistant Keeper 1924. FLS 1887. Son of John Gilbert Baker. [ Na t u re , 21 January 1950, p. 98]

BAKER, Frederick Harry (1865-1946). Dentist. Born Melbourne, Victoria. Registered under Victorian Dental Act 1877, 1888; in practice, Richmond; dentist to Alfred Hospital, Victorian Infant Asylum; Member, Dental Board of Victoria. FLS 1893. [Vic death certificate 1963/1946; various Australian newspapers]

BAKER, John Gilbert (1834-1920). Botanist. Born Guisborough, Yorkshire, England. Curator & Secretary, London Botanical Exchange Club 1859-65. Botanic Gardens, Kew, Assistant 1866, retiring as Keeper of Herbarium and Library 1889. Lecturer in botany, London Hospital Medical School, 1869-81, Chelsea Physic Garden, 1882-96. FLS 1866, FRS 1878; RHS Victoria Medal of Honour 1897, Linnean Medal 1889. Father of Edmund Gilbert Baker. [ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Se r ies B , 1921, vol. 92, pp. xxiv-xxx]

BAKER, Richard Thomas (1854-1941). Botanist, museum curator. Born Woolwich, Kent, England. Trained as teacher, taught London schools 1875-9. Arrived Australia 1879; science and art master, Newington College, Sydney, 1880; Assistant curator, Technological Museum, Sydney 1888, Curator, 1898-1921, economic botanist, 1901-21. Mueller Medal of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1921; Clarke Medal, Royal Society NSW 1922. [ ADB ]

BAKER, S. A. (fl. 1855-1862). Fishmonger. Managed fishmonger’s business for her supposed husband, John J. Baker, first in Geelong and later in Melbourne, returning to Geelong to operate on her own account as ‘Fishmongeress’ from 1862. [Various Victorian newspapers]

BAKER, Samuel White (1821-1893). Explorer, hunter, naturalist. Born London, England. Ceylon 1845-1854 as planter and hunter. Explored the Upper Nile 1860-5; 1869-74 commanded an expedition organized by the Pasha of Egypt for the suppression of slavery and the annexation of equatorial regions of the Nile basin, of which he was appointed governor-general. Knighted 1866; FRS 1869. [ OD N B ]

BAKER, William Leonard (1831-1893). Businessman, politician. Born Newport, Wales. To Australia c.1852; gold mining in Victoria, Qld; to Kimberley goldfields, WA 1885; in business in Wyndham, WA; MLA from 1890. [ West Australian, 9 January 1893, p. 4; Biog r aphical Register of Members of the Parliament of Western Australia ]

BALANSA, Gaspard Joseph Benedict Benjamin (1825-1891). Botanical collector. Born Narbonne, France; collected in Algeria, Paraguay, Turkey, Morocco, New Caledonia and Indochina. [ Revue de botanique , 1892, vol. 10, pp. 661-4]

BALDIE, George (1828-1889). Mason. Born St Andrews, Scotland; arrived Portland, Vic, 1854. [Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839–1923. various Victorian newspapers]

BALDRY, John (1836-1908). Farmer. Born Stradbroke, Suffolk, England. Arrived Victoria 1862; took up ‘Wildwood’, Flinders, Vic; local government elected member. [ Mornington and Dromana Standard , 11 July, 1908. p. 3]

BALE, William Mountier (1851-1940). Customs official, naturalist. Born Lambeth, England. Arrived Sydney, thence to Melbourne, 1853; joined customs department 1872. Fellow, Royal Microscopical Society 1882; Secretary Microscopical Society of Victoria 1884; founding member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1880. Specialist in hydroids. [ Victorian Naturalist , vol. 57, p. 140; various Victorian newspaper reports.]

BALFOUR, Andrew Francis (1851-1906). Naval officer. Born Edinburgh, Scotland. Royal Navy cadet 1865; sub-Lieutenant on Challenger expedition; retired as Captain 1898. Son of James Hutton Balfour; brother of Isaac Bayley Balfour. [National Archives, ADM 196/18/270, Portsmouth evening news. 3 April 1906]

BALFOUR, Isaac Bayley (1852-1922). Botanist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; studied Edinburgh BSc 1873; DSc 1879; MB, 1877; MD, 1883; hon LLD, 1921. Professor of botany Glasgow 1879-84, Oxford 1884-8, Edinburgh 1888-1922. FRS 1884, FLS 1875. KBE 1920. Son of John Hutton Balfour, brother of Andrew Francis Balfour. [ ODNB ]

BALFOUR, John Hutton (1808-1884). Botanist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; studied theology at St Andrews; trained as a physician, MD (Edinburgh) 1832. Founding member Botanical Society of Edinburgh 1836; Professor of botany Glasgow1841; Professor of botany and medicine Edinburgh 1845; keeper of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Hon LLD St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh, 1879; FRSE 1834, FRS 1856. Father of Isaac Bayley Balfour, Andrew Francis Balfour [ ODNB ]

BALL, John (1818-1889). Barrister, politician, naturalist. Born Dublin, Ireland; educated Christ’s College Cambridge. Called to Irish Bar 1845, never practised; Poor Law Commission, Ireland; MP for Carlow; Under Secretary for the Colonies, 1855-7. Travelled widely, publishing on botany and geology. FLS 1856, FRS 1868. [ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol. 47 (1889-90), pp. v-ix]

BALL, Robert Stawell (1840-1913). Astronomer. Born Dublin, Ireland; studied at Trinity College Dublin. Observer for Earl of Rosse, Birr Castle; Professor of applied mathematics and mechanics, Royal College of Science, Dublin; Professor of astronomy, Trinity College Dublin 1874; Lowndean Professor of astronomy, Cambridge. FRS 1873; knighted 1886. [ ODNB ]

BALLS-HEADLEY, Walter (1841-1918). Gynaecologist. Born Stapleford, Cambridgeshire, England; educated Cambridge BA 1862, ChM 1865, MD 1868; trained Addenbrookes Cambridge, St Bartholomew’s, London, MRCP 1866, FRCP 1888. To Australia 1868; in Warwick Qld until 1875, then consultant practice, Colins Street, Melbourne; Physician at Alfred Hospital 1878, at Women’s Hospital, 1878-1900. Lecturer, Melbourne University, 1889; President, Medical Society of Victoria, 1889; Vice-president, Gynaecological Society, London, 1897-8. Returned to England, 1907. Settled in British Columbia, Canada 1913. [ AD B ] Medinilla balls-headleyi.

BALMAIN, James (1825-1882). Architect. Born London, England. Arrived Sydney 1843, to Melbourne 1847 as clerk of works, succeeding Henry Ginn as Colonial Architect 1853, dismissed 1858; insolvent 1860; remained in practice during 1870s. Brother of Thomas Cubitt Balmain; Brother-in-law of Henry Ginn. [Various Australian newspapers]

BALMAIN, Thomas Cubitt (1828-1864). Civil servant. Born London, England. Arrived Sydney 1843; clerk of works, Melbourne 1847, chief clerk of works 1856, redundant 1860, later employed in railway department. Brother of James Balmain. [Argus, 12 May 1866, p. 6; death notices]

BANCROFT, Joseph (1836-1894). Medical practitioner. Born Manchester, England; Manchester Royal School of Medicine and Surgery MRCS, LSA, 1859; MD, St Andrews, Scotland 1859; practised Nottingham. Arrived Qld 1864; in practice Brisbane; member of Central Board of Health, Medical Board 1876-94 (president 1882-94). Investigated filariasis, active component of Duboisia, plant pathology. Member Philosophical Society of Queensland 1866, president 1882-3 as Royal Society of Qld. Father of Thomas Lane Bancroft. [ ADB ] Isandra bancroftii.

BANCROFT, Thomas Lane (1860-1933). Medical naturalist. Born Nottingham, England; arrived Brisbane 1864. Studied medicine Edinburgh, MB, ChM 1883. Hospital physician, Innisfail, Qld 1885-6, Christchurch hospital NZ; in practice Brisbane 1889-94. Experimental farm, Deception Bay, Qld 1894-1904; posts in Brisbane 1904-8; Qld Government medical officer 1908-32, Stannary Hills, Eidsvold, Palm Island. Active investigator in stock diseases, plant hybridization and, especially, parasitology. CMZSL 1923; active collector, supplied plant and animal specimens. Son of Joseph Bancroft. [ ADB ]. Elaeocarpus bancroftii.

BANCROFT, William Charles (1826-1903). Army officer. Born Jamaica. Joined British army 1844; Captain, ADC and Secretary to the Governor of Victoria, 1856-63; returned to active service; retired 1883 as lieutenant-general. [ Obituaries Australia ; St James Gazette (London), 2 February 1903, p. 20.]

BANKIN, James (1836-1925). Grazier. Born Upminster, Essex, England. Arrived Victoria, 1850; selected land in Gippsland, 1865. [Baptism entry, Upminster St Laurence, 26 April 1836; various Australian newspapers]

BANKS, Joseph (1743-1820). Naturalist and patron of science. Born London, England; inherited landed estate 1761. Expeditions to Iceland 1766, 1772; naturalist on James Cook’s Endeavour expedition 1768-71, collecting extensively in South America, the Pacific and Australia; employed series of naturalists to work on collections. Adviser to government, including on convict settlement in Australia and development of Kew Gardens. FRS 1766, President 1778-1820. Baronet 1781; KCB 1795. [ ODNB ]

BAPTIST, John Thomas (1804-1873). Nursery proprietor. Born Portugal. Arrived Sydney 1829, established market garden, later a nursery; son entered business c.1864; traded intercolonially and internationally, including Australian native species. [Aitken & Looker (2002)]

BARBER, Charles Deynes (1849-1902). Children’s home superintendent. Born Tunstead, Norfolk, England. In Qld as manager of ‘Consuelo’, Rolleston, from 1877; in Warrnambool, Victoria from 1884; in Melbourne from 1887, Gordon Institute Home for Boys superintendent 1890. [Vic death certificate 9841/1902; various Australian newspapers]

BARBER, Henry Bride (1861-1938). Methodist clergyman. Born Leeds, England. Arrived Sydney 1889. Primitive Methodist Minister, Bendigo circuit, from 1890, later in Geelong, Hobart, Daylesford, Stawell, Warracknabeal, Northcote, Middle Park; retired 1929. FLS 1897. [ Argus (Melbourne), 18 July 1938, p. 4; immigration records, NSW]

BARBEY, William (1842-1914). Botanist and philanthropist. Born Genthod, Switzerland; educated Geneva and in engineering, École centrale de Paris. Founder Bulletin de l’herbier Boissier, 1885; collected in Mediterranean area. Son-in-law of Pierre Edmund Boissier. [ Chodat (1914)]

BARBOSA DU BOCAGE, José Vincente (1823-1907). Zoologist, politician. Born Funchal, Portugal; with family in political exile Brazil c.1830-34; graduated medicine University of Coimbara 1846. Escola Politécnica: zoology professor 1849-c.1880; Director zoological Museum, 1858-. Ministerial roles following election in 1878 include Minister of Foreign Affairs 1883-6, 1890. Member Lisbon Geograpical Society (a founder, President), Royal Academy of Sciences (vice-president 1875), FZSL. Grand Cross, Order of St. James (Portugal); Grand Cross, Franz Joseph Order (Austria); Commander, Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain); Commander, Order of trhe Rose (Brazil); Officer, Legion of Honour (France). [ Portugal Dicionário hist ó rico ]

BÁRCENA, Mariano de La (1842-1899). Botanist, engineer, politician. Born Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico; studied at Escuela especial de ingenieros de México. Professor of palaeontology and geology, National Museum, Mexico, and director of the Central Meteorological Observatory, Mexico. Collected plant specimens in Jalisco and Colima 1885-7. [ TL 2 ]

BARCLAY, Henry Vere (1845-1917). Surveyor. Born Bury, Lancashire, England. Lieutenant Royal Marine Light Infantry 1863, naval surveyor South America. Arrived Tasmania 1871, to South Australia 1877; worked in the Northern Territory, 1878, later in NZ; member, Barclay-McPherson expedition to the Northern Territory, 1904-5; railway surveyor Qld and NSW. [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]

BARCLAY, James (1828-1913). Farmer. Born Ceres, Fife, Scotland. Farming at Tyabb, Vic by 1860 until 1902. [Various Victorian newspapers]

BARCLAY, John (1834-1910). Grazier. Born Glasgow, Scotland. Arrived Port Phillip 1841 with parents who occupied a pastoral lease in western Victoria; at Strathdownie by 1880s. [Various Australian newspapers].

BARDON Y GÓMEZ, Lázaro Silvero (1817-1897). Hellenist. Born León, Spain; graduated in theology and literature, Madrid. Professor of Greek, Salamanca 1849, Madrid 1850. Founding member of Spanish Anthropological Association; interested in natural history and medicine. Briefly from 1870 Rector of the Central University; President of the Museum of Natural History of Madrid. [ Reinventar la Antigüedad Historia cultural de los estudios clásicos ]

BARFF, Henry Ebenezer (1857-1925). University administrator. Born Tahaa Island, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Sydney University: BA 1876, MA, 1882; lecturer in mathematics 1879, acting registrar 1880-2, registrar from 1882. CMG 1923 [ ADB ]

BARILLET-DESCHAMPS, Jean-Pierre (1824-1873). Horticulturalist, landscape architect. Born Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, France. Head gardener City of Paris, laid out Bois de Boulogne and other spaces; director horticultural works Prater, Vienna and for Government of Egypt; consultant in development of gardens of major royal residences in Europe. [ Journal de l’agriculture , 1875, p. 472] Goodenia barilletii.

BARKER, Edward (1816- 1885). Surgeon and pastoralist. Born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England; studied medicine University College Hospital, London (MRCS 1839, FRCS 1859). Arrived Victoria 1840, taking up land with his brother John. Opened medical practice in Melbourne 1849, honorary surgeon Benevolent Asylum, surgeon Melbourne Hospital; lecturer in surgery University of Melbourne 1863-80. A founder of Royal Society of Victoria; member Medical Board of Victoria. Brother of John Barker and William Barker. [ ADB ]

BARKER, Jane Sophia née HARDEN (c.1808-1876). Bishop’s wife. Born Hawkshead, Lancashire, England. Married Frederic Barker 1840, accompanied him to Australia 1855 when appointed Bishop of Sydney; supported Ladies Leichhardt Search Committee. [ ADB (husband’s entry); England census 1851]

BARKER, John (1815-1891). Pastoralist and public servant. Born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England; called to the Bar, London, 1834 (Lincoln’s Inn). Arrived Victoria 1840, but returned to England briefly, returning married in 1844; established pastoral runs near Westernport, resided Cape Schank. Admitted to Victorian Bar 1851; clerk to Legislative Council of Victoria 1851, Legislative Assembly 1856-82, finally clerk of the parliaments. Brother of Edward Barker and William Barker, husband of Susannah Barker. [ ADB ]

BARKER, Susannah née HODGKINSON (1819-1899). Pastoralist. Born Babworth, Nottinghamshire, England. To Victoria with husband 1844, established pastoral runs, lived at Cape Shank. Collected algae for William Henry Harvey, possibly other plants for Mueller. Wife of John Barker. [ Maroske &Vaug h an (2014)])

BARKER, William (1818-1889). Landowner, magistrate, surgeon. Born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England; studied medicine University College Hospital, London (MRCS 1840). To Victoria 1844, acquired Mount Alexander pastoral run 1845. Resumed medical practice 1862, in Beechworth, Echuca and Melbourne. Brother of John Barker and Edward Barker. [ ADB ]

BARKLY, Anna Maria née PRATT (1838-1932). Governor’s wife. Born Edinburgh, Scotland. Married Governor Henry Barkly 1860; accompanied him on later appointments in Mauritius and Cape Colony. Active botanical collector, especially of ferns. [ADB; Desmond]

BARKLY, Elizabeth Helen née TIMINS (1820-1857). Governor’s wife. Born Aldenham, Hertfordshire, England. Married Henry Barkly 1840, accompanied him to colonial Governor appointments: British Guiana 1848, Jamaica 1853, Victoria 1856. [ADB; ODNB]

BARKLY, Henry (1815-1898). Colonial governor. Born Rosshire, Scotland. MP, 1845-8; appointed governor British Guiana 1848, Jamaica 1853, Victoria 1856, Mauritius 1863, Cape of Good Hope 1870-7. FRS 1864, FRGS 1870. KCB, 1853, GCMG, 1874. President, Royal Society of Victoria. Husband of Elizabeth Helen Barkly; Anna Maria Barkly. [ ADB , ODNB]

BARLEE, Frederick Palgrave (1827-1884). Colonial administrator. Born Worlingworth, Suffolk, England. Served in Sierra Leone 1851-4, Colonial Secretary WA 1855-75, Administrator of British Honduras 1877-82, Trinidad 1884. [ ADB ] Stylidium barleei.

BARNARD, Anne née HENSLOW (1833-1889). Botanical artist. Born in Cambridgeshire England. Contributed plates to Curtis’s botanical magazine as ‘AB’, illustrated Daniel Oliver’s lessons in elementary botany. Daughter of John Stevens Henslow, sister of Frances Harriet Henslow, sister-in-law of Joseph Hooker. [ Bulletin of miscellaneous information (Royal Gardens, Kew), 1899, pp. 19-20]

BARNARD, Charles Edward (c.1850- 1927). Medical practitioner. Born Hobart, Tasmania; studied medicine in Great Britain, MRCS (England), LRCP (London), MD (Aberdeen). Registered in NSW 1875, Vic 1901, SA 1911. Son of James Barnard. [ AMPI , accessed 3 July 2021] Tricoilocaryon barnardi (fossil).

BARNARD, Francis George Allman (1857-1932). Pharmacist, naturalist. Born Kew, Victoria. Registered pharmacist, 1879, active in professional affairs. Founder member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, secretary 1884-90, 1908-10, editor Victorian Naturalist 1892-1925, president 1905-7, life member, 1923. Member Historical Society of Victoria, council member from 1913. Member of Kew Council, Melbourne from 1925, Mayor 1920. Nephew of Frederick William Barnard (d. 1909), cousin of Frederick William Barnard (d. 1949). [ Victorian naturalist , vol. 49 (1932), pp. 69-73]

BARNARD, Frederick William (1857-1949). Architect, builder, sugar grower, orchardist. Born Melbourne, Vic. Selected land near Mossman, Qld c.1881; director then chairman, Mossman Central Mill Company; later orchardist near Stanthorpe, Qld. Son of Frederick William Barnard (d. 1909); cousin of Francis George Althorp Barnard. [ Cairns post , 14 September 1949, p. 5]

BARNARD, Frederick William (c.1830-1909). Civil servant. Born Norwich, Norfolk, England. Arrived Victoria c.1851; employed in various public servant roles, finally Public Works Department. Uncle of Frances George Allman Barnard, father of Frederick William Barnard (d. 1949). [Vic death certificate 4423/1909; widow’s obituary Warwick daily news , 2 August 1929, p. 4]

BARNARD, James (1809-1897). Printer. Born Hackney, London, England. Arrived Hobart, Tasmania 1839 as government printer, retired 1880. Member, Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land from 1841, member of Council of successor Royal Society of Tasmania from 1843, vice-president from 1878, secretary 1880-3. Father of Charles Edward Barnard. [ Mercury (Hobart), 21 April 1897, p. 2]

BARNARD, William Henry (1831–1900). Public servant. Born Lambeth, England. To Geelong, Vic 1853; Treasury clerk, to Portland 1858, Beechworth 1860, Ballarat 1864. Secretary-treasurer Ballarat Cemetery Trust from 1878; registrar Ballarat School of Mines and Industries 1872-81, Life Governor, 1875.[ Ballarat and District Industrial Heritage Project , accessed 3 July 2021, baptism records]

BARNETT, William Frederick (1841-1879). Explorer. Born in Limehouse, Middlesex, England. Arrived Australia 1860; station hand on various properties in Vic, Qld; member and then leader of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition, 1865-7. Landlord Crown Hotel Bendigo. [ Gill (1987)]

BARRETT, James William (1862-1945). Ophthalmologist. Born Melbourne, Vic; studied University of Melbourne, MB 1880, ChB 1882, MD 1887, ChM, 1888. Taught at King’s College London, and Moorfields Ophthalmic Hospital, c.1883-7; MRCS 1884 FRCS 1887. Private medical practice Melbourne 1886, lecturer in physiology 1897. War service with Australian Imperial Force and later Royal Army Medical Corps, 1914-8. Founder of Bush Nursing service in Victoria. Vice-Chancellor University of Melbourne 1931, Chancellor 1935-9. CMG 1911, KBE 1918. [ ADB ]

BARRETT, William fl 1868-70. Municipal clerk. No further information found.

BARROETA CORBALÁN, Gregorio (1831-1906). Surgeon and naturalist. Born San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Educated at Mexico’s National School of Medicine, graduated 1861; practised as surgeon at San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Director of natural history museum, San Luis Potosi from 1879; collected plants of the region; sent specimens to Asa Gray, commemorated in Gray’s genus Barroetea. [ Cronologías San Luis Potosí ]

BARROW, Isaac [Richard Souton] Le Pipre (c.1822-1904). Civil servant, grazier. Born London, England. Arrived NSW c.1835; to Victoria c.1852. Public Service clerk, audit office: temporary 1857, permanent 1858-c.1880. Grazier near Yarragon, Vic; magistrate, 1885. [Victoria Blue Books; will: PROV VPRS 7591, P.2, unit 358, 89/944; Vic death certificate 1131/1904]

BARROW, John Henry (1817-1874). Clergyman, journalist, politician. Born Tower Hamlets, London. Congregational minister; to SA 1853; resigned ministry when elected MLA 1858. MLC 1861-71; Mayor of Unley, 1871; further term as MLA 1872-4, treasurer and leader of the house; established and edited South Australian advertiser and associated newspapers. [ ADB ]

BARRY, John O’Brien Milner (1815-1881). Physician. Born Cork, Ireland; Educated Paris, Edinburgh MD 1837, LRCSE 1838; MRCP 1859, FRCP 1876. In medical practice Wales 1839-42, Totnes, Devon 1844-51, Tunbridge Wells, Kent 1852-81. [ British Medical Journal , 1 October 1881, p. 576]

BARRY, Redmond (1813-1880). Judge. Born Ballyclough, County Cork, Ireland; Trinity College Dublin BA 1837, admitted Irish Bar 1838. Arrived Sydney 1839, admitted to the NSW Bar 1839; to Melbourne 1839, admitted to the Victorian Bar 1841; puisne judge Supreme Court of Victoria from 1852. Active in public affairs: Chancellor University of Melbourne 1853-80, founder of public library art gallery and museum, Fellow Royal Society of Victoria. Knighted 1860, KCMG, 1877. [ ADB ] Lysiosepalum barryanum.

BARTH, Heinrich (1821-1865). Explorer, ethnologist. Born Hamburg, Germany; studied Berlin, doctorate 1844. African exploration 1850-5; in London 1855-8 preparing travel volumes. Professor Berlin University from 1863. [ NDB ]

BARTLEMAN, George Joshua (1845-1922). Pharmacist, druggist, banker. Born Woolwich, Kent, England. Arrived Melbourne 1854; partner then sole proprietor pharmacy business Stawell, Vic c.1875-1906; actuary Savings Bank, Stawell c.1886, manager, Middle Brighton branch 1906. [Passenger lists; Victoria Government Gazette, various Australian newspapers.]

BARTON, Ethel Sarel [Married name GEPP 1902-] (1864-1922). Algologist. Born Hampton Court Green, Surrey, England. From 1889 worked in the Natural History Museum on cryptogamic botany, later also at Kew; published extensively on algae. [ Journal of Botany vol. 60, pp. 193-195.

BARTON, William Henry (c.1818-1888). Pastoralist. Born Kensington Gardens, London, England. Arrived Vic 1853, to Qld 1862, held a range of properties. [‘Another pioneer gone’, Queensland Figaro and Punch , 21 April 1888, p. 17]

BARWOOD, Eliza [Mrs James Edward, née Spratt] (1808-1901). Born Beccles, Suffolk, England. Arrived Melbourne 1850 with family; husband a candlemaker in Richmond, Vic. [Beccles Parish Register, passenger lists and various Victorian newspapers]

BARY, Heinrich Anton de (1831-1888). Mycologist. Born free city of Frankfurt am Main; studied medicine Heidelberg 1849, Marburg 1849-50, Berlin 1850-3. Professor of botany: Freiburg 1855-67, Halle 1867-72, Strassburg 1872-88. [ Hedwigia , vol. 27 (1888), pp. 77-86]

BASEDOW, Martin Peter Friedrich (1829-1902). Teacher, newspaper proprietor, politician. Born Dreckharburg, Hannover; taught near Hamburg. Arrived SA 1848, opened Lutheran school at Tanunda 1850-64; established Tanunda Deutsche Zeitung 1863, titled Australische Deutsche Zeitung from 1870, Australische Zeitung from 1875. Chairman, Tanunda district council, 1864-76; MLA 1876-90, MLC 1894-1900. Active in cultural affairs. [ ADB ]

BASSETT, William Frederick (1824-1910). Surgeon. Born London, England; schooled in Belgium and Germany; qualified in London MRCS 1849, LSA, 1850. Arrived Sydney, NSW 1851, appointed assistant surgeon lunatic asylum, Parramatta; private practice Parramatta c.1858; in practice Bathurst, NSW, from c. 1865; appointed to part-time posts of public vaccinator 1865, visiting surgeon Bathurst gaol and Government Medical Officer 1870. Lectured in chemistry and vice-president Bathurst School of Arts; member of Council, All Saints College, Bathurst. Magistrate from 1871. Stepfather of Henry Hubert Sutherland. [ ADB ]

BASTIAN, Adolf (1826-1905). Ethnologist. Born Bremen; qualified in medicine. Visited Australia as ship’s doctor 1851; research visits to India and East Asia, West Africa, Central and South America, central Asia. Founding Director, Berlin Museum of Ethnology 1868; lecturer in ethnology Berlin University 1869. [ N D B ]

BASTOW, Richard Austin (1839-1920). Architectural draughtsman, botanist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland. Arrived Tasmania 1884, City Engineer Hobart; Public Works Department Victoria 1888. Studied cryptogams. FLS 1885-9; member, Royal Society of Victoria, from 1888; Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria from 1888. [ Victorian naturalis t, vol. 37, p. 27; George (2009)]

BATE, Charles Spence (1819-1889). Dentist. Born near Truro, Cornwall, England; practiced Swansea 1841–51, then Plymouth. President British Dental Association 1883. Specialist in Crustacea. FRS 1861. [ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol. 46 (1889), pp. xli-xlii]

BATE, Mary Harriet [Married name GRIFFITHS 1886-] (1855-1951). Botanical collector. Born Sydney, NSW; collected specimens for Mueller in southern NSW 1881-6. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BATEMAN, Arthur Wigley (1844-1899). Surgeon. Born St Pancras, London, England; qualified LRCP, LRCS Edinburgh 1875. Registered medical practitioner, NSW 1878; advocate of artificial language ‘Volapuk’. [NSW Government Gazette, various Australian newspapers.]

BATEMAN, Edward La Trobe (1816-1897). Artist, architectural decorator, garden designer. Born Lower Wyke, Yorkshire, England. To Victoria 1852; to goldfields with William Howitt; designed numerous gardens in Victoria. Injured while working on the garden at Chatsworth, western Victoria, 1867; returned to the UK 1869; worked as landscape gardener for Marquess of Bute, Rothesay, Scotland. Cousin of Charles La Trobe [ ADB , Aitken & Looker (2002)]

BATES, Alfred Henry (c.1819-1873). Grazier. Born Leeds, Yorkshire, England. Arrived Tasmania c.1839, Victoria c.1845; held property near SA border after 1849, and other properties under mortgage in Victoria at death. [Probate records, Vic death certificate 9730/1873]

BATES, Henry Walter (1825-1892). Naturalist. Born Leicester, England. Accompanied Alfred Russel Wallace to the Amazon, South America, 1848, remaining until 1859 collecting specimens for sale. Assistant Secretary, Royal Geographical Society 1864-92; President Entomological Society 1868-9 and 1878. FLS 1871, FRS 1881. [ ODNB ]

BATHE, James (c.1816-1883). Physician, pastoralist. Born Broughton, Wiltshire, England. Arrived Tasmania 1838, Victoria 1839, Cape Town, South Africa, c.1860-2, Victoria from 1862. Held ‘Toomah’, on Toomuc Creek, near Packenham, Vic; active in horseracing. [ AMPI ; various Australian newspapers]

BATT, John [‘Jack’] David (1843-1919). Station hand. Born Guildford, WA. Briefly farmed at Tambellup, WA.; worked for John Muir, Eucla, c. 1873-93. [George (2009)] Templetonia battii, Helipterum battii, Eremophila battii.

BATTEN, George Henry Maxwell (1832-1910). Civil servant. Born Calcutta, Bengal, India. Joined Indian civil service 1852: various Government of India roles including Under-Secretary Finance Department, Secretary of the Department of Revenue and Agriculture, private secretary to Viceroy (Lord Lytton) 1876-80, retiring as commissioner of inland customs. [ The Times (London), 27 October 1910, p. 11]

BAUDIN, Nicolas Thomas (1754-1803). Naval officer, naturalist. Born St-Pierre-de-Ré, France; French Navy, 1774. Collected natural history specimens Indian Ocean 1792, West Indies, 1796; leader of French cartographic survey Australia 1800-3, including François Péron and Louis-Claude Desaulses de Freycinet. [ ADB ]

BAUDINET, Louisa Isabella Chaulk (Lucy) (1825-1901). Collector. Born London, England. With family to WA 1829, Tasmania 1831. Collected plants, especially algae, on Tasmanian islands where father and brother were light keepers. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BAUER, Ferdinand Lucas [Lukas] (1760-1826). Botanical illustrator and collector. Born Feldsberg, Austria (now Valtice, Czech Republic). Travelled to Greece with Sibthop and illustrated resulting Flora (Sibthorp (1806-40)); accompanied Mathew Flinders as botanical draughtsman to Australia 1801-3, collected in his own right at Norfolk Island, 1804-5; settled in Vienna. Brother of Franz Andreas Bauer. ( ADB )

BAUER, Franz Andreas (1758-1840). Botanical artist, microscopist. Born Feldsberg, Austria (now Valtice, Czech Republic). IIllustrated works by Jacquin in Vienna. To London 1788, employed as botanical illustrator at Kew Gardens from 1790. FLS 1804, FRS 1821. Brother of Ferdinand Lucas Bauer. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , 1841, pp. 101-4]

BAUER, Sophie Wilhelmine Eleanore (Ellie) [Married name CLAYDON from 1888] (1863-1943). Collector. Born Qld, daughter of sugar planter. Collected plants, including algae, near Bloomfield River 1884-6, Mackay 1884, Cooktown 1887. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BÄUERLEN [BAEUERLEN], Leonhard Carl Wilhelm [William] (1840-1917). Botanical collector. Born Niedernhall, Württemberg, Germany; left Germany 1863, but Australian arrival uncertain. Botanical collector for Mueller 1883-c.1888, Bonito expedition to New Guinea, 1885, for J. H. Maiden 1888-?. NSW public service (Technological Museum), 1890–1905. [George (2009), NSW death certificate 13990/1917 (estranged widow’s corrections suggest age 72, not 77 as originally stated; NSW public service list also gives 1845 as birth date); Wilson (1990) cites birth records as 1840] Correa bauerlenii, Dendrobium baeuerlenii, Habenaria bauerlenii Eucalyptus baeuerleni, Eugenia baeuerlenii, Haloragis baeuerlenii.

BAUHIN, Caspar [Kasper, Gaspard] (1560-1624). Anatomist, botanist. Born Basel, Switzerland; educated Basel, Padua, Bologna, Paris. Held Professorships at Basel, in Greek 1582, botany and anatomy 1588. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BAXTER, John (1799-1841). Convict. Born Comber, County Down, Ireland. Convicted of receiving stolen property 1826, arrived Sydney 1827, ticket of leave 1831, certificate of freedom 1833. Overseer for Edward John Eyre; killed by members of Eyer’s East-West exploration party c.340 km west of Eucla. [Convict records; Eyre (1845), vol. 1]

BAXTER, William (1787-1871). Gardener. Born Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Curator, Oxford Botanic Garden 1813-51; specialist cryptogamic botanist. ALS 1817. [ Gardeners’ Chronicle , 4 November 1871, pp. 1426-27]

BAXTER, William (1811-1876). Clergyman, school master. Born Dublin, Ireland. Educated Trinity College Dublin BA 1837; MA Cambridge 1845. Church of England clergyman: deacon 1839, priest 1841, curate Ashburton, Devon 1839, incumbent Fyfield, Hampshire 1851-4; assistant master, Cheltenham College, Gloucestershire, England 1841-51. In Victoria by January 1856 when advertised private tutoring classes; elected member of Philosophical Institute of Victoria; active in Mechanics’ Institute teaching from 1856; lived at Kew, Melbourne until 1859; headmaster Richmond and East Melbourne Grammar School, c.1856-8, vice-principal Melbourne Grammar School 1858-65; general licence to preach 1858-66. [ http://anglicanhistory.org/aus/cci/index.pdf ; Vic death certificate 2430/1876; various Victorian newspapers]

BAXTER, William (fl 1820s-1830s] Botanical collector. Gardener for Comtesse de Vandes, Bayswater, London, England. Collected in Australia for clients including F. Henchman, J. B. Mackay; dated specimens from 1821 to 1830 extant. [Sweet (1827-8), passim; Barker & Barker (1990), pp. 55-56]

BAYER, Friedrich Karl [Frederick Charles] (c.1815-1867). Physician. Born Munich, Bavaria, Germany; educated Erlangen. To SA 1847, established medical practice. Nephew of Carl von Martius. [ Loyau (1885), pp. 228-9]

BEACHAM, John Crispin (1813-1885). Wood and ivory turner. Born Bristol, England. Arrived Melbourne 1855, settled in Richmond, with business in Russell Street, Melbourne; active lay member of St Matthias’s Church, Richmond. [Victoria Probate VPRS 28/ P2 unit 185, item 30/218; various Victorian newspapers]

BEAL, Amy [née MURCH] (c.1827-1925). Pastoralist. Born Crediton, Devon, England. In Victoria by 1855 when married Charles Beal of ‘Mount Gellibrand’ sheep station Winchelsea, Vic 1853-60; later lived at Birregurra and Lorne. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BEALE, Octavius Charles (1850-1930). Piano manufacturer. Born Mountmellick, Queens County, Ireland. Arrived Hobart Town, Tas 1854; joined Melbourne hardware firm c.1866, established NZ branch c.1873; Sydney from c.1884 in own piano and sewing-machine import business, established piano factory 1893.[ ADB ]

BEAMISH, Peter Teulon (1824-1914). Anglican clergyman. Born Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Dublin BA 1846, LLD 1871. Arrived Sydney, NSW 1847, ordained deacon, ministered Dapto, Kiama, NSW; Melbourne, Vic, ordained priest, served in Warrnambool and surrounding district, archdeacon 1878-95, commissary Ballarat diocese 1881; General license to preach, Melbourne 1895. [ http://anglicanhistory.org/aus/cci/index.pdf ; Argus (Melbourne), 21 August 1914, p. 9]

BEAUFORT, Francis (1774-1857). British naval officer and hydrographer. Born Nathan, County Meath, Ireland. Merchant navy 1789; Royal Navy 1790; saw action in various theatres; commanded surveys Rio Plate, eastern Mediterranean; hydrographer of the Navy 1829-55; rear Admiral (retired list) 1846. Devised Beaufort scale of wind strength 1805, adopted officially1830. FRS 1814, FRAS 1829, Member Royal Irish Academy 1832, a founder of RGS. KCB 1848. [ ODNB ]

BEAUVOIR, Ludovic, Marquis HÉBERT DE (1846-1929). Traveller, diplomat. Born in Brussels, Belgium. Published account of world tour 1865-7, including Australia 1866. Served in Franco-Prussian war; Chef du service d’honneur du comte de Paris. [Bibliothèque nationale de France author list]

BEAVER, Francis Edis (1824-1887). Auctioneer and agent, politician. Born Kennington, Surrey, England. Arrived Sydney 1833, Melbourne 1840; MLC Belfast and Warrnambool 1854-6, MLA Belfast 1856-9, MLC North Yarra 1882-7; JP; member council Borough of Northcote, mayor; active in public affairs, member Wesleyan church Board of Advice, member YMCA, president 1887. [Thomson & Serle (1972), p. 12; Argus (Melbourne), 10 October 1887, p. 8]

BECCARI, Odoardo (1843-1920). Naturalist, traveller. Born Florence, Italy; graduated natural sciences Bologna 1864. Collected Borneo 1865-8; collected Red Sea when accompanied expedition that purchased Assab (in present Eritrea) as an Italian colony; to New Guinea with d’Albertis 1871, and later alone to 1878, also collecting Malay archipelago. Director Florence Botanical Institute and Museum, founder of Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano. Foreign Member, Linnean Society of London, 1883. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ; Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , 1921-22, pp. 37-40]. Kentia beccarii, Myrtella beccarii.

BECHSTEIN, Johann Matthäus (1757-1822). Forester, ornithologist. Born Waltershausen, Gotha, Germany; Studied theology Jena 1776-81; taught natural history in Schnepfenthal 1784-94; founded forest school Waltershausen 1794; Director Forstakademie Dreissigacker 1801-22. Active ornithologist, influencing C. L. Brehm. [ Deutsche biographie ]

BECK VON MANNAGETTA UND LERCHENAU, Günther (1856-1931). Botanist. Born Pressburg, Hungary (now Bratislava, Slovakia); PhD Vienna 1878. Vienna Naturhistorisches Museum, head of botany 1885-9, curator 1889; University of Vienna, Privatdozent 1894, Associate Professor 1895; German University of Prague, professor of systematic botany and head of botanical garden, 1899-1921; editor Wiener Illustrierte Garten-Zeitung . [ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ]

BECKER, Benjamin Christopher Simon Albert (c.1768-184(4?)). Pharmacist. Dispenser at, then from 1818 owner of Einhorn Rats-Apotheke at Husum, Schleswig-Holstein. Uncle of Ernst Gustav Eduard Becker. [Husum marriage certificate 7 July 1797, Schleswig-Holstein Census 1835; note that other sources have different details of the given names, e.g. Articus (1981), p. 25; Klatt (1998)].

BECKER, Ernst Ferdinand Vollrad (1826-1888). Librarian and photographer. Born Darmstadt, student of physical chemistry with von Liebig. Private secretary and librarian to Prince Albert, UK, 1851-9; treasurer to Alice, Princess Louis of Hesse, wife of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse, from 1862. Founding member of Photographic Society of London, 1853, tutored royal children in photography. Brother of Ludwig Becker. [ Stadtlexikon Darmstadt ; Royal Collection Trust (both accessed 22 July 2021); ADB].

BECKER, Ernst Gustav Eduard (1801-1870). Pharmacist. Dispenser at, then 1844-53 owner of Einhorn Rats-Apotheke at Husum, Schleswig-Holstein; later in Berlin living on private means. Nephew of B. C. S. A. Becker. [Articus (1981), p. 25, which does not include ‘Eduard’; Klatt (1998); Schleswig-Holstein Census 1835; burial records, Evangelische Kirche, Sankt Johanniskirche Moabit Berlin]. Hovea beckeri, Trichinium beckerianum.

BECKER, Ludwig (1808-1861), Artist, explorer, naturalist. Born Offenbach, Germany. Arrived Van Diemen’s Land 1851; Bendigo, Vic, 1852-4. Member Victoria Society of Fine Arts, Philosophical Institute of Victoria, German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein). Illustrated works for Frederick McCoy and Mueller. Artist, naturalist and geologist, Burke and Wills Exploring Expedition, 1860-1. Often addressed with the courtesy title ‘Dr’. Brother of Ernst Ferdinand Vollrad Becker [ ADB ; Darragh (1994a)]. Eremophila beckeri.

BECKER, Philipp Carl Ferdinand (c.1821-1869). Carpenter. Born Homburg, Hesse, Germany. In SA before c.1848; naturalized before c.1851; in Victoria c.1851, certainly by 1853. [Vic death certificate 9831/1869]

BECKETT, Thomas Wrench Naylor (1839-1906). Planter, orchardist, bryologist. Born Liverpool, Lancashire, England. Coffee planter Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) c. mid 1860s to late 1870s; collecting plants 1882-3. Arrived NZ 1883, established orchard; collected lichens and moss around Canterbury, West Coast and Nelson districts; FLS 1865, member Philosophical Institute of Canterbury 1887. [Godley (1967), pp. 250-51; Desmond]

BECKLER, Carl Theodor (1829-?). Teacher. Born Höchstädt an der Donau, Bavaria. Was teaching natural science, chemistry and geography at Nördling Gewerbe, 1870. Brother of Hermann Beckler. [Höchstädt parish birth records]

BECKLER, Hermann (1828-1914). Physician, professional natural history collector. Born Höchstädt an der Donau, Bavaria; graduated medicine Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich 1855. Arrived Moreton Bay (now Brisbane) Qld as ship’s doctor 1856; Herbarium assistant, then collector in NSW, for Mueller 1859-60; medical officer and botanist, Burke and Wills Exploring Expedition, 1860-1. To Germany 1862; in medical practice in Bavaria. [ Darragh (2017)] Aster beckleri, Cleisostoma beckleri, Dendrobium beckleri, Eriostemon beckleri, Eurybia beckleri, Helichrysum beckleri, Hibiscus beckleri, Myrtus beckleri, Ozothamnus becklarii, Streptothamnus beckleri.

BECKX, Gustave Jean Baptiste (1820-1902). Consul, businessman. Born Leuven, Belgium. Arrived Melbourne 1854; shipping and general agent; fertiliser importer; orchard and vineyard owner Sunbury. Belgian consular representative: vice-consul 1854, consul by 1856, consul-general 1872-96. Commander of the Order of Leopold before 1880, Knight Commander 1896. [Various issues Victoria Government Gazette and Australian newspapers]

BEDDOME, Richard Henry (1830-1911). Army officer. Born Clapham, Surrey, England. Entered Indian Army in 1848: Captain 1861, Major 1868, Lieutenant-Colonel 1874, Colonel 1879; retired 1881. Indian Forestry Department: chief assistant 1857, conservator 1860-82. FLS 1882. [Hart’s army lists, 1875, 1909; Proceedings of the Linnean Society , 1910-11, pp. 32-4]

BEDFORD, John (1834-1889). Draftsman, land inspector. Born Selby, Yorkshire, England; in Victoria by 1861. Victorian civil service: Postmaster-General Department: postmaster, Mt Pollock, 1882; Lands &c Department: draughtsman 1864, inspector Lands and Agriculture 1881, inspector Lands and Survey 1884. [Victoria Blue books]

BEDFORD, Seventh Duke: see Francis RUSSELL.

BEER, Joseph (sometimes Johann) Georg (1803-1873). Businessman, botanist. Born Vienna, Austria; relinquished family fashion goods business 1843. Self-taught botanist and horticulturalist; general secretary Imperial Royal Horticultural Society (Kaiserlich königliche gartenbau Gesellschaft), Vienna, 1859-66; Imperial councillor; member Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie Der Naturforscher 1860 [ Leopoldina , vol. 8, p. 51 (1872-3)]

BEER, Samuel de (c.1818-1894). Ship commission agent and broker. Born Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany. Arrived Melbourne c.1852; shipping and commission agent and broker by 1854; active in Jewish affairs and philanthropy. [ Jewish herald , 28 December 1894, p. 9; various Australian newspapers]

BEGG, Adam (1812-1898). Agriculturalist. Born Straiton, Ayrshire, Scotland. Arrived Dunedin, NZ, 1848, settled and farmed at Anderson’s Bay. Active in civic affairs. [ Otago daily times, 19 August 1998, p. 3]

BEHM, Ernst (1830-1884). Editor, geographer. Born Gotha, Germany; studied medicine Jena, Berlin and Würzburg; graduated 1853. Became interested in geography, joined Perthes’s Geographical Institute in Gotha 1856; assisted Augustus Heinrich Petermann with Geographischen Mitteilungen, manager after Petermann died 1878; founded Geographische Jahrbuch 1866. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BEHN, Wilhelm Friedrich Georg (1808-1878). Anatomist and zoologist. Born Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein; studied medicine Göttingen and Kiel, licenced 1832; continued studies Berlin and Paris. Director Kiel University anatomical theatre and zoological museum; participated in Galathea expedition 1845-8. Supported separation of the Schleswig-Holstein duchies from Denmark, but opposed incorporation into Prussia; retired and left Kiel 1867. As President Leopoldina 1870-8, reformed and revitalized the society. [ Leopoldina , vol. 14 (1878), pp. 68-71]

BEHR, Hans Hermann (1818-1904). Physician, entomologist, botanist. Born Anhalt-Köthen, Confederation of the Rhine, Germany; studied medicine and natural sciences Halle, Würzburg, MD Berlin 1843. Visited South Australia 1844-5 (home via Java), and 1848-9, thence via Phillipines to San Francisco USA c.1851. Wrote on entomology and botany; professor of botany California College of Pharmacy, San Francisco 1872-94. California Academy of Sciences, vice president 1895, curator of entomology, 1898. [Kraehenbuehl (1981), Legge (1853)] Abutilon behrianum, Aristida behriana, Baeckea behrii , Eremophila behrii, Eriochlamys behrii, Eucalyptus behriana, Lasiopetalum behrii, Pholidia behriana, Senecio behrianus, Trymalium behrii.

BEILBY, John Wood (1818-1903). Grazier, general agent. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; arrived Port Phillip District 1841. Grazing interests in western Victoria, Mornington Peninsula, West Gippsland; serial insolvent, last discharged 1871. applied unsuccessfully for leadership Victorian Exploring Expedition 1860. Insurance and land agent Brighton, Beechworth from c.1883; pursued claim to having discovered gold 1851, granted £1 per week 1900; prolific pamphleteer. [Various issues Victoria Government Gazette, Victorian newspapers, including Australasian , 6 June 1936, p. 4; Ovens and Murray advertiser , 18 July 1903, p. 3]

BEISSEL, Charles [Carl Friedrich Theodor] (1837-1909). Businessman. Born Zarrentin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany. Arrived Victoria c.1850, settled in Richmond. JP. Son of Gottlieb Jacob Christop Beissel. [ Richmond guardian , 26 June 1919, p. 3]

BEISSEL, Gottlieb Jacob Christop (1812-1886). Businessman. Born Rehna, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany. Arrived Victoria c.1850; to Dunedin, NZ, 1861. Hairdresser, bath-house proprietor, glue maker. In Hong Kong at death. Father of Charles Beissel. [UK, Registers of births, marriages and deaths from British Consulates, Hong Kong; various Australian and NZ newspapers]

BELBRIDGE, William Charles (1827-1892). Printer. Born Parramatta, NSW. Apprenticed at Sydney Morning Herald. Managed Argus (Melbourne); Courier (Brisbane); Queensland Government Printer, 1862-7; Queensland Daily Guardian; started Queensland Express 1869 which failed; roles within Sydney Morning Herald group.[ Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser , 18 June 1892, p. 1384; Brisbane Courier , 15 June 1892, p. 3]

BELCHER, Edward (1799-1887) British naval officer. Born Halifax, Nova Scotia; entered Royal Navy 1812, Lieutenant 1818, Commander 1829, Admiral 1872; commanded survey expeditions West Africa, 1830-3, North and South America, Pacific Islands 1836-42, China 1842-7; Arctic expedition searching for John Franklin 1852. KCB 1867. [ ODNB ]

BELCHER, George Frederick (1823-1909). Civil servant, broker, politician. Born Dublin, Ireland. Arrived Melbourne 1839, cattle drover and other pastoral pursuits; civil servant, Treasury 1846-52, sub-treasurer, land officer, Geelong 1854-69; financial broker and land agent, Geelong from 1869. Vice-consul at Geelong for Norway and Sweden 1872, Denmark 1881; member Legislative Council 1875-86. [ ADB ]

BELGRAVE, Thomas Bowerman (c.1831-1907). Medical practitioner. Qualified LSA 1858, MRCS 1858, MD Edinburgh 1864; to Australia as surgeon superintendent on Hesperus. On medical registers: Vic 1874, NSW 1874, WA ?; practised in NSW: Sydney, Broken Hill; WA from 1898: in Kalgoorlie, Nannine, Marble Bar, Wyndham, Sharks Bay. Magistrate in Broken Hill, Wyndham. Foundation member Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. [AMPI; various Australian newspapers; England census 1861] Eupomatia belgraveana.

BELINFANTE, Solomon Raphael (1813-1884). Commercial broker. Born in Jamaica. Arrived Melbourne 1854; merchant, commercial agent. [Births of the Sephardic Congregation, Kingston, Jamaica; various Victorian newspapers]

BELL, Edward (1813-1871). Squatter, civil servant, insurance agent. Born Bombay, India. Overlanded cattle from Sydney to Melbourne 1839, 1841; held successive pastoral runs 1841-?. Magistrate in Port Phillip District 1842. Commissioner for Crown Lands: Wimmera district 1852, County of Bourke 1854. Immigration and emigration agent for Victoria 1854. Paris Exhibition Commissioner 1854. Returned to London 1857 in expectation of being appointed to Immigration Office, but enabling Bill rejected by Legislative Council; compensated for loss of office 1862. Secretary Melbourne Club; insurance company managing director. [Bell autograph manuscripts, State Library of Victoria; various issues Victoria Government Gazette, various issues Victorian newspapers]

BELL, Francis (1821-1879). Civil engineer. Born in Belfast, Ireland; employed UK railway, canal, docks and water supply engineering from c.1837. To Melbourne 1853. Engineering projects: Vic 1853-6, 1858-71; NSW: railway works 1856-8. Sydney City Engineer from 1871. Member Philosophical Institute/Royal Society of Victoria, Philosophical Society of New South Wales. [ Australian Town and Country Journal , 13 September 1879, p. 17, various Australian newspapers]

BELL, George (1837-1929) Civil servant. Born Hull, Yorkshire, England. Arrived Melbourne 1852. Appointed shorthand writer to the Victorian Government 1857; retired as chief clerk, Chief Secretary’s Office 1894. [ Herald (Melbourne), 14 June 1929, p. 7; Victoria Blue Books].

BELL, Thomas (1792-1880). Dentist, zoologist. Born Poole, Dorset, England; practised as dental surgeon, London, FRCS 1844. Published on reptile anatomy, monograph on world turtles. FRS 1828, secretary 1848-53, vice-president 1853-4, 1858-60. FLS 1815, president 1853-61; professor of zoology King’s College London 1836; retired 1866 to Selborne, Hampshire writing on its birds and plants. [ Nature , 25 March 1880, pp. 499-500]

BELMORE, Fourth Earl. See LOWRY-CORRY, Somerset Richard.

BELOOCH, See KHAN, Baluch.

BENARY, Ernst Samuel (1820-1893). Nurseryman and horticulturalist. Born Cassel, Hesse, Germany. Apprenticed 1835-8, established nursery business in Efurt, 1843, after a short period in England; succeeded by his sons. [ Gartenflora , vol. 42 (1893), pp. 225-7]

BENEKE, Friedrich Wilhelm (1824-1882). Anatomical pathologist. Born Celle, Hanover; studied medicine Göttingen, MD 1846; practised Celle, London, Hanover 1846-7. Counsellor at Court of Hesse, 1857. Marburg pathological institute: docent 1858, extraordinary professor 1863, professor and director from 1867; President Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesammten Naturwissenschaften in Marburg (Marburg Society for the Promotion of all the Natural Sciences). [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BENN, John (1821-1895). Businessman. Born Corney, Cumberland, England. To Port Phillip District, 1849; wholesale tea and sugar dealer, Melbourne, from 1856; chaired boards of many companies; stud cattle breeder at Mount Derrimut and Balnarring, had pastoral interests NSW, NZ. [ ADB ]

BENNET, David (1830-1915). Engineer, union official. Born Dundee, Scotland; to Melbourne 1856. Active in trade union affairs: secretary, Amalgamated Society of Engineers 1865; president, Eight Hours Committee 1866-71, 1874-9, secretary 1880. Trades Hall Council, Victoria: secretary1888; president 1895; nominated Trustee of Friendly Societies’ Gardens, formerly the North Botanical Reserve, 1869. [ ADB ]

BENNETT, Alfred William (1933-1902). Botanist, publisher. Born Clapham, Surrey, England; University College London BA 1863, BSc 1868. Bookseller and publisher 1858-68; lecturer in botany Bedford College and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London 1868-96; biological sub-editor Nature 1870-4. FLS 1868, Fellow Royal Microscopical Society 1879. [ ODNB ]

BENNETT, Arthur (1843-1929). Builder and house decorator, botanist. Born Croydon, Surrey, England; entered family building firm, became proprietor. Active botanist, specialist on Potamogeton and Cyperaceae. [Desmond]

BENNETT, Charles [fourth Earl of Tankerville] (1743-1822). Landowner. Born in London; country seat at Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Cricket patron. His wife, Emma, was a notable collector of exotic plants. [ ODNB ; Stone & Cribb (2017)]

BENNETT, George (1804-1893). Medical practitioner and naturalist. Born Plymouth, England; MRCS 1828, FRCS 1859, MD Glasgow 1859. Travelled widely in Pacific including Australia 1828-35. FLS 1831, CMZSL 1832. Settled in Sydney 1836, practised medicine. Very active in scientific affairs: Acclimatisation Society (Secretary 1863-71), Zoological Society (President 1882), University of Sydney, Sydney Botanic Gardens, foundation secretary Australian Museum (1836-41, trustee 1853). Gold Medal Royal College of Surgeons 1834, Clarke Medal 1890. Elected to many European scientific societies. [ ADB ; Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows ] Eupomatia bennetti, Macuna bennettii.

BENNETT, George (c.1804-1879). Born Scotland; arrived Vic c.1855. Town clerk, East Collingwood 1865-70, JP 1872. [ Herald (Melbourne), 15 October 1879, p. 2; Vic death certificate 11560/1879]

BENNETT, John Joseph (1801-1876). Botanist. Born Tottenham, Middlesex, England; surgeon 1825. British Museum: assistant to Robert Brown (1773-1858) 1827, Assistant Keeper, later Keeper of botany 1841-70. FLS 1828, secretary 1840-60, vice-president 1860-72; FRS 1841. [ ODNB ]

BENNETT, Kenric Harold [sometimes given as Kenrick or Ken] (1835-1891). Grazing property manager, naturalist, ornithologist. Born Hobart Town, Tasmania; bushman in Gippsland, Vic before 1861; in Riverina NSW by 1867: property manager; JP 1880. Rabbit Act inspector 1884; FLS NSW, 1880; FLS 1887; collected and wrote upon range of material, especially birds’ eggs and nests, Aboriginal weapons. [Proceedings of Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1892, vol. 16, p. 707; probate notice; various Australian newspapers]

BENNETT, Muriel Mary [Married name Worster 1919- ] (1880-1958). Nurse. Born South Yarra, Vic; educated Sale, Vic. Army nurse, India, First World War; friend of May and Lilian Wise. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BENT, Thomas (1838-1909). Politician and land speculator. Born Penrith, NSW; to Melbourne, Vic 1849 with family; ran market garden c.1859-61. MLA 1871-94, 1900-09: Commissioner of Railways 1881-3; Speaker 1892-4, Minister of Railways 1902-3; Premier and Treasurer 1904-9. Simultaneously mayor of Brighton and chairman of Moorabbin councils 1884-5, 1887-8. Land speculator, lost heavily in 1890s depression. Farmed at Port Fairy. [ A D B ]

BENTHAM, George (1800-1884). Botanist. Born Stoke, Plymouth, England; brought up in Russia and France; studied law, London 1820s; wrote on logic; studied botany as an avocation; lived on private means. Full-time botanist from c. 1833; moved private herbarium and library to Kew 1854; FLS 1826, President 1861-74, FRHS, Secretary 1829-40; FRS 1862; Royal Medal 1859, LLD (Cambridge) 1874, CMG 1878, Clarke Medal 1879. Nephew of Jeremy Bentham [ ODNB ] Aster benthami, Eriostemon benthami, Geissois benthamiana, Hibbertia benthami, Lobelia benthami, Pultenaea benthami, Randia benthamiana, Schoenus benthami, Vigna benthamii.

BENTHAM, Jeremy (1748-1832). Philosopher, jurist, and reformer. Born London, England; graduate BA Oxford 1764; barrister Lincoln’s Inn 1769, but not active in practice; utilitarian legal philosopher, social and political reformer. Uncle of George Bentham. [ ODNB ]

BENTLEY, Robert (1821-1893). Pharmacognosist, botanist. Born Hitchen, Hertfordshire, England. Apprenticed druggist Tunbridge Wells; assistant chemist Bell & Co. London; Associate Pharmaceutical Society on its formation; studied medicine King’s College London, MRCS 1847. Lecturer in botany Middlesex Hospital; professor of botany Pharmaceutical Society 1849 and of materia medica 1851; professor of botany King’s College London 1851. Pioneer of pharmacognosy. FLS 1849. [ ODNB ]

BERG, Achille (1832-1875). Colonial surgeon. Born Saint-Benoît, La Réunion; qualified medicine, Paris, France 1860. Naval surgeon Senegal and Cayenne; superintendent Colonial Hospital, Saint Denis, Réunion. Published on leprosy, botany and entomology. Founding secretary general, Société d’Acclimatation et d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Ile de la Réunion. [ Wikipédia, accessed 18 August 2021, various French journals]

BERG, O.(?) von (f. 1890s). Surgeon. Surgeon in the Russian Navy; sailed on leave as ship’s surgeon Solingen 1892, to Sydney, calling at Adelaide and Melbourne, studying Australian natural history; attended meeting of Linnean Society of NSW, 30 November 1892; practised medicine in Sydney, summer 1892-3. [Various Australian newspapers, including Sydney Morning Herald, 9 September 1892, p. 4, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 December 1892, p. 8]

BERG, Otto Carl (1815-1866). Botanist, pharmacognosist. Born Stettin, Pomerania; trained as pharmacist Demmin; doctorate Berlin 1848. Professor at Berlin from 1862, treated pharmacognosy as independent subject. Worked on South American flora; specialist in Myrtaceae. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BERGGREN, Sven (1837-1917). Botanist, explorer, polar researcher. Born Hör, Sweden; graduated DrPhil, Lund, 1865. Lecturer in botany 1866, extraordinary professor of botany: Uppsala 1881, Lund, 1883; regular professor Lund 1889-1902. Expeditions to Spitsbergen 1868, Greenland 1870; botanical studies in Australia, NZ, Pacific, California 1873-5; specialist bryologist. Honorary member New Zealand Institute 1876. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

BERGIUS, Peter Jonas (1730-1790). Physician and botanist. Born Erikstad, Sweden; pupil of Linnaeus, graduated DrPhil Uppsala 1754. Medical practice Stockholm, instituted epidemiological studies. Professor of natural history and pharmacy Collegium medicum, Stockholm from 1766; endowment to Swedish Academy of Science helped create Bergianska Trädgården in Stockholm. [ Wittrock (1890); Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

BERKELEY, Miles Joseph (1803–1899). Clergyman, mycologist. Born Oundle, Northamptonshire, England; Cambridge BA 1825. Ordained priest 1827; curate and priest several parishes, finally vicar Sibbertoft, Northamptonshire 1868-86. Expert in mycology and phytopathology. Royal Medal 1863, FLS 1836, FRS 1879, Fellow RHS and editor Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1866-77. [ ODNB ]

BERNARD, Claude (1813-1878). Experimental physiologist. Born Saint Julien near Villefranche, France; studied medicine Hôtel-Dieu, Paris. Professor of physiology: Collège de France 1855, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 1868. Member Académie des sciences, 1854; Académie française 1868; FRS 1864, Copley Medal 1876. Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, 1849. Originator of concept that came to be called homeostasis. [CTHS, Annu a ire prosopographique: la France savant e]

BERNARDIN, [religious name of Joannes Jacobus DE WAELE] (1817-1889). Priest and teacher. Born Bruges, Belgium. Joined Josephite Fathers, 1838; professor at Josephite College, Melle, Belgium, from 1847; founding director of the college’s museum. [Groenen (1994), pp. 414-5]

BERNAYS, Albert James (1823-1892). Chemist. Born Saint Pancras, London, England; PhD student of Justus Liebig, Giessen. Analyst at Derby, England, 1852; lecturer in chemistry, St Mary’s Hospital, London, 1855-60; lecturer/professor of chemistry, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, 1860-92. Public analyst to various bodies. Brother of Lewis Adolphus BERNAYS; father of Sidney Adolphus Bernays. [ ODNB ]

BERNAYS, Lewis Adolphus (1831-1908). Public servant. Born in London, England; educated King’s College London. Sheep farming NZ 1850. To Sydney, 1852, junior public servant. Clerk of Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1860-1908. A founder of the Queensland Acclimatisation Society; FLS 1871 (withdrew 1890), RS Queensland. CMG, 1892. Brother of Albert James BERNAYS; uncle of Sidney Adolphus Bernays. ( ADB )

BERNAYS, Sidney Adolphus (1853-1903). Medical practitioner. Born Derby, Derbyshire, England; LSA, FRCS 1874. Arrived Melbourne 1879, opened medical practice in same year. Member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1881; surgeon and botanist New Guinea expedition led by Henry Charles EVERILL, 1885. Practice as oculist, Melbourne 1886; in general practice Drouin, Vic by 1888-92, shire health officer. To WA, May 1892, briefly advertised practice as ‘Oculist and Aurist’, Perth. To England, August 1892. Son of Albert James BERNAYS; nephew of Lewis Adolphus BERNAYS. [Various Australian and UK newspapers]

BERNDT, Adolphus Robert (1821-1868). Physician. Born Meseritz, Prussia; MD Göttingen, Melbourne (ad eundem gradum) 1859. Ship’s surgeon Previslav arrived Victoria 1850. Practised medicine Melbourne; Honorary Physician to Melbourne Benevolent Asylum; member German Club. To NZ 1862, registered October 1862, worked at Invercargill, from 1864 at Hokitika. [Evangelische Kirche Meseritz baptism record; AMPI; Wright-St Clair (2013), p. 54; various Australian and NZ newspapers]

BERNHARDI, Johann Jakob (1774-1850). Botanist. Born Erfurt, Prussia; studied at Erfurt University. Professor 1805, taught botany, zoology and mineralogy in medical faculty 1809-50, director Erfurt Botanic Garden 1795-1850. Editor of Allgemeines Teutsches Garten Magazin; plant anatomist. [ T L 2 ; Botanische Zeitung , Jahrg. 8, 1850, cols. 846-7; Deutsche Biographie ]

BERNSTORFF, Albrecht von (1809-1873). Diplomat. Born Dreilützow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin; studied in Göttingen and Berlin; entered Prussian civil service 1830: served in embassies at Hamburg, The Hague, Munich, Saint Petersburg, Paris where charge d’affaires 1842; ambassador to Bavaria 1845-48, Vienna 1848-c.51, Naples 1852-54, London 1854-61, 1862 –71, finally 1871-73 as ambassador of Emperor of Germany; brief periods in Prussian government. [ Deutsche Biog r aphie ]

BERRY, Andrew (1825-1905). Accountant. Born Heapey, Lancashire, England. Arrived Victoria c.1845, said to have been a chemist; in Ballarat area by 1869; secretary to a gold-mining company 1873. Ballarat School of Mines: caretaker and collector 1878; acting registrar, then registrar 1882-95. [Various Australian newspapers; Vic death certificate 11267/1905]

BERRY, Graham (1822-1904). Politician. Born London, England; arrived Victoria 1852. Storekeeper and wine and spirit merchant; secretary Prahran Reform League 1855; proprietor Collingwood Observer 1860, Geelong Register 1866; MLA 1861-5, 1869-86, 1892-7: Treasurer, 1871-2, 1891-4; Chief Secretary, 1875, 1877-80, 1883-6, Speaker, 1894-7; Agent General for Victoria, London 1886-91. [ ADB ]

BERTHELOT, Pierre Eugene Marcellin (1827–1907). Organic chemist, politician. Born Paris, France; professor of organic chemistry: École Supérieure de Pharmacie 1859, Collège de France 1865. Member Académie de Médecine 1863; Académie des Sciences 1873, Permanent Secretary 1889-1907. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London, 1877, Davy Medal 1883, Copley Medal 1900. Elected Académie Française 1900; inspector general of higher education 1876, senator 1881, Minister of Public Instruction 1886-7, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1895-6; Grand Cross of the Légion d’Honneur 1886. [ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, vol 80, 1908, pp. iii-x ]

BERTHOLD, Gottfried Dietrich Wilhelm (1854-1937). Botanist, algologist. Born Gahmen, Prussia; studied Würzburg 1874-7. Göttingen: DrPhil 1878, assistant Institute for Plant Physiology 1878-9, extraordinary professor 1885-7, professor and director of Institute for Plant Physiology 1887-1923; Assistant, Zoological station, Naples, Italy, 1879-81, 1884-6 [ T L 2 ]

BERTHON, Elizabeth de Crillon [‘Lily’] (1852-1946). Landscape painter. Born Inverleigh, Vic; to Aireys Inlet, Vic 1880 where she collected algae and fungi. [ Maroske & Va u ghan (2014)]

BERTHOUD, George Frederick (1856-1936). Horticulturist. Born Duneed, Vic; farmed with parents at Runnymede, Vic 1860-86; Qld 1886-8, Cowra NSW 1888-93 where collaborated with William Farrer on wheat breeding. To WA 1895, manager State Farm, Hamel 1898-1909; later experimented privately at Hamel. [George (2009); Western Mail (Perth, WA), 10 September 1936, p. 55), various Australian newspapers]

BERTRAND, Charles Eugène (1851-1917). Botanist, geologist, palaeobotanist. Born Paris, France; studied Sorbonne 1871-4, DrPhil 1874. Preparator, Sorbonne 1874-8. Science Faculty, Lille, from 1878; professor of botany, 1881-1917; elected correspondant, Académie des sciences, 1904 (botany section). [ Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences , vol. 165, pp. 521-4 (1917)]

BERTRAND, Joseph Louis François (1822-1900). Mathematician. Born Paris, France. École Polytechnique: graduated 1838, DSc 1839; staff member from 1844, professor 1856-95; Collège de France: deputy professor 1847, professor general physics and mathematics 1862-1900; École Normale Supérieure: professor of higher mathematics. Elected member Académie des Sciences 1856, President January-November 1874, Permanent Secretary 1874-1900. elected to Académie Française 1884; Legion d’Honneur: officer 1867, commander 1881. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London, 1875. [ Nature , vol. 61 (1900), pp. 614-6; CTHS, Annuaire prosopographique: la France savante ]

BERZELIUS, Jöns Jacob (1779-1848). Chemist. Born Väversunda, Sweden; studied medicine Uppsala 1796-1801, practised near Stockholm. Karolinska institute: professor in chemistry and pharmacy, 1807. Member Swedish Academy of Science 1808, secretary 1818-1848. Royal Society of London: Foreign Member 1813, Copley Medal 1836. American Philosophical Society, 1820. Elevated to Baron (Friherre) 1835. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

BESSON, Joseph Pierre Auguste (1843-1938). Naval officer. Born Bourge-sur-Gironde, France. Joined French Navy 1860; junior officer Mexican, West African, Tunisian campaigns; commanded several vessels, including Dubourdieu, in the Pacific division, retired as Vice-Admiral. Légion d’Honneur: officer 1886, commander 1904, grand officer,1908. [ http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_besson_joseph.htm accessed 27 August 2021.]

BEST, Dudley Robert William (1844-1928). Naturalist and merchant. Born Needham Market, Suffolk, England. Arrived Vic 1850. Joined Melbourne wine and spirit merchant firm, partner 1866, retired as senior partner 1916. Collected insects; a founder Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1880, first honorary secretary, later treasurer and vice-president, 1891-3, honorary life member 1923. [ ADB ]

BEST, Johann Heinrich (1863-1961). Nurseryman, masseur. Born Darmstadt, Hesse. Arrived Victoria 1883; naturalised 1890. Associate Royal Society of Victoria 1890. [Victoria naturalization certificate 5013, 1890; various Australian newspapers]

BETCHE, Daniel Ludwig Ernst (1851-1913). Gardener, botanical collector, herbarium assistant. Born Governorate of Potsdam; worked in municipal gardens, Berlin; volunteer at nursery Ghent, Belgium 1874-6. Collected plants in Samoa and other Pacific islands 1880-1; collector for Sydney Botanic Garden, NSW, 1881-97; botanical assistant, Sydney, 1897-1913. Naturalized 1891. [ ADB ] Bulbophyllum betchei, Corysanthes betchei, Jasminum betchei, Oncinocalyx betchei.

BETTONI-CAZZAGO, Francesco (1835-1898). Writer and politician. Born Brescia, Italy. Studied law, University of Padua; Essayist, novelist and biographer. Provincial councillor Adro district 1875-1892; Mayor of Bressica 1895. Member Ateneo di Brescia 1874-98, President 1885-1889. [ Commentari dell’Ateneo di Brescia, per l’anno 1898, (1899) pp. 191-8; Encic l o pedia Bresci a na ]

BEURMANN, Karl Moritz von (1835-1863). Explorer. Born Governorate of Potsdam; attended Berlin engineering school. Military officer; resigned to explore Nubia and Abyssinia 1860; searched for Eduard VOGEL in eastern Sahara, 1861; killed by tribesmen 1863. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BEVAN, Theodore Francis (1860-1907). Explorer and journalist. Born in London, England. To NZ, 1882, then to Australia. New Guinea 1884-7: during several voyages exploring south-coast rivers, collected plants and ethnological objects; denied permission for large scale plantation in the deltas and wrote critically of government and missionaries. [ ADB ; Craig (2010)]

BEVERIDGE, Peter (1829-1885). Squatter, author. Born Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Arrived Port Phillip District 1839; with brothers established Tyntynder station near Swan Hill, Vic c.1845, living there until 1868. Wrote extensively on customs, dialects and myths of the Murray Valley Aboriginal populations. [ ADB ]

BIAGI, Giuseppe (fl. 1864-1900) Diplomat. Italian consul Melbourne 1864, consul-general 1867 responsible for Vic, SA, Tas, NZ; transferred to Mexico 1872; retired to Italy by 1882. Appointed as Chevalier Order of Saints Maurizio and Lazzaro 1865; published translation of Faust, 1900. [Various Australian newspapers]

BIBRA, Augustus William Charles Franz Ludwig (‘Francis Louis’, sometimes ‘Francis Lewis’) Ernest von (c.1818-1900). Pastoralist. Born Coburg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; to Tas with family 1822; educated England; failed attempt to settle Vic 1835; Tas civil servant; took up land 1854 northern Tas; to WA 1865 to join brother near Champion Bay, leased islands in Sharks Bay for pastoral purposes and to extract guano 1870s; floated gold mining company 1889; JP; to NSW c.1895. Brother of Carl Louis von Bibra. [‘Death of a Tasmanian pioneer’, Examiner (Launceston Tas) 4 September 1900, p. 5; other Australian newspapers]

BIBRA, Carl Louis [‘Charles’] von (1816-1879). Pastoralist. Born Corfu, United States of Ionian Islands (then British colony, now Greece); to Tas with family 1822; educated England; to WA 1840, initially in business in Perth, later establishing ‘Murchison House Station’ near Champion Bay. Brother of Augustus … Charles Franz …von Bibra [Various Australian newspapers]

BICKFORD, Ernest John (1861-1940). Businessman. Born Melbourne, Vic; worked in Melbourne and Sydney furniture business c.1880-94; to WA 1894, established furniture manufacture and sales business. Chairman, Chamber of Commerce; Perth city Councillor 1898-1901; JP 1900; bankrupt 1904; to NSW c.1906 manager of vacuum cleaner business; war service 1917-19; furniture exporter at death. FLS 1896; founder president Mueller Botanical Society, WA, 1897, member LS NSW 1911. Son of Nicholas Moysey Bickford. [Victoria Birth certificate 11847/1861; various Australian newspapers; War Service Records]

BICKFORD, Nicholas Moysey (1822-1901). Public servant. Born Modbury, Devon, England; arrived Port Philip 1844 as assisted immigrant; granted depasturing lease 1845, in partnership with J. B. Moysey. Appointed Crown Lands Bailiff 1857, Inspector of Bailiffs, overseer of parks and reserves 1872, retired 1891. Father of Ernest John Bickford [Passenger lists; various issues Victoria Government Gazette and Victorian newspapers]

BICKNELL, Frederick (1819-1914). Postmaster. Born Tooting, Surrey; to Australia c.1842; farmed at Yambuck near Port Fairy, Vic; contributed to Acclimatisation Society. To NZ 1864, joined Post Office Dunedin, Postmaster Oamura c.1867-81. Active member Oamura Horticultural Society. [ North Otago Times , 12 October 1914. p. 4; various Australian and NZ newspapers].

BIDDULPH, Harriette Sophia [neé FOOT, married Walter John Biddulph 1865] (1839-1940). Botanical collector and grazier. Born Durham, New South Wales; to Springsure district Central Queensland 1862; on properties managed by husband in Rockhampton district; their own property near Tambo, Qld 1878; moved to ‘Birtley’ west of Springsure 1903. Collected around Tambo and Carnarvon Range, supplying Mueller from 1890. [ Australian National Herbarium Biographical notes ; Maroske & Vaughan (2014).

BIDIE, George (1830-1913) Medical practitioner. Born Banffshire, Scotland; qualified MD Marischal College Aberdeen, LRCSE 1853; joined Indian Medical Service 1856, retiring as Surgeon General 1890. Superintendent Madras Museum 1870-72, wrote on natural history, economic products; Cinchona commission member 1873. Honorary Surgeon to Queen Victoria 1898. Order of the Crown of Italy 1872, CIE 1883. [ British Medical Journal , 1 March 1913]

BIDWILL, John Carne (1815-1853). Botanist. Born Exeter, Devon, England; to Sydney NSW 1838; sent by employers to NZ and Moreton Bay Qld, during which collected plants; returned to UK with plants for Kew 1841. Returned Sydney 1844, sent by employers to Tahiti 1845-46; Director Sydney botanic Gardens and government botanist 1847 but superseded by Charles Moore 1848. Commissioner of Crown Lands, Wide Bay where established a botanic garden at Tinana near present-day Maryborough Qld. [ ADB ]

BILLE, Torben de (1819-1883). Diplomat. Born Copenhagen, Denmark; studied in the universities of Berlin, then Heidelberg, LLD 1884. Secretary to Royal Commissioner of the Duchy of Schleswig 1849; secretary to negotiators of Danish-German treaty 1850; secretary to legations Berlin 1851, London 1852; consul General Washington USA 1854-57; resident Minister to Belgium and Netherlands 1857-60; envoy to London 1860, resigned 1864; maintained English residence after 1864 marriage. Honorary DCL Oxford 1863. [ Dansk Biografisk Leksikon ; Times (London) 18 May 1883, p. 6]

BINDER, Nicolaus (1785-1865). Lawyer. Born Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck; Doctor of Jurisprudence, Tübingen 1808. Hamburg: practised law from 1806; became Senator 1828, Mayor 1855. [Lübeck baptisms p. 271 1785 no. 53 May 13; Altonaer Nachrichten , 28 November 1865, p. 1; library catalogues]

BINDON, Samuel Henry (1812-1879). Judge, politician. Born Limerick, Ireland; LLB Dublin 1838; to Victoria, 1855 practised in county courts, acting judge 1859-61, judge 1869-79, (dismissed and then reinstated 1878). MLA 1864-68, Minister of Justice 1866-68. Chairman Technological Commission1869; trustee of the Public Library, Museum and National Gallery of Victoria, chairman of the Industrial and Technological Museums Committee; member of the Acclimatisation Society. [ ADB ]. Cylicodaphne bindoniana.

BIRCH, Charles Weldon [de Burgh] [Count Zelling] (1821-1894). Surveyor, explorer, natural history collector. Born Camberwell, England; arrived Sydney NSW with family 1829; clerk, Surveyor General’s department c.1841, Assistant to Geological Surveyor, 1852-55; land surveyor and pastoral leaseholder various NSW and Qld properties. Searched for Leichhardt 1873, exploration journeys Qld, active zoological and botanical collector. [ Dowe (2016a)] Anisacantha birchii.

BIRD, Samuel Dougan (1832-1904). Physician. Born Litchfield, Staffordshire, England; qualified King’s College Hospital, LRCP 1851, MRCSE 1854; MD St. Andrews 1859; Private practice, Richmond, Surrey; medical service, Crimean War. To Vic 1862; University of Melbourne: MD ad eund. 1862, lecturer, materia medica 1869, theory and practice of medicine 1881-87; honorary physician to Alfred Hospital &c. [ ADB ] Calycothrix birdii.

BISCHOFF, Gottlieb Wilhelm (1797-1854). Botanic garden director, botanist. Born Dürkheim an der Haardt (Bad Dürkheim from 1914); studied botany at Kaiserslautern. To Heidelberg 1823, habilitation 1825, private docent 1825, professor and director of Botanical Garden 1839. [ Deutsche Bio g raphie ]

BISHOP, Anna (née RIVIERE; SCHULTZ from 1858) (1810-1884). Singer. Born London; studied singing Royal Academy of Music; married singing teacher H. R. Bishop 1831. Deserted husband 1839, toured widely with harpist Nicholas Boscha, who died in Australia 1856; after the death of Henry Bishop married diamond merchant Martin Schultz, 1858; settled in New York, United States of America, after final world tour in 1874-1875, including Australia. [ ODNB ]

BISMARCK, Otto Eduard Leopold von (1815-1898). Diplomat and politician. Born Schönhausen, Prussia; diplomatic appointments including Russia and France 1851-62; Prussian Minister President and Foreign Minister 1862; Chancellor North German Confederation 1867; Chancellor of the German Empire 1871. Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 1865; Prince 1871. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BISSILL, Walter Kirk (1842-1890). Private means? (described as ‘gentleman’). Born Sculcoates, Yorkshire, England; arrived Vic with parents 1862; lived near Bendigo on farm father had previously established. Wrote on natural history and other topics for newspapers and magazines. [UK census, immigration records, probate records; see George (2009) for plant collection data but immigration details confused with travels of Edward Bissill, father]. Hannafordia bissillii.

BIZEMONT, Henri de (1839-1899). Geographer, traveller. Born Nancy, France; naval officer, traveller and geographer; entered navy 1855, reached rank of Commander 1880; in Indochina in 1864; accompanied Samuel Baker to Egypt 1870; Chairman of the Central Commission of the Society of Geography in 1890. [Bibliothèque nationale de France, Notice de p e rsonne ]

BIZIO, Giovanni (1823-1891). Chemist. Born Venetian Republic; educated Padua, doctorate 1847; studied with von Liebig, Bunsen; regular teacher of chemistry and mineralogy, Venetian Technical Institute; undertook clinical chemical analysis at the Civil General Hospital. Secretary, Royal Venetian Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts from 1874; Order of St Maurice and St Lazarus, Order of the Crown of Italy, Medal of Merit for Public Health. [ Da l l’ollio (1992)]

BLACK, Alexander (fl 1860s). Formerly of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company; appointed to take charge of Irish salmon ova to be imported to Tas 1860; to NSW by November 1860, continued interest in fish introduction. [For the little that is known about Black, see notes to M to J. Milligan, 19 June 1860 in the correspondence.]

BLACK, Allan Adamson (1832-1865]. Garden curator. Born Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland; apprenticed horticulturalist Dunkeld; curator of W. J. Hooker herbarium at Kew1853-64; Superintendent Bangalore gardens, India 1864. [Baptismal record; Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 1865-66 , pp. lvi-lvii]

BLACK, Elizabeth [HOGG from 1848] (1829-1896). Born Newry, County Down, Ireland. To Australia as infant 1833, to Melbourne 1841. Daughter of Thomas Black; mother of Charles Edward Hogg. [Various Australian newspapers]

BLACK, John (1827-1916). Pastoralist. Born NSW; from 1860s bred Angora goats acquired from the Acclimatisation Society of NSW and Victoria, first at Minhi near Newcastle and later at Muswellbrook, NSW; continued to write on them after retirement to Teralba, NSW. [Various Australian newspapers]

BLACK, Joseph (c.1811-1879). Physician and surgeon. Born Antigua (?); MRCSE, 1844; University of Melbourne, MB, MD 1863; arrived Melbourne October 1852 as Surgeon Superintendent Birmingham; in practice as ‘physician, surgeon, accoucheur’ by December 1852; a founder of the Medical Society of Victoria, president 1862; honorary physician Melbourne Hospital and Lying-in Hospital; Surgeon-Major, Prince of Wales Light Horse Cavalry. [AMPI; Australian Medical Journa l, April 1879, pp 181-182; Australasian (Melbourne), 15 March 1879, p. 2; various Victorian newspapers]

BLACK, Niel (1804-1880). Pastoralist and politician. Born Kilbridemore, Argyllshire, Scotland. Partner in Niel Black & Co, formed in Scotland to invest in Australian pastoral enterprises; emigrated to the Port Phillip District in 1839 and bought the Glenormiston run 1840, adding others later; partnership dissolved 1868-9, Black keeping only Mount Noorat; highly successful sheep and cattle breeder. MLC, 1859-80 [ ADB ].

BLACK, Thomas (1803-1894). Physician, banker. Born Newry, Ireland; MD Glasgow 1830; to Sydney 1833, to Melbourne 1841; never registered in Victoria, ceasing to practise c.1850s. Business enterprises and directorships, including Bank of Victoria, 1852; civic involvement; founder member of the Medical and Zoological and Acclimatisation Societies of Vic, sometime president of each; member of the Committee of Management of the Melbourne Zoological Garden; trustee, Royal Park, Melbourne. JP. [AMPI; Gibbney & Smith; Prahran telegraph , 22 September 1894, p. 3]. Anthotroche blackii.

BLACKBOURN [BLACKBURN, BLACKBOURNE] John Barker (1811-1901). Mariner and pier master. Born Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England; to Tas in 1830s, Vic c.1838; master and part owner of several vessels; Victorian Railways pier master Williamstown 1859-7? (listed as receiving pension 1877). [ Williamstown Chronicle , 2 November 1901, p. 3; Vic death certificate 12863/1901]

BLACKETT, Cuthbert Robert (1831-1902). Pharmacist, chemist, politician. Born Southminster, Essex, England; apprenticed as pharmacist Norfolk, further study London and Heidelberg 1868-71. First arrival Melbourne 1853 with parents and siblings, established pharmacy in Collingwood; on return from study, opened pharmacy Fitzroy 1871-87; a founder Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (honorary librarian, editor, and president, 1878-81); member Pharmacy Board from 1876, (president 1896), Central Board of Health 1883, several exhibition and other Commissions; JP 1881. Lectured at the College of Pharmacy, examined at University of Melbourne. Government analytical chemist 1886-92. MLA, Vic 1879-83. Fellow of Royal Society of Victoria, treasurer 1891-9; Fellow, Chemical Society, London; honorary member, British Medical Association, Victorian branch. [ ADB , Victoria Government Gazette] Baeckea blackettii.

BLACKITH, Charles Joseph (c.1824-1906). Mercantile agent. Born Palermo, Sicily. In business as Betham & Blackith, insurance brokers and shipping agents by 1858, as Blackith & Co. by 1872; died in France at son’s Paris residence. [Various British newspapers; England census returns; Actes de naissance, de mariage et de décès, Archives de Paris].

BLACKMORE, James Newnham (1836-1875). Public servant. Born Bath, Somerset, England; in SA by 1854. Clerk: Chief Secretary’s office 1854-7, House of Assembly 1857-66; secretary to Commissioner of Crown Lands, 1866-70; Under-treasurer, 1870-5. [‘Death of the Under Treasurer’, Express and Telegraph (Adelaide), 7 April 1875, p. 2]

BLAIR, James (1818-1907). Local government official. Born Kent, England, brought up in Ireland; arrived at Port Phillip 1841, described as ‘farm servant’; worked near Geelong until gold rush, then to Ballarat, Castlemaine and Bendigo; dairy farm Lara, Vic; Secretary Corio Shire 1862-1902.[ Bacchus Marsh Express , 21 September 1907, p. 4]

BLAIR, John (1834-1887). Medical practitioner. Born Bo’ness, Linlithgowshire, Scotland; studied Glasgow, Edinburgh LRCSE 1857 FRCSE 1874; Sydney: MB 1874 MD, 1877; listed as ‘legally qualified’ in Vic January 1859. Medical Society of Victoria: secretary 1860-70, president, 1872; member Medical Board, 1883; supported foundation of Alfred Hospital, honorary surgeon from 1870. [ Australasian (Melbourne), 12 March 1887, p. 28] Rhodamnia blairiana

BLAKE, Arthur Palmer (1837-1917). Solicitor, businessman. Born Bramerton, Norfolk, England; in practice as a solicitor Lakenham, Norfolk, England 1861. Arrived Melbourne 1865, partner Blake & Riggall 1866-90; active in Law Institute of Victoria, several terms as president. Pastoral interests in partnership with his brother, NSW. Returned to England 1889; maintained Australian interests via company directorships and chairmanships, and income from Australian property. [Various Australian and English newspapers; England census returns; probate records]

BLAKE, Charles Carter (1840-1897). Anthropologist, palaeontologist and comparative anatomist. Born Marylebone, England, Pupil and assistant to Richard Owen. Anthropological Society of London: founding fellow1863; assistant secretary, c.1863-6; curator and librarian, c.1863-7; honorary fellow, 1867; Lecturer on zoology, London Institution 1862-3; lecturer in comparative anatomy and zoology, Westminster Hospital School of Medicine, 1869-81.Theosophist. [Birth registration; England Census records; London Evening Standard , 23 December 1897, p. 3.]

BLAND, Revett Henry (1811-1894). Public servant and company manager. Born Newark, Nottinghamshire, England. To WA, 1829: superintendent of government stock at York 1829, protector of Aborigines 1841, private secretary to Governor 1848, Acting Colonial Secretary 1849-51. To Vic 1852 as resident director, Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Co.; established Clunes Quartz Mining Co.; Director, National Bank 1863-5. Member: Royal Society of Victoria, Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. [ ADB ; various Australian newspapers]

BLANDOWSKI, Johann Wilhelm Theodor (1822-1878). Naturalist. Born Gliwice (Gleiwitz), Upper Silesia; attended Tarnowitz Mining School and science lectures at Berlin University; assistant manager Königsgrube coal mine Königshütte. To SA 1849, collected natural history specimens, worked as surveyor; joined gold rush to Victoria, initially with Edward Wehl; Curator Melbourne Museum of Natural History from 1854; leader Murray-Darling Expedition 1856 which included Ludwig Gerard Krefft. Founding member and Council member Philosophical Society of Victoria 1854; honorary secretary Philosophical Institute of Victoria 1856. Returned to Europe 1859; established photography business Gleiwitz 1861.[ Darragh (2009)]

BLAS MUÑOZ, Bonifacio de (1827-1880). Lawyer and politician. Born Villacastin, Spain; DCL 1854; liberal monarchist political activist; exile in Paris 1866-8; elected deputy for Segovia 1869, Secretary of State 1871-2. [ Diccionario Biográfico electrónico ]

BLASIUS, August Wilhelm Heinrich (1845-1912). Ornithologist. Born Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick; Professor of zoology and botany in Herzogliche Technische Hochschule, Brunswick; director Brunswick natural history museum and botanic garden. Member many scientific societies including Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft (council), Verein für Naturwissenschaften zu Braunschweig (President). [ The Auk , vol. 29, 1912, p. 571]

BLAXLAND, Gregory (1778-1853). Grazier, mixed farmer, explorer. Born Fordwich, Kent, England; to Sydney NSW 1805, commercial speculation, grazing cattle; with William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth found route across Blue Mountains west of Sydney. Grandfather of Herbert Blaxland; Grand-uncle of Anna Frances (Annie) Walker. [ ADB ]

BLAXLAND, Herbert (1852-1904). Physician. Born Ryde, NSW; qualified University College London, MRCS, LRCP; on return to NSW assistant medical officer, Hospital for the Insane, Gladesville 1879, Medical Superintendent, Hospital for the Insane, Callan Park 1881, Deputy Inspector General of the Insane 1896, Medical Superintendent, Hospital for the Insane, Gladesville 1900. Grandson of Gregory Blaxland; second cousin of Anna Frances (Annie) Walker. [NSW Government Gazettes; Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser , 27 April 1904, p. 1054]

BLEASDALE, John Ignatius (1821-1884). Roman catholic priest. Born Lancashire, England; studied at English College, Lisbon, and Saint Mary’s College, Oscott, Birmingham; ordained 1845. Military chaplain UK to 1849; transferred to Victoria: Geelong and Colac 1851-3; to seminary in Melbourne, vice president 1855-60; inspector general of schools and orphanages; secretary Catholic education committee; private secretary to Bishop Goold, Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Melbourne 1874-7. Retired to California 1878. Trustee or member of numerous public bodies in Melbourne; foundation member Microscopical Society; active member Royal Society of Victoria, FGS, honorary member Medical Society of Victoria. [ ADB ] Grevillea bleasdalei.

BLECHYNDEN, Richard (1857-1940). Tea planter/merchant. Born Calcutta, West Bengal, India. Indian Tea Commissioner in USA, director of East Indian pavilion World’s Fair, Saint Louis USA, 1904; retired as Commissioner USA India Advertising Fund. [England and Wales Register 1939; shipping records]

BLOGG, John Kendrick (1851-1936). Manufacturing chemist, poet, woodcarver. Born Toronto, Canada; studied chemistry University of Toronto, partner in uncle’s dispensing chemist firm Toronto c. 1869. Arrived Melbourne 1877, employed by wholesale druggists; established manufacturing chemist firm in partnership with H. G. Grist 1884; several name changes culminating in Blogg Bros. Proprietary Limited 1892; perfumers to Lord Brassey Governor of Vic 1895-1900. Prolific woodcarver from c.1893; published poetry and hymns. [ Guide to the Papers of John Kendrick Blogg , National library of Australia MS 9473]

BLOMSTEDT, Carl Reinhold (1817-1881). Military officer. Born Uppsala, Sweden; in Australia between April and June 1873. [Passenger lists; Departure announcement Argus (Melbourne), 17 June 1873, Supplement p. 4, Stockholms Dagblad , 28 May 1881, p. 2]

BLOXAM, Andrew Roby (1839-1923). Law court official. Born Twycross, Leicestershire, England; educated University of Oxford 1857-?; arrived Lyttleton, NZ 1863; clerk of the Warden’s Court, Kanieri 1865, rising to Registrar of the Supreme Court, Canterbury district 1881-1907. [ Press (Christchurch, NZ), 29 June 1923, p. 10]

BLUME, Carl Ludwig (1796-1862). Botanist. Born Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel; MD Leiden1817; to Java 1819; Buitenzorg Botanic Garden: assistant, then director 1822-6. Director and Professor, Rijksherbarium, first in Brussels, then Leiden 1829-62. [ Van Steenis (1989)] Gaultiera blumei.

BLYTH, Arthur (1823-1891). Ironmonger, land investor, politician. Born Birmingham, England; arrived Adelaide1839, in partnership with a brother established ironmongery business and invested in land; promoter of Northern Australia Co., director of Burra copper mines and SA National Bank. Member and chairman Mitcham District Council, MLC 1855, MLA 1857-68, 1870-7; Commissioner Public Works 1857, Treasurer 1861-3, 1877, Chief Secretary 1866-7, Commissioner Crown Lands 1870-1, Premier 1871-2, 1873-5. SA Agent General, London 1877-91. KCMG 1877, CB 1886. [ ADB ]

BLYTH, William Crowther (1837-1925) Teacher. Born Hobart, Tasmania. Trustee, Upper Derwent Road District 1861; Postmaster New Norfolk district 1869; taught Honeywood Public School 1870-6, Campbelltown, 1877-1900. [Various Tasmanian newspapers]

BLYTT, Axel Gudbrand (1843-1898). Botanist, geologist. Born Christiania (now Oslo), Norway; began medical studies but switched to botany 1862. Curator botanical collections, Christiania University 1865, fellow in botany 1873, extraordinary professor 1880; completed Norwegian Flora commenced by his father; wrote on plant distribution and the influence of ice ages. [ Norsk biografisk leksikon ]

BOCK, Alfred (1835-1920). Photographer. Born Hobart Town, Tasmania, son of Alexander Cameron, adopted surname Bock after mother’s marriage; worked in, later took over, step-father’s photographic studio in Hobart; moved to Sale, Vic, 1867; to Auckland, NZ 1882; to Melbourne, Vic, c.1887-1906. [ Design & Art Australia Online , accessed 3 October 2021]

BOCK, Hieronymus (1498-1554). School teacher, Lutheran preacher, botanist. Born Heidesbach, Zweibrücken; school teacher and supervisor of Ducal garden Zweibrücken; to Hornbach preacher and doctor; personal doctor of Count of Nassau in Saarbrücken. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

BOCQUILLON, Henri Théophile (1834-1883). Botanist. Born Crugny, Marne, France; doctorate, natural sciences 1866, MD 1866. Teacher of natural history: Lycée Napoléon (Henri IV) 1864, Lycée Fontanes 1867; associate of natural history at the Faculté de Médecine, Paris 1869. Chevalier, Légion d’Honneur. [ La France médicale , vol. 1 (1883), p. 701.]

BODICHON, Eugène (1810-1885). Physician, political activist. Born Nantes, France; graduated in medicine Paris 1835. Settled in Algeria, Republican political activist, Corresponding Member French 2nd Republic provisional Government 1848; advocate of reafforestation and introduction of Eucalytus globulus. [ Men of the time , 11th edition (1884), p. 142]

BOECKELER, Johann Otto (1803-1899). Apothecary, botanist. Born Hannover; studied Götingen, to Varel (Oldenburg) 1827; specialist in Cyperaceae. [ Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft , vol. 17 (1999), pp. (211)-(218)]

BOEHME, Johan [John] Christian (1820-1899). Civil servant. Born Hamburg; arrived Victoria 1853; Joined Railways Department as draftsman 1857, retired 1892. [Naturalization record (National Archives of Australia A712. 1894/X695); Vic blue books; Vic death certificate 758/1889; Coburg Leader (Victoria), 11 February 1889, p. 1]

BOGDANOV, Anatolii Petrovi ch ‏ [BOGDANOFF, Anatole; БОГДАНОВ Анатолий Петрович] (1834-1896). Anthropologist, zoologist. Born Voronezh Governorate, Russian empire; graduated physics and mathematics, Moscow University 1855. Member Moscow Society of Naturalists 1855, secretary acclimatisation committee 1857; founder member Society of the Friends of Nature 1864. Lecturer department of zoology University of Moscow 1858 (Professor 1883); Director zoological museum Moscow 1863; founder Department of anthropology Moscow University 1876. [ Большая российская энциклопедия , accessed 4 October 2021]

BOGIE, Alexander (fl. 1859-1865) Nurseryman. Exhibited at Melbourne area horticultural shows 1859-62; proprietor of plant nursery, Punt Road, South Yarra, specialist in roses. Nursery stock sold at auction 8 July 1865 as Bogie ‘leaving for England’. Not further identified. [Various Australian newspapers]

BOISSIER, Pierre Edmond (1810-1885). Born Geneva, Switzerland; studied with A.-P. de Candolle; travelled and botanized extensively in Spain, Greece and eastern Mediterranean. Member Société Botanique de France; Corresponding Member Académie des Sciences 1885. Father-in-law of William Barbey. [ Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences , vol. 101 (1885), pp. 652-684]

BOIVIN, Louis-Hyacinthe (1808-1852). Botanical collector. Born Compiègne (Oise), France; student of René Louiche Desfontaines and Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu; collected in Senegal, East Africa, Zanzibar, Île de Bourbon (Réunion) and Madagascar. [ TL2 ]

BOJER, Wenceslas [POJER, Vaclar] (1797-1856). Naturalist and explorer. Born Resanice, Bohemia; employed in botany department Imperial Museum, Vienna; sent to collect in East Africa and Mascarenes, to Mauritius c.1821, later Madagascar and East African islands. Settled in Mauritius c.1824, collected Comoros and Agaléga islands 1835; curator Mauritius Natural History Museum 1842; professor natural history and chemistry Royal College of Port Louis c.1855. [ TL2 , Hooker’s journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany , vol. 8 (1856), pp. 312-317].

BOLANDER, Henry Nicholas (1832-1897). Botanist. Born Schleuchtern, Hesse; to United States of America 1846; studied Lutheran Seminary, Columbus, Ohio; teacher, 1851; collected in Ohio and adjacent states. To California 1861; State Botanist in State Geological Survey 1864-c.1874; State Superintendent of Schools, 1871-5; to Central and South America and ?Southern Africa 1878-; Modern languages teacher, Portland, Oregon, from 1883. [ Erythea , vol. 6 (1898), pp. 100-107]

BONNEFONT, see JACQUEMET-BONNEFONT, André Marius.

BONNEY, Frederic (1842-1921). Pastoralist, photographer. Born Rugeley, Staffordshire, England; joined elder brother at ‘Momba’ sheep station, western NSW 1865; recorded and published anthropological observations and extensive series of photographs of the local Aboriginal people; collected botanical specimens. Returned to UK 1881; established extensive arboretum at Colton House near Rugeley. JP for Staffordshire. FRGS 1884. Brother of Thomas George Bonney. [ Colton History Society: People of note , accessed 7 October 1821] Chloanthes bonneyana, Justicia bonneyana.

BONNEY, Joseph (c.1801-1861). Farmer. Born Sudbury, Suffolk, England; date and circumstances of arrival in Tas uncertain; possibly ran orchard and grazed cattle and sheep New Town near Hobart early 1820s; certainly farming at Woodhall, near Launceston, Tas by 1831; in England as ‘Home Agent’ Immigration Society, 1853-5. JP, MLC 1855; Member Royal Society Tas 1855. [ Cornwall Chronicle (Launceston Tas), 13 April 1861, p. 4; other Tasmanian and UK newspapers]

BONNEY, Thomas George (1833-1923). Clergyman, geologist. Born Rugeley, Staffordshire, England; Educated Cambridge, BA 1856; ordained priest 1858. Fellow St John’s Cambridge 1859, college lecturer in geology 1869; Yates-Goldsmit professor of geology University College London 1877-1901. Geological Society: member from 1860, Secretary 1878-84, President 1884-6. FRS 1878. Brother of Frederic Bonney. [ ODNB ]

BONNIER, Gaston Eugène Marie (1853-1922). Botanist. Born Paris; École normale, graduated 1876; doctorate 1879; taught there from 1876, finally director of the botany laboratory (1886); Professor of Botany, Faculté des Sciences, Paris from 1887, founder and director of plant biology laboratory Sorbonne (Fontainebleau) 1889; a founder and editor of Revue générale de botanique. Member: Académie des Sciences 1897, Académie d’Agriculture de France 1901, Société Botanique de France, Fédération des Sociétés Françaises d’Apiculture. Officer, Légion d’Honneur. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques , accessed 6 October 2021; Revue générale de botanique , vol. 35 (1923), pp. 1-5.

BONPLAND [born GOUJAUD], Aimé Jacques Alexandre (1773-1858). Surgeon, explorer, botanist. Born La Rochelle, France; student at École de Médecine and Jardin des Plantes, met Alexander Humboldt 1798 and travelled with him to South America 1799-1804; in charge of Empress Josephine’s botanic garden at Malmasion; Professor of natural history Buenos Aires, Argentina 1818. Foreign member, Linnean Society of London [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , 1858-9, pp. xlv-xlvii]

BONWICK, James (1817-1906). Teacher, author, historian and archivist. Born Lingfield, Surrey, England; taught in English schools 1833-41; to Tas 1841, taught in Hobart Normal School and his own schools; to SA 1850, opened private school; to Vic 1852, in business as land agent, inspector for Denominational Schools Board 1856-9; opened and ran school in St Kilda 1862-9; immigration agent for Qld in England 1874-5, 1882-3. Transcribed Australian historical documents for Australian colonies. Prolific historical writer. Temperance worker. [ ADB ]

BOOKEY, Power Le Poer (1822-1872). Army officer, policeman. Born Duninga (Dún Innigh), County Kilkenny, Ireland; British army 1840-8, served England, Ireland, India. To Vic c.1849, farmed unsuccessfully, joined Victorian Constabulary as superintendent 1853; finally inspecting superintendent 1869. JP. Exhibited natural history collection at 1861 Melbourne exhibition; exhibited oil paintings Ballarat and Geelong 1869. [ Argus (Melbourne) 16 December 1872, p. 1; Design and Art Australia database , accessed 7 October 2021]

BOOTH, John Cornelius (1836-1908). Nurseryman. Born Kleinflottbeck, Duchy of Holstein; during apprenticeship spent time in London with Veitch of Chelsea; ran family firm with his brother c.mid-1850s to 1868 at Flottbeck, then sole proprietor to 1884, when moved to Berlin. Influential in German forestry. [ Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft , vol. 17 (1908), pp. 5-7]

BOOTT, Francis (1792-1863). Physician and botanist. Born Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; studied Harvard, BA 1810; to England 1816. MD Edinburgh 1824, LRCP 1825; authority on fevers; stimulated use of ether as anaesthetic. Studied botany in Paris, became authority on sedges. Linnean Society of London: Fellow 1819, Secretary 1832-9, Treasurer 1856-61, Vice-President 1861-3. Council member University College London, 1833, Senate 1836-63. [ ODNB ]

BORCHGREVINK, Carsten Egeberg (1864-1934). Explorer. Born Christiania (Oslo), Norway; studied natural science Royal College, Tharandt, Saxony. To Australia c.1888; in survey teams NSW, Qld. Joined Captain H. J. Bull’s whaler Antarctica 1894, landed on Antarctic mainland 1895. Mounted own Southern Cross Antarctic expedition 1898-1900. FRGS, Silver Medal, Royal Scottish Geographical Society, 1904, Patron’s medal, Royal Geographical Society, 1930. [ ADB ]

BORNET, Jean-Baptiste Édouard (1828-1911). Botanist, physician. Born Guérigny (Nièvre), France; studied at Paris at Faculté de Médecine, at Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, and at Sorbonne with mycologist J.-H. Léveillé, and at Cherbourg with algologist Gustave Thuret; MD 1855; to Antibes 1856 with Thuret, investigated reproductive organs and fertilization of algae and marine angiosperms; director Villa Thuret Garden 1875-8, then in Paris as independent researcher. Member: Société Botanique de France (President ), Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft (Göttingen), Académie d’Agriculture de France 1896; American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Cambridge, Massachusetts) 1893, Académie des Sciences 1886, Foreign Member Royal Society of London 1910, and numerous other foreign academies. Gold medal Linnean Society of London 1901, Officer, Légion d’Honneur 1900. [ Compte s rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, vol. 154 (1912), pp. 461-72]

BORRIGLIONE, Alfred-Ferdinand (1843-1902). Politician. Born Nice, Kingdom of Sardinia; studied law, University of Turin, completing, after annexation of Nice to France in 1860, at Faculté d’Aix. Politically active from 1870s. Nice: municipal councillor 1871-8, Mayor 1878-86; Canton de Sospel: General councillor 1871-1902; Third Republic National Assembly: deputy for Alpes-Maritimes 1876-94, Senator for Alpes-Maritimes 1894-1902. Chevalier Legion d’ Honneur 1878. [ Assemblée nationale database ; La Radical , 31 August 1902, p. 2]

BOSC [d’ANTIC] Louis Auguste Guillaume (1759-1828). Botanist, invertebrate zoologist. Born Paris, France; studied at Dijon and Paris; declined to accompany La Pérouse expedition; Secretaire des postes, 1784-8; in hiding during the Terror period of the French Revolution. USA: vice-consul Wilmington 1797, consul NewYork 1798 during which collected many plants and animals. Inspector of the gardens Versailles 1803; Director of publication Administrative and Scientific Annals of French Agriculture 1811-28; Professor Jardin des Plantes, Paris 1825. Member Académie des Sciences, rural husbandry section 1806; Foreign member Linnean Society of London by 1790. [ Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle , vol. 18 (1829), pp 69-92; Dolan (2020)]

BOSISTO, Joseph (1824-1898). Chemist, politician. Born Leeds, England; apprenticed to a druggist; engaged by manufacturing chemist F. H. Faulding and arrived in Adelaide 1848; to Victorian gold fields 1851; opened pharmacy Richmond Vic, began manufacturing and marketing eucalyptus oil; partner Felton & Grimwade 1882; gained many medals from international exhibitions; a founder of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria 1857, president Board of Pharmacy 1877-82. Royal Society of Victoria from 1858, sometime council member. Mayor of Richmond 1865-7; MLA 1874-89, 1892-4. CMG 1886. [ ADB ]

BOSTOCK, George James (1833-1881). Clergyman. Born Marylebone, London, England; BA Cambridge 1856, ordained: deacon Exeter 1856, priest Perth WA 1860; curate Bideford, Devon 1856-9; priest Gingin WA 1861, Chaplain Fremantle 1862-75; ill health caused return to UK, granted permission to officiate in York province under Colonial Clergy Act, vicar Kirby Wharfe, York 1875-81. Interested natural history, ichthyologist. [ http://anglicanhistory.org/aus/cci/index.pdf ]

BOULEY, Henri-Marie (1814–1885). Veterinarian, popularizer of science. Born Paris, France; qualified as veterinarian Alfort, ‎Île-de-France 1836; assistant professor Alfort 1839, professor 1845; Professor comparative pathology Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle; Inspector General of Veterinary Schools 1866. Académie des Sciences (rural economy section) 1868, president 1885; Académie de Médecine (veterinary medicine section) 1855, president 1877; Académie d’Agriculture de France 1874; Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1860; Société Linnéenne de Lyon, corresponding member 1842; Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 1872, president 1882. Légion d’Honneur: Chevalier 1855, Officer 1865, Commander 1881. [ Neumann (1896), pp. 31-7 ; Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques accessed 9 December 2021]

BOURDE, Paul Anthelme (1851-1914). Journalist, colonial administrator. Born Voissant, Duchy of Savoy, moved with family to northern France after annexation by France 1860; journalist from c.1870; visited and reported on Algeria 1879, Tunis 1880, Tonkin 1885. Administrative roles and Director of Agriculture Tunisian protectorate 1890, extending horticulture; Secretary-General Madagascar protectorate 1896. [ Dictionnaire biographique d’Outre-Mer ]

BOURGEAU, Eugène (1813-1877). Botanical collector. Born Brizon (Hautes-Alpes), France; assistant to Philip Barker Webb, Paris 1843, collected for him in Canary Islands 1845-6; collector for Association Botanique Française d’Exploration 1847-56 in Spain, France, Canary Islands, Algeria; collector on British Palliser expedition to Canada 1857-9; collected for Edmond Boissier in Turkey 1860, 1861; collected in Mexico 1865-6. [ Dictionary of Canadian Biography ]

BOURNE, Charles (1833-1918). Plasterer, councillor. Born Road (‘Rode’ since 1919), Somerset, England; arrived Portland Vic 1855, settled Port Fairy. Elected to Borough Council 1881, Mayor 1888. [ Port Fairy Gazette , 15 July 1918, p. 2; England 1851 census]

BOUTON, Louis-Sulpice (1800-1878). Botanist. Born Mauritius; gave natural history collection to commence local museum, 1821; founding member Mauritian Société d’Histoire Naturelle 1829, secretary 1839-78. Wrote on economic botany and medicinal botany. [Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, Tableau Louis_Bouton , accessed 9 October 2021].

BOVE, Giacomo (1852-1887). Naval officer, explorer, hydrographer. Born Maranzana, Italy; entered Italian navy 1872, Western Pacific cruise 1873-4; hydrographer on Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld North-West Passage expedition 1877-80; led expedition to Patagonia 1881-2; explored the upper Paranà river, Argentina, and Tierra del Fuego 1883-4; Congo River in 1885-6; failed to get support to mount expeditions to Antarctic. Honorary member of the Italian Geographic Society 1883. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

BOWEN, Diamantina [neé (Contessa) ROMA] (1833–1893). Governor’s wife. Born island of Zante, United States of the Ionian Islands; married George Bowen, Corfu 1856. Accompanied him to his postings; active in charitable causes and cultural events; commemorated in the names of a town (Roma) and river (Diamantina) in Qld. [ ADB ]

BOWEN, George Ferguson (1821-1899). Colonial Governor. Born County Donegal, Ireland; Classics graduate Oxford 1844; rector of the Ionian University, Corfu 1847-51; joined colonial service as political secretary, Government of the United States of the Ionian Islands. Successively Governor of Qld 1859-68; NZ 1868-73; Vic 1873-9; Mauritius 1879-82; Hong Kong 1882-6. Husband of Diamantina Bowen. [ ADB ]

BOWEN, Thomas Aubrey (c.1837-1893). Medical practitioner. Born Cradley, Worcestershire, England; began medical training Sydenham College and Birmingham General hospital, interrupted as family migrated to Melbourne 1857, but returned to complete: MRCS 1862, Licentiate King and Queen’s College of Physicians, Ireland, 1863. Resident surgeon Birmingham and Midland Counties Hospital c.1862-3; returned to Australia and registered Vic 1864, resident surgeon Melbourne Hospital; private practice as ophthalmic surgeon from c.1866. Honorary Surgeon: Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Children’s Hospital, Eye and Ear Hospital, Industrial School for unwanted and destitute children. Member Medical Society of Victoria: secretary, President 1875. Chevalier Légion d’Honneur 1889. Left numerous charitable bequests. Son-in-law of Henry (‘Money’) Miller. [ British Medical Journal , 12 August 1893, p. 400, Lowe (1982)]

BOWER, James St Clair (1853-1880). Naval officer. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; entered Royal Navy 1865; surveying duties on various postings, finally in command of Firefly; promoted Lieutenant 1875; killed Solomon Islands. [UK National Archives, ADM-196-38-147] Cymbidium boweri.

BOWERBANK, James Scott (1797-1877). Geologist, zoologist. Born London, England; worked in family distillery from 1818, joint head 1844-7. Specialist in sponges; also collected fossil seeds and fruits from Isle of Sheppey. A founder of Microscopical Society of London 1839, president 1846-7; Geological Society of London from 1832; a founder of Ray Society 1844, treasurer 1845-60; FRS 1842, honorary LLD St. Andrews 1857. [ ODNB ]

BOWKETT, Eva Frances. See LAMONT, Eva Francis (1861-1945).

BOWMAN, Edward Macarthur (1826-1872). Botanical collector. Born Sydney; Clerk of Petty Sessions, Turon NSW 1851; JP NSW, 1851; Assistant Commissioner for Crown Lands at Sofola part of 1851; successfully tendered for ‘Ballandry’ sheep run NSW 1857, but uncertain how long there; believed to have worked as station hand on properties in NSW and Qld; collected plants NSW and extensively in Qld from 1862. [NSW Government Gazette; NSW Bluebook; NSW land records; Sydney Morning Herald , 2 December 1872, p. 10] Boronia bowmani, Eremophila bowmani, Ricinocarpus bowmanii

BOWMAN, Janet (née WATT) (1810-1904). Hotelkeeper. Born Forfar, Scotland; arrived Vic 1840; husband became licensee of Gippsland Hotel, Berwick (then Cardiania Creek) 1855 (then known as ‘Bowman’s Inn’); took over license on death of husband 1860; retired 1868. Cut ‘Bowman’s track’ to Jordan Goldfields in upper Yarra valley. [ Gippsland Times , 25 July 1868, p. 4; Age (Melbourne), 26 November 1877, p. 3]

BOWMAN, Robert (fl. 1855-1860). Stockman, farrier. Member of North Australian Exploring Expedition 1855-7 and Leichhardt Search Expedition 1858 under Augustus Gregory; unsuccessfully sought position on Burke & Wills expedition 1860. Nothing further known. [ Gregory (1858), Gregory (1858a)]

BOWMAN, William (1816-1892). Ophthalmic surgeon, anatomist. Born Nantwich, Cheshire, England; apprenticed at Birmingham infirmary circa 1832; joined King’s College London medical department 1837; assistant surgeon King’s College Hospital 1839; assistant surgeon Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital 1846, surgeon 1851-76; professor of physiology and anatomy King’s College 1848, council member 1879; surgeon to King’s College Hospital 1856-62. First president of Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom; FRS 1841; FRCS 1844; honorary MD University of Dublin 1867; LLD Cambridge 1880; created baronet 1884. [ ODNB ]

BOYCE, Thomas (1844-1907). Gardener. Born Putney, England; to Vic c.1870; gardener to Mr. W. R. Virgoe by 1872; Crown Lands Bailiff for Albert Park reserve by 1874; styled conservator by 1875, caretaker by 1882, curator by 1901. Active member Horticultural Society of Victoria. [Various Vic newspapers; Vic death certificate 13335/1907; Record (Emerald Hill, Vic), 26 October 1907, p. 3]

BOYD, Benjamin (Ben) (1801-1851). Entrepreneur. Born Wigtown, Scotland; London stockbroker by 1824; established steamship coastal service Australia 1840s; held large tracts of pastoral leases in Monaro and Port Phillip Districts; whaling station based on Two Fold Bay, NSW; began importing Pacific Island labour 1847, but scheme ineffective; businesses failed late 1840s; to Californian gold diggings unsuccessfully1849-51; voyaged in Pacific. Apparently killed Guadalcanal 1851. [ ADB ]

BOYD, James (1815-1900) Public servant. Birthplace not found. Entered British Army, sold out and appointed to convict service, Tasmania: Superintendent, Maria Island c.1843; Prison Barracks, Hobart, 1853; Civil Commandant, Port Arthur 1853- c.1870; retired to England. [various Tasmanian newspapers; ‘Obituary’, Mercury (Hobart), 1 May 1900, p. 2]

BOYD, James Shaw (c.1832-1910). Presbyterian minister. Born Scotland? In Essendon Vic, by 1863; Admitted to Presbytery of Sydney 1880: NSW ministries included Moss Vale c.1880; Cootamundra and Temora 1882, Greta 1893. [various Australian and Scottish newspapers]

BOYD, John (1832-1913) Butcher. Born Errol, Perthshire, Scotland; ‘Fleshers apprentice’ Edinburgh, 1851; in Vic by 1860. Council member Emerald Hill (later reorganized as part of South Melbourne) Council 1874-80, Mayor 1878-9. [ Record (Emerald Hill, Vic), 13 December 1913, p. 2]

BOYD, William Alexander Jenys (1842-1928). Agricultural journalist, schoolmaster, soldier. Born Paris, France; educated in England, Germany, Switzerland and France. Went to Qld 1860. Farmed cotton, arrowroot, rice at Oxley Creek; sugar at Pimpama 1871-c.1874; citrus Helidon, from c.1878. Headmaster, 1867-c.1871; 1874-5, 1883-9, 1891-3. Proprietor and editor Cleveland Bay Express 1875; Editor, Queensland Agricultural Journal 1897-1921. Amateur soldier, 1885-97, commanded Brisbane Garrison Artillery from 1891. Member, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Queensland Branch). [ ADB ]

BOYD, William Carr, see Carr-Boyd, William.

BOYLE, David (1821-1900). Nurseryman. Born Dumfries, Scotland; arrived Melbourne 1841; established nursery at Kew, later at Nunawading; member Victorian Horticultural Improvement Society 1868. Collected, mostly ferns, and examined ‘tall trees’, Dandenong Ranges [George (2007); various Victorian newspapers]

BOYLE, John (fl.1866). Supplier of timber for 1866 Exhibition, Melbourne. Not further identified.

BOYNE, George Brown (1836-1913). Paper hanger and decorator. Born York, England; arrived Vic 1857; in Fiji c.1866-8; in Sacramento, California, USA from 1870. [ Sacramento Daily Union , 19 March 1906, p. 7; various Australian and Californian newspapers]

BRACE, Edward James Coningsby (1845-between 1886 and 1890). Born Catisfield, Hampshire, England; in India by October 1868. Award-winning early tea planter, Catisfield Estate, Kotagiri, Madras Presidency, 1873; partner in Cannon et Brace, nurserymen Les Vaux, Salbris, Loir-et-Cher, France when contributed essays to Edinburgh forestry conference, 1884 (Rattray & Mill (1885)). [England Census 1851 and Farnham baptismal records; General Register Office Overseas Deaths and burials index, registered Toulon consulate; various British, Indian and French newspapers and periodicals]

BRACKENRIDGE, James William (1845-1913). Businessman, university administrator. Born Tibbermore, Perthshire, Scotland; invested in Virginia plantation, financially unsuccessful; arrived Montreal, Quebec, Canada, c.1873; Secretary, McGill University c.1889-c.1906. [Montreal gazette, 19 May 1913, p. 3]

BRACKENRIDGE, William Dunlop (1810-1893). Botanist, horticulturalist. Born Ayr, Scotland; gardener for Patrick Neill, Edinburgh; worked in Poland and Berlin; emigrated to USA 1837. Assistant botanist United States Exploring Expedition 1838-42: collected plants in Sydney and Hunter River districts NSW, Oregon and California coastal zones; author of ferns in report of Expedition, volume 16. Settled near Baltimore, Maryland 1855, nurseryman and landscape gardener. [ Journal of botany, British and foreign , vol. 57 (1919), p. 263]

BRADSHAW, Edward Thomas (c.1811-1876). Accountant, Town Clerk. Born Ballintra, Co. Donegal, Ireland; in Manchester 1850s; in Melbourne by 1856. Town Clerk, St. Kilda 1858-68. [Various English and Australian newspapers]

BRADSHAW, Joseph (1854-1916). Pastoralist, entrepreneur. Born Melbourne, Vic. Had interests in mining, shipping, pearling; established pastoral properties in Northwest Australia, initially as sheep runs but converted to cattle, finally at Victoria River NT 1894, jointly operating his and his brother’s adjacent leases. With a London syndicate took up Arafura, a large area around Roper River, NT. JP; FRGS 1896. Wife of Mary Bradshaw; Cousin of Aeneas Gunn. [ Obituaries Aus t ralia, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University , accessed 21 October 2021; various Australian and UK newspapers] Triumfetta bradshawii.

BRADSHAW, Mary Jane [née Guy] (1860-1942). Born Richmond, Vic. Married Joseph Bradshaw on 5 August 1891; travelled to WA property in 1891 but thereafter lived in Melbourne Vic. [Birth, marriage and death notices, Victorian newspapers; NT newspapers]

BRADY, Charles (1819-1899). Sericulturalist. Born Deptford, Kent, England. Merchant’s clerk, later merchant, London; to NSW c.1852. In 1860s developed techniques to produce non-seasonal broods of Bombyx mori; attempted with partner J. C. Asselin to encourage silk production from mulberry and to commercialize Samia cynthia silkworms that fed on Alianthus; partnership dissolved 1868, bankrupt 1869; granted lease by NSW government of c.500 hectares at Tumbulgum, Tweed River, to produce silk from mulberry silkworm. Managed NSW government silk farm at Booral and appointed as Instructor in Sericulture 1893-96. [England census 1841, 1851; various New South Wales newspapers; Kapus , (1893)]

BRAHE, William (1835-1912). Born Paderborn, Westphalia, Germany; to Australia c.1852. Gold digger, drover, wagon driver. Member Victorian Exploring Expedition (‘Burke & Wills expedition’) 1860-61, in charge of depot at Cooper’s Creek, departing earlier on the day Burke’s surviving party returned from Gulf of Carpentaria. Later in Qld and Fiji where married 1874; bailiff Crown Lands Victoria from 1877. Brother of William Alexander Brahe. [various Australian newspapers, Victoria Government gazette]

BRAHE, William Alexander (1825-1917). Lawyer, consul. Born Paderborn, Westphalia, Germany; arrived Vic 1849. Admitted to Bar as conveyancer 1856, solicitor 1865, in various partnerships finally Brahe and Gair 1886-1911; building society director 1858. Consul: Prussia 1866, North German Confederation 1868, German Empire 1872, Germany 1875, Austria 1874, Austro-Hungary 1883, Switzerland 1894; Commissioner for 1880 Melbourne International Exhibition 1878. Brother of William Brahe [ Argus (Melbourne) 28 December 1917, p. 4; various Australian newspapers, Victoria Government gazette] Saccopetalum brahei.

BRAIN, Robert Smith (1840-1906). Printer. Born Walcott, Somerset, England; arrived Melbourne 1848; Government Printing Office 1851-55; Gippsland Guardian 1855-58; Government Printing Office 1858, rising to Government printer, 1887-1906. Nephew of John Ferres. [ Herald (Melbourne), 21 May 1906, p. 2]

BRAITHWAITE, Robert (1824-1917). Physician, bryologist. Born Ruswarp, Yorkshire, England; apprentice surgeon, Whitby, Yorkshire, later assistant to surgeon in London; medical student University College London 1854, qualified MRCS, LSA 1858, MD St. Andrews 1865; practised in Lambeth and Clapham. FLS 1863, vice-president 1889-91; Member Quekett Microscopical Society, president 1872-73; South London Microscopical Society, president 1873-75; Royal Microscopical Society, president 1892-3. Specialist in mosses. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , 1917-18, pp. 35-7]

BRANCHI, Giovanni (1846-1836). Diplomat. Born San Miniato, Italy; graduated in law University of Florence. Entered consular service: Constantinople 1867; in Victoria Vice-Consul 1870-71, Consul-General 1871-74; later postings in Fiji, China, Japan; Civil Commissioner to Assab (Italian colony in present-day Eritria) 1880-84; Consul-General New York c.1884-1905. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ; Victoria Government Gazette]

BRANDIS, George (1807-1881). Orchardist. Born Wylye, Wiltshire, England; applied for free passage & arrived SA 1838 with wife and child. Purchased land near Gepps Cross, Enfield; developed ‘Brandis’ almond variety. Active in horticultural societies [Wiltshire baptismal records; Passenger lists; Express and Tel e g r aph (Adelaide), 1 February 1881, p. 2; various SA newspapers; Enfield ‘Historical Records 1853-1935’.]

BRANDIS, Ludwig Christian Georg Dietrich (1824-1907). Forester. Born Bonn, Germany; tutored, including in botany, in Greece 1837-39; PhD Bonn 1848, Privatdocent 1849. In charge of teak forests, Pegu, Burma 1856; advisor to Government of India 1862, Inspector General of Indian Forests 1864-1871; at Kew writing Indian Forest flora (Brandis (1874)); founded school for Indian foresters at Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand 1878; established system for forest management Madras, 1881-83; retired to Bonn 1883. Board of Visitors, forestry school, Coopers Hill, Surrey; supervised practical training in Europe for British and American forestry students 1888-96. At Kew 1901-1906. FLS 1860, FRS 1875; LLD Edinburgh 1887; CIE 1878, KCIE 1887. [ ODNB , Deutsche biographie ]

BRANDON, Edward(?) (fl. 1860s). Licensee of Government ferries across the Yarra near Jolimont and later also near the Botanic Gardens, but no other biographical details known.

BRASSEY, Thomas (1836-1918). Politician, colonial Governor. Born in Stafford, England; graduated in law and modern history Oxford 1859; parliamentary draftsman, called to bar 1866. Elected MP 1866, advocated reforms in naval administration and maritime policy; civil Lord of the Admiralty 1880-4; Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty 1884-5; lost seat 1886 elections. Lord in waiting to the Queen 1893-5. Governor of Victoria 1895-1900. KCB 1881; Baron Brassey 1886; GCB 1906, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1908, created Earl 1911. [ ODNB , ADB ]

BRAUN, Alexander Carl Heinrich (1805-1877). Botanist. Born Principality of Regensburg, Germany; graduated DrPhil Tübingen 1829. Studied in Munich and Paris; held professorships Carlsruhe, Freiburg, Giessen, and finally Berlin from 1851, where also Director of Herbarium and Botanic Garden. Member Leopoldina and other societies. [ Journal of B otany, British and Foreign , vol 15, (1877), pp. 321-7]

BRAYLEY, Edward William (1802-1870). Science writer. Born London, England; studied science at the London Institution and the Royal Institution; editorial assistant Philosophical Magazine 1823-44. Salaried staff, London Institution: joint librarian 1834-65, librarian and professor of physical geography 1865-70. FRS 1854; foundation member Zoological and Chemical societies. [ ODNB ] Flindersia brayleyana

BRAZIER, John William (1842-1930). Conchologist. Born Sydney, NSW. Collected shells on voyages in western Pacific Ocean and on the Australian east coast; collected for William Macleay, including Chevert expedition to New Guinea. Employed Australian Museum, Sydney, as cataloguer, later as conchologist, 1880-1893, when retrenched. A founder of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1874; CMZSL 1869, Member Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1879, FLS 1886. [ ADB ]

BREGENZER, Henry (1866-1928). Engineer. Born Melbourne, Vic; secretary and clerk of works, Ballarat Shire Council 1884-1888; Clerk, Deniliquin Municipal Council NSW 1888-c.1898; in WA by 1899, when he took out a gold-mining lease. Sawmill manager 1907, engineer Port Hedland-Marble Bar railway 1909; with Postmaster General’s Department, Pilbara region 1910-12; in Perth from 1913. Founding member: WA Institution of Engineers 1909; Institution of Engineers, Australia 1919. Member Royal Astronomical Society. [ Engineering Heritage Western Australia , accessed 12 August 2022; various Australian newspapers and NSW Government Gazette]

BREHM, Alfred Edmund (1829-1884). Explorer, naturalist. Born Unter-Renthendorf, Duchy of Sachsen-Altenburg (now Thuringia), Germany; c.1847-52 research assistant to John W. von Müller exploring Egypt and Sudan; studied natural sciences Jena, Vienna (Dr.Phil 1856), Leipzig. Writer 1860, teacher 1861-2; Director Hamburg Zoological Garden 1863-6; established and directed aquarium, Berlin 1867-74; writer and traveller until 1883. Son of Christian Ludwig Brehm [ Deutsche biographie ]

BREHM, Christian Ludwig (1787-1864). Lutheran pastor, ornithologist. Born Schönau vor dem Walde, Gotha, Germany; influenced by J. M. Bechstein; studied at Jena 1807-09. Appointed pastor Drackendorf 1812 and at parish office in Unter-Renthendorf, Duchy of Sachsen-Altenburg (now Thuringia), 1812 to at least 1862. Important ornithologist; collection of 15,000 skins now in New York. Father of Alfred Edmund Brehm. [ Deutsche biographie ]

BRETT, Percy Rollo (1838?-1900). Public Servant. Born Wexford, Ireland; arrived Victoria 1856; police constable, goldfields. At Jerilderie NSW: farmer(?), pound keeper from 1865, auctioneer and agent from 1872, insolvent 1880. NSW public offices: stock inspector, registrar of Births deaths and marriages, Coroner, JP, Urana NSW 1882-1900. [Immigration records; Albury NSW coroner’s report; NSW Blue Books; various newspaper reports]

BREWER, William Henry (1828-1910). Agricultural scientist. Born Poughkeepsie, New York, USA; graduated BPhil Yale 1852; studied in Germany with Bunsen and Liebig 1855-57. Botanical collector Geological Survey of California 1860-1864. Teaching posts: Ovid Academy, New York 1852-5; Washington College, Pennsylvania, 1856-60; Professor of natural science, College of California 1863; Professor of agriculture, Yale 1865-1903. Member National Academy of Sciences, 1880. LLD: Yale, Wesleyan University 1903; University of California 1909. [ Chittenden (1927)]

BREWSTER, David (1781-1868). Natural philosopher, academic administrator. Born Jedburgh, Scotland; graduated MA Edinburgh 1800. Contributor to Edinburgh Magazine, editor 1802-c.1807; founding editor Edinburgh Encyclopedia 1808-c.1830; editor Edinburgh Journal of Science 1824, until incorporated with the Philosophical Magazine of which he became a joint editor; published reviews in a range of periodicals; wrote scientific biographies, notably of Newton. Principal, United Colleges of St Leonard and St Salvator, University of St Andrews 1838-59; Principal and Vice Chancellor, University of Edinburgh, 1859-68. Researched physical optics; introduced binocular camera for stereoscopic pictures, designed lenses, invented kaleidoscope. Royal Society: FRS 1815, medals Copley 1815, Rumford 1818, Royal 1830; Foreign associate Académie des Sciences, Paris 1849; numerous other national academies. KH 1831, Knight bachelor 1832; officer Légion d’honneur 1855. [ OD N B ] Cathartocarpus brewsteri

BREWSTER, George Frederick (1822-1908). Commission agent. Born Westminster, England; arrived Victoria between 1851 and 1854; Commission agent at Sandridge (now Port Melbourne) by 1856. [Various Australian newspapers; England 1851 census]

BREWSTER, Robert (1840-1880). Nurseryman and seedsman. Born Kilconquhar, Scotland; arrived Geelong, Vic 1852 with widowed father who established gardener and seedsman business; in South East of SA by 1864 as an estate gardener, later nurseryman at Penola. [ Naracoorte Herald , 2 April 1880, p. 3; immigration records]

BRIDE, Thomas Francis (1849-1927). Librarian. Born Cork, Ireland; to Australia as an infant. University of Melbourne: studied law, graduating 1873, LLD 1879; assistant librarian 1873-81; member of Council from 1887. Librarian Melbourne Public Library 1881-95; Curator of estates of deceased persons, 1895-1909. FRGS 1885. [ ADB ]

BRIDGE, Cyprian Arthur George (1839-1924). Naval officer. Born St. John’s, Newfoundland. Enlisted Royal Navy: cadet 1853, midshipman 1855, mate 1858, lieutenant 1859, commander 1859, captain 1877, vice-admiral 1898, admiral 1903. Saw service in many theatres: Australian station 1881-84, acting also as Deputy Commissioner for the Western Pacific; Conmmander in Chief, Australian Station 1894-98. KCB 1899, GCB 1903. [ ODNB ] Bikkia bridgeana

BRIERLY, Oswald Walters (1817-1894). Marine painter. Born Chester, Cheshire, England; studied art and naval architecture. Accompanied Benjamin Boyd to Australia 1842, and managed his pastoral and whaling business at Twofold Bay (NSW), where appointed a magistrate. Guest of Owen Stanley on Rattlesnake survey of Great Barrier Reef and New Guinea coast 1848. Returned to UK on Pacific voyage of HMS Meander, 1850-51; naval war artist during Crimean War; sailed with Duke of Edinburgh on cruises 1863-69, including visit to Australia on Galatea 1867-68. Marine painter to Queen Victoria, 1874. FRGS. Knighted 1885 [ ODNB ]

BRIGHT, Charles Edward (1829-1915). Businessman. Born Abbotts Leigh, Somerset, England; educated at Winchester College; arrived Melbourne 1854. Founder Bright Bros & Co., steamship and general agents, became Gibbs, Bright & Co. 1881. Director public companies; various quasi-official offices including Harbour Commissioner 1872-92; trustee Public Library, Museums and National Gallery; Commissioner for numerous international exhibitions; in England by 1891, member of Board of Advice to Victorian Agent-General. JP 1869. CMG 1883. Brother of Reginald Bright. [ AD B , England Census] Acrostichum brightiae

BRIGHT, Edward (fl. 1886). Drover, active in Qld. Not further identified.

BRIGHT, Reginald (1833-1920). Businessman. Born Abbotts Leigh, Somerset, England; Arrived Australia 1852; accompanied Captain Cadell on River Murray expedition 1853. With his brother formed Bright Brothers & Co., steamship and general agents, became resident partner in the successor Gibbs, Bright & Co. Retired to England 1913. Brother of Charles Edward Bright. [ Argus (Melbourne) 15 September 1920, p. 14, various other Australian newspapers]

BRIQUET, John Isaac (1870-1931). Botanist. Born Geneva, Switzerland; studied Berlin, Geneva (doctorate 1891). Assistant, later director, Conservatoire Botanique, Geneva; Rapporteur, rules of botanical nomenclature, international botanical congresses (1900-30). Specialist in Labiatae. Chevalier, Légion d’Honneur 1930. [ Historische Lexikon de r Schweiz ; Science , Sep. 16, 1932, p. 247]

BRISBANE, Thomas MakDougall [also found as M’Dougall, McDougall, Macdougall; spelling given is from death certificate and probate records] (1848-1904). Civil servant. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; arrived Vic c.1850. Joined Victorian public service 1872; assistant clerk, Executive Council, and secretary to the Governor 1885; clerk to the Executive Council 1902-4. [ Argus (Melbourne), 16 July 1904, p.15; Vic death certificate 8929/1904; Probate records; Vic Blue Books]

BRITTAN, William Guise (1809-1876). Civil servant. Born Gloucester, England: arrived NZ 1850, settling in Canterbury district as Chairman of Council of Land Purchasers. Magistrate 1851; registrar of deeds, 1852-3; Commissioner of Lands Canterbury, 1853, Chief Commissioner 1858. [ Lyttleton Times , 25 July 1876, p. 4S; various NZ newspapers].

BRITTEN, Bashley (1825-1882). Engineer. Born Christchurch, Hampshire, England. Patented methods for improved accuracy of shells from 1855, including rifling systems for existing weapons. In Vic during the 1850s, patenting a gold ore crushing machine 1857, returned to England 1858. [Various patent records, Vic and England]

BRITTEN, James (1846-1924). Botanist. Born Chelsea, London, England; junior assistant, Kew herbarium,1869-71; Botany Department British Museum 1871-1909. Editor Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 1879-1924. FLS 1876. Active Roman Catholic layman, appointed papal Knight of St Gregory 1897, Knight Commander 1917. [ ODNB ] Ternstroemia britteniana.

BRITTON, Nathaniel Lord (1859–1934). Botanist. Born Staten Island, New York, USA; trained as geologist & mining engineer, School of Mines, Columbia College PhD 1881. Published regional floras. Instructor in botany and geology, Columbia, 1887, then professor of botany 1891. Director New York Botanic Gardens from 1896. Editor Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1889-97. Member National Academy of Sciences 1914, Fellow American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1925, foreign member Linnean Society of London 1925, member American Philosophical Society 1928. [ Merrill (1938)]

BROCKMÜLLER, Hans Joachim Heinrich (1821-1882). Meat inspector, naturalist. Born Bahlen, Lower Saxony, Germany; trained as a teacher, taught at Grabow 1846-7, Wölschendorf 1857-66; meat inspector Schwerin, Mecklenburg 1866-82. Specialist in cryptogamic botany; active member Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte, Mecklenburg. [ Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg , vol. 36, pp. 203-8 (1883)]

BROCKWAY, George Giggeo (1825-1911). Librarian. Born Poole(?), Dorset, England; arrived Vic 1857. Appointed to Melbourne Public Library 1858, retired as Principal Assistant 1888; Librarian and secretary, Geelong Library, 1890-1895. [Various Victorian newspapers, Vic Blue Books]

BRODRIBB, William Adams (1809-1886). Pastoralist and politician. Born London, England; to Tas 1818; to NSW 1835, managing and later owning pastoral properties in the Riverina district until 1879. Politically active: MLA Vic 1861-2; MLA, NSW 1880-1, MLC 1881-6. FRGS 1874; founding member [Royal] Geographical Society of Australasia. [ ADB ]

BROMBY, Eliza Sophia [née LILLY] (1814-1883). Exploration organizer, fundraiser. Born Gloucester, England; married John Edward Bromby 1836, arrived Melbourne 1858. President, Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee 1865. [ ADB under J. E. Bromby; Channel Islands census 1851]

BROMBY, John Edward (1809-1889). Clergyman, headmaster. Born in Hull, England; educated Cambridge: mathematics and classics BA 1832, MA 1845; divinity BD 1845, DD 1850. Taught Bristol 1836-? founded proprietorial School Bristol ?-1847; Principal Elizabeth College, Guernsey 1847-54; Foundation headmaster Melbourne Church of England Grammar School 1857, arrived Melbourne 1858, retired 1874. Ordained priest 1836; curate Hull, 1854-7; admitted Diocese of Melbourne 1858; honorary vicar, St John’s Toorak, Vic 1875-7, St Paul’s Church Melbourne, 1877-; canon St Paul’s Cathedral, Melbourne, 1879. Active in public affairs: Royal commissioner on public education 1867; Board of Visitors, Melbourne Observatory 1864, secretary 1870; first Warden of Senate, University of Melbourne 1868, advocated admission of women students; controversially defended science against contravening holy writ. Husband of Eliza Bromby [ ADB ; Victoria Government Gazette] Brombya platynema

BROMFIELD, William Arnold (1801-1851). Botanist. Born Boldre, Hampshire, England; Graduated in medicine Glasgow 1823. Of independent means, travelled widely, botanizing in Scotland, Germany, Italy and France 1823(?)-1830; Ireland 1842; West Indies 1844; USA 1846; Egypt and Syria 1850-51, died Damascus. Based on Isle of Wight from 1836 and worked on its flora. FLS 1836. [ ODNB ; Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , vol. 2 pp. 182-3 (1848-55)]

BRONGNIART, Adolphe-Théodore (1801-1876). Botanist and palaeobiologist. Born Paris, France. Began publishing on fossil plants 1823, considered a founder of the field; proposed modifications to classification systems; worked on fungi and plant anatomy. Professor of vegetable physiology, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1834. Foundation member Société nationale d’horticulture de France 1827; Member Académie des Sciences Paris 1834, President 1847; Foreign Member, Royal Society of London 1852; Foundation member Société botanique de France 1854, President 1854. Officer, Légion d’honneur 1846. [ Annuaire p r osop o graphique : CTHS-La France savante; Bulletin de la Société botanique de France . vol. 23, pp. 60-82 (1876)]

BROOK, Henry (1824-1907). Public servant. Born Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England; arrived Vic 1854. Joined Victorian public service: Government Stores department 1857; Chief Secretary’s department 1864, Chief Clerk 1881-83.Insolvent 1883. [England Census Immigration records, Vic Blue Books, various Victorian newspapers].

BROOKE, James (1803-1868). Army officer and first Rajah of Sarawak. Born Secore, Benares, India; ensign, East India Company 1819, rising to sub-assistant commissary-general 1822. Wounded in action 1825; resigned commission 1831. Rajah of Sarawak 1842-63. Retired to Dartmoor, Devon. Encouraged and supported Alfred Russel Wallace. Hon DCL, Oxford 1847; KCB 1848. [ ODNB ]

BROOKE, John Henry (1826-1902). Journalist, politician. Born Lincolnshire, England; autodidact, apprenticed printer, later editor and manager Lincolnshire Times. Arrived Melbourne 1853; reporter Melbourne Morning Herald; superintendent of works Victorian Exhibition 1854. MLA 1856-64, President Board af Land and Works 1860-61. Left Vic 1867; proprietor and editor of Japan Daily Herald, Yokohama [ ADB ]

BROOKING, John Sherlock (1840-1916). Surveyor. Born Abbotskerswell, Devon England; civil engineer by1861. Arrived Melbourne 1861, in Melbourne to at least 1862; spent time in NZ until at least 1867, town surveyor Otago 1864; later, in SA, member of Goyder survey party to Northern Territory 1869-70. To WA 1871: surveyor in Government service, triangulation survey of settled districts; inspector of Plans and Surveys, 1885; Deputy-Surveyor General 1890, retired 1896. Active in church and musical life of colony. [ West Australian , 10 November 1916, p. 9; various Australian and NZ newspapers; England census records; WA Blue Books]

BROOKS, Henry (1828-1895). Merchant. Born West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England; to Vic 1853, established merchant business 1854, became Brooks, Robinson and Co; returned to England and set up independent merchant company c.1870 while retaining interest in Melbourne firm and acting as English agent of it. [ Argus (Melbourne) 6 December 1895, p. 4; England census 1891]

BROOKS, John Paul (1848-1930). Pastoralist. Born Dublin, Ireland; arrived Melbourne 1851, settled with mother and sister in Geelong after father died 1851; later dairy farming at ‘Yarra Grange’, Coldstream, Vic. To WA c.1874, settled at Point Malcolm; linesman Israelite Bay telegraph station 1877-83; established ‘Balbinia’ sheep station north of Israelite Bay. Brother of Sarah Theresa Brooks [ Sunday Times (Perth (WA), 27 November 1927, p. 22, Archer & Maroske (1996)]

BROOKS, Sarah Theresa (1850-1928). Born Plymouth, Devon, England; arrived Melbourne 1851, settled with mother and brother in Geelong after father died 1851, and moved with them to WA c.1874; at Israelite Bay 1877-98, ‘Balbinia’ sheep station 1898-28. Sister of John Paul Brooks [ Sunday T i mes (Perth, W. A.) 29 April 1828, p. 8; Archer & Maroske (1996)] Hakea brookeana, Scaevola brookeana

BROOM, Robert (1866-1951). Palaeontologist, physician. Born Paisley, Scotland; graduated Glasgow BSc 1887, MB, ChM 1889, DSc 1905. To Australia 1892, practised in NSW, Qld; worked on marsupial anatomy. To South Africa, in practice Port Nolloth, working on mammals, 1897; Pearston, 1898 working on Karoo fossils. Professor of Zoology and Geology, Stellenbosch 1903-09. After war service, in practice Transvaal. Curator of fossil vertebrates and anthropology, Transvaal Museum 1934. CMZSL; FRS 1920, Royal medal 1928; Geological Society of London Wollaston Medal, 1949. [ Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society , vol. 8, no. 21, pp. 36-70 (1952)]

BROOME, Christopher Edmund (1812-1886). Landowner, mycologist. Born Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England; graduated Cambridge 1832; lived in Somerset, friend of George Henry Kendrick Thwaites; owned land in Essex. Worked on fungi, chiefly with Miles Joseph Berkeley, including on those of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Qld. FLS 1866. [ Journal of Botany, British and Foreign , vol. 25, pp. 148-50 (1887)]

BROOME, Frederick Napier (1842-1896). Colonial administrator. Born in Montréal, Canada; educated in Shropshire, England. Farmed sheep NZ 1857-68; writer and journalist based in England 1869-75; Colonial Secretary Natal 1875-78, Mauritius 1878-80; Lieutenant Governor Mauritius 1880-83; Governor WA, 1883-89; acting governor Barbados, 1890; Governor, Trinidad, 1891-96. CMG 1878, KCMG 1884. [ ADB ]

BROOMFIELD, John (1820-1903). Merchant navy captain, horticulturalist. Born Hampshire, England; went to sea 1835; Master Mariner certificate 1845. From c.1856 merchant and ships’ chandler based in Sydney; company director. Maintained extensive gardens at Balmain, NSW; specialist in orchid culture. Vice President Royal Agricultural Society of NSW, President Horticultural Society of NSW. [ Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser , 26 August 1903, p. 548; various NSW newspapers]

BROTHERTON, Anna Mary Winfield (1874-1956). Botanical collector. Born in Melbourne; moved to Castlemaine, Vic with family on father’s retirement, 1887; honorary secretary Castlemaine Field Ramblers’ Club. Daughter of Henry Brotherton. [ Marosk e &Vaughan (2014)]

BROTHERTON, Henry (1824-1899). Public servant. Born Whalley, Lancashire, England; to Vic after 1851; joined Public Works Department: clerk, 1853: accountant 1874-87; acting secretary for Public Works 1887; retired to Castlemaine, Vic. Father of Anna Mary Winfield Brotherton. [ Mount Ale x ander Mail , 30 October 1899, p. 2; Vic Blue Books, Non-conformist baptismal record TNA RG 4/1995]

BROTHERUS, Viktor Ferdinand (1849-1929). Botanist. Born Åland, Finland; University of Helsinki, graduated 1873, D.Phil 1884. Taught natural sciences at girls’ school in Helsinki, 1878-1917. Studied bryology, especially mosses, in own time. [ Annales de cryptogamie exotique , series 2, vol. 2, pp. 205-16 (1929)]

BROUN [born BROWN], Thomas (1838-1919). Soldier, farmer, teacher, entomologist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; privately tutored. Served in Crimea, Burma and India, invalided out 1862. To NZ 1863, captain in Waikato Militia 1863-66; unsuccessfully farmed at Ōpōtiki 1866-76; teacher Auckland Board of Education 1876-88. Government entomologist 1894-1907. Long standing interest in coleoptera, collected for British Museum in Burma; began publishing NZ species 1875. Major (Militia?) 1906. Chevalier, Légion d’honneur, 1916. Fellow, Entomological Society. [ Dictionary of New Z ealand Biography ; various NZ newspapers]

BROWN, Clarence Dircksey Torva (1864-1924). Pastoralist. Born Glengarry, near Geraldton, WA; pearler? Held various properties in Murchison area of WA, retired to Geraldton c.1901. Investigated use of native plants for dyestuff. Son of Kenneth Brown, nephew of Maitland Brown. [Various Australian newspapers; WA birth registration index]

BROWN, David (1847-1911). Pastoralist. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; to Vic 1867; worked on sheep properties, manager ‘Mossgiel’ NSW 1875, later manager ‘Kallara’ and ‘Gooimpa’ on Darling River, acquired financial interest in both; to Melbourne 1896. Pioneered use of artesian water supply. [ Pastoralists’ Review , 15 November 1911, p. 940]

BROWN, George (1835-1917). Missionary. Born Barnard Castle, Durham, England; to NZ 1855. Local preacher Methodist Society; ordained in Sydney, missionary in Samoa 1860-74; in New Britain 1877-80. In Sydney from 1881, General Secretary for missions, retired 1908. Active linguist, zoological and anthropological collector, writer and newspaper correspondent. Active in Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science; FRGS 1877; CMZSL; Honorary DD McGill University 1892. [ ADB ]

BROWN, Gilbert Wilson (1832-1918). Educationist. Born London, England; educated Cambridge, BA 1855 (MA 1881). To Vic 1856; mathematics master Scotch College 1858; headmaster Flinders National Grammar School, Geelong 1858-59; Inspector National Board of Education 1862-72; Inspector General Victorian Education Department 1872-78; Secretary Education Department 1878-89; Clerk to Executive Council 1889-92. [ ADB ]

BROWN, Henry Yorke Lyell (1844-1928). Geologist. Born Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, Canada; studied Royal School of Mines, London 1863-64. Geological Survey of Victoria 1865-69; Government Geologist WA 1870-72. Private mining work Vic and NZ 1872-74; Geological Survey Canada 1874-75; private mining work Vic, NSW 1875-81, NSW Geological Survey, 1881-82; Government Geologist SA 1882-1911. [ ADB ; Z eller & Brannagan (1893)]

BROWN, J. (fl. 1880s). Of Burkes Flat, Vic goldfields, c. 75 km west of Bendigo. Not further identified.

BROWN, James Newbury (c.1838-1915). Gardener. Born England. Arrived Vic c.1863; gardener for Edward Fanning, St Kilda, Vic. 1880s. [ Lea d er (Melbourne), 12 December 1891, p. 10; Vic death certificate 7947/1915]

BROWN, John (1804-1871). Master builder, spirit merchant. Born Marykirk, Kincardineshire, Scotland; to Van Diemen’s Land (now Tas) 1832, to Vic c.1838. Partner in building firm 1832-1843; spirit merchant 1843-c.1863. Lived at ‘Como’ house 1853-64. Strong horticultural interests. [ Illustrated Australian News for Home Readers (Melbourne), 15 June 1871, p. 139]

BROWN, John Croumbie (1808-1895). Clergyman, botanist. Born Haddington, Scotland. London Missionary Society: missionary St. Petersburg, Russia 1833-37; Cape Town, Cape Colony 1844-48. Pastor, Aberdeen, Scotland 1849-53. Botany lecturer, medical school, King’s College Aberdeen 1853-62; Colonial Botanist, Cape Colony 1863-66. Returned to Scotland, published on South African forestry and hydrology. LLD King’s College Aberdeen 1858. FLS, FRGS. [ S 2 A3 ]

BROWN, John Ednie (1847-1899). Silviculturist, forest conservator. Born Borthwick, Midlothian, Scotland; trained with father as forester; managed estates in Yorkshire and Sussex, England; study tour in USA and Canada, 1871-2. In Canada when appointed Conservator of Forests, SA 1878-90; Director General of Forests, NSW 1890, retrenched 1893. Reported on WA forests 1895-6; first Conservator of Forests WA 1896-9. FLS 1879, Member Royal Society of SA 1881; FRHS, 1890. Brother of William Brown. [ ADB ; various Australian newspapers; Scottish Parish records.]

BROWN, John William (1839-1912). Surveyor. Born Hobart, Tas; apprenticed as surveyor; numerous surveys as District Surveyor in north-east Tas; surveys in Bass Strait islands. Knowledgeable botanist and geologist. [ Mercury (Hobart), 4 December 1912, p. 5]

BROWN, Kenneth (1837-1876). Explorer, pastoralist. Born Dorchester, Dorset, England; migrated with family to WA, 1841. Partner in family property ‘Glengarry’, Champion Bay, from 1863, paid out by brothers 1872. Exploring party to Glenelg River, WA 1863, included James Martin. Executed for murder of second wife 1876. Father of Clarence Dircksey Torva Brown, brother of Maitland Brown. [Victoria Marriage certificate 1968/1873; various Australian newspapers, Age (Melbourne) 26 June 1876, p. 3.]

BROWN, Lee (1838-1911). Grazier. Born Bedford, England; arrived Vic 1863, described as ‘gold seeker’. Butcher, Talbot; sheep farmer, Donald; later at Cope Cope. Secretary, Farmers’ Union, (St Arnaud branch?), 1879. [ Australasian (Melbourne), 30 December 1911, p. 1694; immigration record; various Victorian newspapers]

BROWN, Maitland (1843-1905). Explorer, squatter, public servant. Born near York, WA; worked on, later partner in, family property ‘Glengarry’, Champion Bay, until it and his adjoining ‘Newmarracarra’ sold in 1877. Member of Francis Gregory ’s exploring party 1861. WA magistrate: Greenough 1865, Geraldton, combined with other duties as Government Resident, 1886. Member of Parliament: nominated MLC 1870, elected MLC 1874-86. Brother of Kenneth Brown; uncle of Clarence Dircksey Torva Brown. [ ADB ] Scaevola maitlandi

BROWN, Nicholas Edward (1849-1934). Botanist. Born Redhill, Surrey, England. Curator W.W. Saunders’ private museum, Reigate, Surrey. Kew Herbarium: Assistant 1873, assistant keeper 1909-14. Authority on succulents, asclepiads, and South African Cape plants; worked on Iridaceae and Mesembryanthema at Kew after retirement; microscopist, studied diatoms as hobby. ALS 1879, University of Witwatersrand Hon DSc 1932. [Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, vol. 73, pp. 19-21 (1935)]

BROWN, Nicholas John (1838-1903). Pastoralist, politician. Born Hobart, Tas; commenced farm work 1852, eventually owned property in Tas midlands. Member, House of Assembly 1875-93, Minister for lands and works, 1877-78, 1882-87; speaker of the Assembly 1891-93, 1897-1903. Federationist. Member, University of Tasmania Council, 1890. Trustee, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, 1890. [ ADB ]

BROWN, Robert (1842-1895). Botanist, geographer. Born Campster, Caithness, Scotland; Studied Edinburgh (BA 1860), Leiden, Copenhagen, Rostock (Hon PhD 1870). Travelled in North Atlantic, Pacific, North and South America, north-west Africa; botanist to British Columbia expedition 1863, leader Vancouver Island expedition 1864; studied glaciation Greenland 1867. Lecturer: Edinburgh School of Arts natural history from 1869; University of Edinburgh medicine, botany, geology; unsuccessful applicant Professor of Botany 1873. Journalist and writer of popular science; leader writer for London Standard 1879-95. FLS 1873, FRGS, c.1863. [ ODNB ]

BROWN, Robert [also occurs as RBr, R.Br.] (1773-1858). Botanist, microscopist. Born Montrose, Scotland; studied at Marischal College, Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh, but did not graduate. Ensign and assistant surgeon, Fifeshire regiment, 1795-1800; naturalist to Mathew Flinders’s maritime survey of Australia 1800-05; Librarian, Linnean Society of London 1805-22; Librarian to Sir Joseph Banks 1810-20. Inherited Banks’s house and life interest in Banks’s collection and library; transferred to British Museum 1827; Keeper Botany British Museum 1827-58. DCL Oxford 1832, Hon LLB Glasgow 1834; Banksian Medal, Royal Horticultural Society 1825; Honorary FRSE 1825. Foreign Associate, Académie des Sciences, Paris 1833. Royal Geographical Society, initial council member and FRGS 1830. Linnean Society: ALS 1798, FLS, 1822, President 1849-53; Royal Society of London: FRS 1811, Copley Medal 1839, Vice President 1843-44. Declined Civil List Pension £200 p.a. 1843-44. [ ODNB ] [Many eponyms, mostly by recombination as Mueller revised generic limits]

BROWN, T. (fl.1895). Of Adelaide, SA. Not further identified.

BROWN, Walterus le Brun (1843-1928). Pastoralist, auctioneer, journalist, police magistrate. Born Paterson, NSW; after schooling, worked on property of brother-in-law ‘Degilbo’, Burnett district, Qld; in Tumut NSW from c.1867, auctioneer Adelong NSW 1869; auctioneer and agent Wangaratta Vic c.1872-74; proprietor Wilcannia Times 1874, insolvent 1886. Clerk of Petty Sessions, Wilcannia 1880-?; Police Magistrate NSW towns 1888-1914. [ Brisbane Courier , 3 August 1928, p. 17; NSW Blue Books; various Australian newspapers]

BROWN, William (1835-1903). Agricultural educator. Born King Edward, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; trained with his father as forester and estate manager; worked on estates in Aberdeenshire. Land valuer and estate agent, Canada, 1872-c.1874; Professor of Agriculture, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, c.1874-88. Agricultural College Principal, Vic: Longeronong 1889-90, Dookie 1891 until retrenched 1894. Agricultural journalist, Weekly Times (Melbourne) ?-1896. Manager, Lord Brassey’s Broomhill Estate, WA, March-October 1896; Director of experimental farms, WA Bureau of Agriculture 1896-? Brother of John Ednie Brown. [Falvey & Bardsley (1997); various Australian newspapers, Scottish Parish records].

BROWN, William Henry Thomas (1840-1926). Mariner, parliamentarian, conservator of forests. Born Hobart; went to sea age 12, master age 19, engaged in inter-colonial and Mauritius trade; occasionally to Great Britain. Farmed at Campbell Town, Tas. Active in local politics: councillor 1875-84, Road Trust trustee 1876-88; Member Tas House of Assembly, 1882-89, 1893-1903. Conservator of Forests 1889-92. Elected FLS but cancelled at his request 1890. [ Mercury (Hobart) 22 July 1926, p. 7]

BROWN, William Isles (1834-1924). Contractor, farmer. Born Dundee, Angus, Scotland; to Vic 1854. Government contractor, Darraweit Guim and surrounding districts; to Echuca district c.1876. Active in civic affairs. [ Riverine Herald , 1 March 1924, p. 2; various Vic newspapers]

BROWNE, Arthur Henry Leighton (1854-1929). Accountant. Born Richmond, Vic; educated Melbourne Church of England Grammar School. Company Secretary Château Tahbilk winery and associated Australian Freehold Land and Produce Company; wine judge; active in Viticultural Society of Victoria, President 1916-19 [Various Victorian newspapers].

BROWNE, John Collis (1819-1884). Army surgeon, inventor. Born Maidstone, Kent, England; MRCS 1842, extra-licentiate Royal College of Physicians 1845; Army Medical Service 1845-56, served in China, India, Cape Colony; developed chlorodyne for treatment of cholera 1848; assigned right of manufacture and sale of ‘Dr. J. Collis Brownes Chlorodyne’ to partner J. T. Davenport c.1856; numerous maritime patents. [ ‘C. D . W’ . (1973)]

BROWNE, John Harris (1817-1904). Medical practitioner, pastoralist. Born Wiltshire, England; studied medicine École de Médecine Paris, MRCS Edinburgh 1839. Arrived Adelaide 1840; in 1845 SA medical register; medical officer with Charles Sturt’s expedition 1844-45; JP 1851. Ran sheep stations with older brother William James Browne 1842-70; returned to England 1870s but made extended later visits to South Australia. [ ADB ]

BROWNE, Jonathan Watts (1827-1908). Accountant and secretary. Born Harwich, Essex, England; in Beaufort, Vic c.1856-1906. Secretary to local and regional organizations, including Ararat Mining Board, Beaufort United Common, Beaufort Cemetery Trust; committee member and one-term President, Beaufort Mechanics’ Institute. Auditor several Shire Councils. [ Ballarat Star , 25 August 1908, p. 2; various Victorian newspapers]

BROWNE, Justin McCarty (1830-1889). Businessman. Born Launceston, Tas. Joined Californian gold rush. In Hobart Tas established Justin Brown and Co., shipping agents and importers; director of other companies. Land title commissioner; Warden Hobart Marine Board; active committee member in public affairs; member of Council, Royal Society of Tasmania . Consul for France. Father-in-law of William Lambert Dobson. [ Mercury (Hobart), 22 July 1889, p. 3]

BROWNE, Thomas Gore (1807-1887). Soldier, colonial Governor. Born Aylesbury, England; enlisted Army age 16, Lieutenant colonel 1845; Governor: St Helena 1851; NZ 1851, recalled 1861; Tasmania 1861-68; temporary administrator Bermuda 1870-71. KCMG 1869. [ ADB ]

BROWNE, William James (1815-1894). Medical practitioner, pastoralist, politician. Born Wiltshire, England; studied medicine École de Médecine Paris, MRCS Edinburgh 1838. Arrived Adelaide 1839; in 1845 SA medical register. Took up land; ran sheep stations with younger brother John Harris Browne 1842-70. Member SA House of Assembly 1860-62. To England 1866, later visiting SA several times; settled in Devon from 1878. [ ADB ]

BROWNING, John (c.1831-1925). Scientific instrument maker. Born Kent (some sources give London); trained in medicine Guy’s Hospital, London. Apprenticed to his father, a maker of nautical instruments; developed business relating to ophthamological devices; produced precision lenses and spectroscopes. Fellow Royal Astronomical Society 1865; a founder of British Optical Association 1895. [Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 90, pp. 359-62 (1930)]

BROWNLEE, John (1791-1871). Missionary. Born Wishaw, Lanarkshire, Scotland; to South Africa with London Missionary Society, 1817; left Society 1817; government agent to Xhosa 1818-25; rejoined LMS, founding mission station King William’s Town 1825. [ Dictionary of African Christian Biography , accessed 25 February 2022]

BROWNLESS, Anthony Colling (1817-1897). Medical practitioner, university administrator. Born Kent, England; apprenticed as physician; MRCS 1841, LSA 1841, MD St Andrews 1847; FRCS 1884. Arrived Melbourne 1852. Physician to Melbourne Benevolent Asylum 1853, Melbourne Hospital 1854-66, consulting physician 1866, extensive private practice. University of Melbourne: member of council 1855; active in initiating medical school opened 1862; Vice-chancellor 1858-87; Chancellor 1887-97. Active in Roman Catholic affairs, especially Catholic education committee; knighthood Order of St Gregory 1870, Knight Commander Order of Pius 1893. Honorary LLD, St Andrews and Melbourne, both 1888. CMG 1888, KCMG 1893. [ ADB ] Achras brownlessiana.

BRUCE, Henry Austin [1st Baron ABERDARE] (1815-1895). Politician. Born Dyffryn Aberdâr, Glamorgan, Wales; called to the Bar (Lincolns Inn) 1837, retired from practise 1843. Magistrate Merthyr Tydfil 1847-52. Elected MP 1852, Under-secretary Home Office 1862-64; lost Welsh seat 1868, elected for Renffrewshire, Scotland 1869, Home Secretary 1868-73. Raised to peerage as Lord Aberdare; Lord President of the Council, 1873-74. Remained active in public life: chair of various Royal Commissions, including Welsh educational reform; first Chancellor of University of Wales. FRS 1876; Royal Historical Society, president 1878-92; Royal Geographical Society, president 1880-85; Royal Horticultural Society, president 1876-1885. [ OD N B , various issues of Times (London)]

BRUCE, James (fl. 1860s). Farmer. Purchased land Cranbourne, Vic 1858; returned to UK c.1863, reported as living in Chislehurst, Kent c.1872, and in Scotland 1889. Cranbourne property advertised for long lease, 1862; advertised for sale through attorney, Bruce ‘now living in Europe’ 1876. Donated meteorite to British Museum. [ Lucas et al (1994); various Victorian Newspapers.]

BRUCE, James Donald (1830-1893). Tea planter. Born Suddeeah, Assam, India; son of C. A. Bruce who developed tea plantation in Assam. Joined Victorian Public Service, 1853, Gold receiver 1857-63. In Assam by 1864. [Vic Blue Books; various Australian newspapers]

BRUCE, John (1818-1870). Military officer. Born Athlone, Ireland; educated Military College, Sandhurst; ensign 1828, captain 1842; served in Bengal, China, staff officer Tilbury, UK. Staff officer to Pensioner Force, WA 1850; In charge WA volunteer force 1861, Colonel 1863. Member Executive Council WA 1854, Acting Governor 1862, 1868-69. [ ADB ] Eriostemon brucei.

BRUCE, John Monro (1840-1901). Businessman. Born Brooklawn, County Leitrim, Ireland; arrived Vic 1858. Joined warehouse firm 1860, partner by 1868 until 1878; joined softgoods firm, Paterson, Laing & Bruce, as resident partner 1879-97, bought out partners 1897, floating limited liability company; acquired Tas and NSW firms. Harbor Trust commissioner 1883-90; president: Young Men’s Christian Association, Melbourne Hospital, Warehousemen’s Association, Softgoods Association, Royal Melbourne Liedertafel. [ ADB ]

BRUCE, John Vans Agnew (1822-1863). Road and railway contractor. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; arrived Vic 1854. Road contractor Gisborne, Vic; rail contractor and foundry operator, Castlemaine; ruthless exploiter of labour. [ ADB ]

BRUNEL, André Adolphe (1810-1871). Naval surgeon. Born Hyères, France; studied medicine École navale de Médecine, Toulon, 1832, Montpellier 1838. Naval surgeon, River Plate Uruguay 1838-40; Charity Hospital Montevideo 1842-70 when returned to France. President Medical Junta of Montevideo; Chevalier Légion d’honneur; Brazilian Order of Christ; Gold medal Benevolent Society of Montevideo. [‘Notice sur le Dr Ad. Brunel’ in Brunel (18 7 0) ; Diccionario Uruguayo Biografias ]

BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, Karl (1823-1914). Physicist, entomologist. Born Bern, Switzerland; studied physics and geology, Geneva; Berlin doctorate 1846. Introduced telegraphy to Switzerland 1851, Austria 1857, later Greece and Turkey. Minister in Austrian Ministry of Commerce, 1872. Studied Orthoptera. Appointed ‘Ritter’, 1880. [ Deutsche biographie ; ‘J. A. G . R. ‘ (1913)]

BRUNNING, George (1830-1893). Nurseryman. Born Lowestoft, Suffolk, England; trained as gardener Somerleyton Hall, Suffolk. Arrived Vic 1853; manager, John Rule nursery, Richmond Vic 1854. Designed gardens while establishing own nursery St Kilda 1856. [ ADB , Aitken & Looker (2002)]

BRUNTON, Donald Smith (1841-1899). Presbyterian clergyman. Born Campbelltown, Argyll, Scotland; arrived Melbourne 1863, licensed to preach by Presbytery of Melbourne 1866. Minister at Queenscliff, Vic 1869, then at Trentham, Blackwood and Ballan; to Tas as minister in Launceston. [ Launceston examiner (Tas), 28 September 1899, p. 3; various Victorian newspapers]

BRUWAERT, François Edmond (1847-1927). Consul and writer on art history. Born Paris; joined consular service 1873, until 1882 in Paris; served Chicago 1882, China 1886, Melbourne 1887, Chicago and New York 1887; other postings include Havana 1902, Uruguay 1904; retired 1911. Légion d’honneur: chevalier 1886, officer 1893. [ Archives nationales (France); various French and United States newspapers]

BRYSON, William Edward (1823-1903). Civil engineer. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; railways civil engineer Ireland; railway bridge engineer New York 1851-52: arrived Melbourne 1853. Victoria Railways department; private practice; later shire engineer for Boroondara, Goulbourn, Nunawading, Oakleigh. Member Philosophical Institute of Victoria/Royal Society of Victoria. [Various newspapers: USA, Victoria, journals of Philosophical Institute and Royal Society Vic; Argus (Melbourne) 26 June 1903. p. 1]

BUCHANAN, Isaac (c.1818-1869). Merchant, cattle grazier. Born Dunbartonshire, Scotland; junior in Glasgow shipping firm; arrived Port Phillip 1839, established partnership of Bells & Buchanan as general merchants and importers Melbourne with hinterland pastoralist interests c.1841; additionally formed partnership with Robert Turnbull, Port Albert; from c.1850 held ‘Roseneath’ near Lake Wellington, Gippsland; had interest with Angus Macmillan in ‘Sandy Creek’.[ Gippsland Times , 15 June 1869, p. 3; ‘Bells & Buchanan’, Australasian (Melbourne), 14 March 1936, p. 4; Vic death certificate 5532/1869]

BUCHANAN, John (1819-1898). Botanist, artist. Born Levenside, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; pattern designer in calico printworks. To NZ 1852, farmed near Dunedin. Assistant on surveys 1856-9. Recommended by Joseph Hooker to James Hector; employed as botanist and draughtsman on Otago survey 1863, Geological Survey and Colonial Museum, Wellington 1865-85. Foundation member New Zealand Institute, lithographed illustrations for its Transactions. FLS 1876. [ Dictionary of New Zealand Biog r aphy ; Adams (2002)]

BUCHANAN, John (1821-1903). Clergyman. Born Chryston, Lanarkshire, Scotland; MA Glasgow; ordained Free Church of Scotland 1844. To Natal 1861, organized Presbyterian Church in Durban and Pietermaritzburg; collected botanically in Natal. Resigned ministry 1874; collected in Orange Free State to 1877. Later ministry in Madeira. Retired to Largs, Scotland 1880. [ Glen & Germishuizen (2010), p. 114]

BUCHANAN, William (1823-1884). Sawmiller; farmer. Born Stirling, Scotland; arrived Vic c.1851 with sawmill equipment, establishing partnership with Turnbull brothers at Sealers Cove; from c.1854 operated independent mill at Muddy Creek near Port Albert. From c.1866 farmed at Lindenow, Vic. [ Bairnsdale Advertiser , 22 March 1884, p. 2]

BUCHANAN, William Frederick (1824-1911). Pastoralist and gold prospector. Born Dublin, Ireland; arrived Sydney 1837 with parents and siblings, settled near Scone, NSW. Managed family properties including runs near Gunnedah and ‘Rimbanda’ in New England district. Prospected for gold, Gippsland Vic 1849, later discovered goldfields near ‘Rimbanda’; consolidated property holdings on sheep and cattle runs near Coonamble, c.1860; later moved to near Narrabri, adding holdings in NT and Qld. Life member Royal Colonial Institute 1886; FRGS, Fellow Royal Historical Society, JP (NSW). [ ADB ]

BUCHENAU, Franz Georg Philipp (1831-1906). Teacher, botanist. Born Cassel, Hesse, Germany; attended technical school in Kassel, influenced by Rudolph Phillipi. Studied at University of Marburg 1848; Göttingen doctorate 1850 on floral development. Qualified as teacher and taught high school, Cassel, then Bremen from 1855. Botanical morphologist, systematist and phytogeographer. [ Focke, W. O. (1909)]

BUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS, Duke of; see GRENVILLE , Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-,

BUCKLAND, Stephen Vine (c.1831-1886). Solicitor. Born Newtown, Sydney, NSW; to Geelong, Vic as youth. Articled clerk, admitted attorney 1855; partner in law firm that became Taylor, Buckland and Gates. Active in civic affairs: member and several terms as mayor, Newton and Chilwell Borough Council; President Geelong Hospital; co-founder Chilwell Free Reading Room; steward Geelong Racing Club. [ Geelong Advertiser , 28 October 1886, p. 3]

BUCKLEY, George (c.1835-1897). Railway contractor. Born Newcastle under Lyme, England; agricultural labourer. Arrived Vic c.1856; contract mason at Camperdown, later railway contractor, based Melbourne from c.1883; sons joined business as George Buckley & Sons. [ Camperdown Chronicle , 6 April 1897; Vic death certificate 5377/1897; various Vic newspapers.]

BUCKLEY, W [Captain Buckley] fl. 1860s. New Zealand; contributor to Melbourne Botanic Gardens. Not unambiguously identified.

BUCKLEY, William (1780-1856). ‘Wild white man’. Born Marton, Cheshire, England; served in 4th regiment, Netherlands, 1799. Convicted of receiving stolen goods, 1802; transported for life, arrived Port Phillip 1803; absconded, treated as reincarnation of chief of Watourong tribe with whom he lived near Bream Creek, Vic, until surrendering 1835; pardoned, employed as interpreter. To Hobart 1837, gatekeeper at Female Factory 1841-50. [ ADB ]

BUCKNALL, Henry (1837-1922). Farmer. Born Rodborough, Gloucestershire, England; arrived Vic with family 1843, settled near Carisbrook. To Natal 1860s, returned to Vic c.1874; in Genoa, Gippsland by 1892, several government roles: election returning officer, mining registrar and Crown Lands licences fee collector. [Rodborough Parish baptisms; Victoria Government Gazettes].

BUETTNER see BÜTTNER.

BUFTON, John (1858?-1911) [nom de plume “Brynithon”]. Clergyman; botanical and paleontological collector. Born Labinster, Radnorshire, Wales; grocery manager, Wrexham. Lay preacher; entered Nottingham Institute for training as Congregational minister; served briefly in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. To Vic 1888, pastor Rutherglen 1888; author and student including botany University of Melbourne, 1889-90; appointed to Tas 1891, ministries Bream Creek, Dunnally, Carlton and Tasman Peninsula; ordained Nottingham 1897 on visit to England.To WA: Assistant pastor Fremantle 1897, Pastor Bunbury 1899-1901, President Congregational Union. Retired to farm and orchard Dunnally, Tas 1901. Hon. PhD Ewing University Illinois 1901 for contributions to literature of Wales. FRHS 1892, FLS 1893, FRGS 1895, FGS 1900, Fellow Royal Meteorological Society 1901. Wrote poetry, prose fiction, hymns, history. [ Daily Post (Hobart), 6 May 1911, p. 7; Southern T ime s (Bunbury, WA), 9 February 1899, p. 3; various Australian newspapers]

BUICK, John (1822-1914). Shipwright, farmer and orchardist. Born Montrose, Scotland; ships carpenter. Arrived Adelaide 1844, to Kangaroo Island c.1854, built Kangaroo to trade between Kangaroo Island and St Vincent’s Gulf ports; farmer at American River. [ Kangaroo Island Courier , 14 March 1914, p. 4]

BUIST, Robert (1805-1880). Nurseryman, seedsman. Born Cupar, Fyfe, Scotland; trained with William McNabb, Edinburgh; worked at Elveston Castle, Derbyshire. To Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA 1828; partner with Thomas Hibbert 1830-3. Established R. Buist’s exotic nursery, inter alia specializing in ‘New Holland’ plants; published garden guides. Son Robert Buist ran seeds business from c.1861. [ History of Early American Landscape Design , accessed 1 April 2022]

BUIST, Robert (1837-1910). Nurseryman, seedsman. Born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA; worked with his father Robert Buist snr; in business on his own account 1855; when father retired purchased his business later creating Robert Buist & Co. [Beath (1910), pp. 60-1].

BULL, Henrik Johan (1844-1930). Businessman, whaler. Born Stokke, Norway; worked in trade and business Tønsberg. To Melbourne 1888 working in shipping and trading with Trapp, Blair & Co.; naturalized 1903. Led Antarctic exploration and whaling expedition to Ross Sea 1894-5, with landing at Cape Adare, Antarctica. From Norway led further expeditions to Antarctica: Catherine sealing expedition 1906, surviving shipwreck; Soglimt whaling expedition for own company 1907-8. [ Norsk Biografisk Leksikon , accessed 1 April 2022; National Archives of Australia, naturalization records A712, 1903/R3818; various Australian and British newspapers]

BULL, John Edward Newell (1806-1901). Military officer, public servant. Born Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland; commissioned Ensign 1825 after attending Sandhurst Military College, served in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1826-38; promoted Captain. To Hobart with 99th Regiment 1842, thence to Sydney; magistrate; assistant engineer in charge of convict road gangs to Bathurst. Commissioner for Crown lands, Vic: Bendigo 1852, Mt Alexander 1853; goldfields warden Castlemaine 1855-69, remaining there in retirement until 1897. Lieutenant Colonel Vic Volunteers 1863, retiring as Colonel. Active in civic affairs. Father of William McL Bull. [ ADB ]

BULL, William (1828-1902). Nurseryman. Born Winchester, Hampshire, England; trained with Henderson of St John’s Wood, London where supervised by William Allitt; acquired a nursery in Chelsea 1861; specialised in ornamental plants, warm-house flowering plants and orchids. Sent plant hunters to Colombia, South America. FRGS 1853; FLS 1866; FZSL 1874; FRHS (before 1874), Victoria Medal of Honour 1897. [ Gardeners’ Chronicle , 7 June 1902, p. 381]

BULL, William McLeod (1847-1921). Broker, surveyor?, farmer. Born Blackheath NSW; to Vic when father appointed Commissioner for Crown Lands, Bendigo 1852, then to Castlemaine 1853 until at least 1903; possibly a period in Qld c.1879. Later farmed near Rochester Vic c.1914-9 and then to Qld. Son of John E. N. Bull [‘The romance of the Great Western Road—Captain Bull, Commandant on the Blue Mountains in the Forties’, Truth (Sydney), 29 May 1921, p. 12; Freemason membership register; Australian electoral rolls, various issues of Mount Alexander Mail]

BULL, William Perkins (1819-1882). Tutor. Born Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England; date of arrival in Australia not found, but evidently in England census 1851 and not in 1861; in Tumbarumba, NSW from at least 1868, died there. [NSW Will Books 1800-1952, Grant of administration, No. 7478, 1882; Baptism register, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, no. 1363; England census]

BULMER, John (1833-1913). Anglican missionary. Born Monkwearmouth, Durham, England; apprenticed cabinet-maker 1849; to Vic 1852; despite Methodist background accepted for Anglican Aboriginal mission, Murray-Darling junction; established Lake Tyers mission, Gippsland, 1862. Ordained Anglican priest 1903; remained at Lake Tyers after secularization 1907 with religious duties only. [ Australian Dictionary of Evangelical Biography , accessed 5 April 2022; Baptism register, Monkwearmouth, Durham, 1833, no. 166]

BUNBURY, Diana Richardson (1811-1898). Settler of independent means. Born Ireland; to WA 1855, settled at Picton. Charitable giver; plant collector, amassing a large collection of WA specimens; supplier of seeds to Glasnevin Botanic Garden, Dublin. Collecting algae by at least 1872, commemorated by J. G. Agardh in Thamnoclonium bunburyens; dated herbarium specimens at MEL 1874-84, at K 1882-7. [ Bunbury Herald , 6 October 1898, p. 3; West Australian , 7 October 1898, p. 2; Maroske & Vaughan (2014); various Australian newspapers] Atriplex bunburyanum? (see Maroske & Vaughan)

BUNCE, Daniel (1813-1872). Explorer, botanist, newspaper columnist. Born Hertfordshire, England; trained as gardener. To Tas 1833, opening nursery in Launceston. To Port Phillip 1839, established nursery at St Kilda. Member second Ludwig Leichhardt expedition 1846. Unsuccessful applicant for directorship of Melbourne Botanic Garden 1849. Managed Bendigo mining company 1852-7. Director Geelong Botanic Gardens 1857. Wrote on Aboriginal language and contributed articles to newspapers. [ ADB , various Australian newspapers] Panicum buncei .

BUNNY, Maria Hedwig Dorothea [née WULSTEN] (1828-1902). Exploration organizer, fundraiser. Born Stargard, Pomerania, Germany (now Poland); arrived Vic c.1855, married Brice Frederick Bunny January 1856. Member Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee. [Stargard household registers; Vic death certificate 10376/1902; ADB ]

BURBIDGE, Frederick William (Thomas) (1847-1905). Botanist, author, explorer. Born Wymeswold, Leicestershire, England; gardener Royal Horticultural Society Chiswick, then Kew 1868-70; on staff of Garden, 1873-7. Collected for James Veitch & Sons in Borneo 1877-8; Curator Trinity College Garden, Dublin 1879-1905. FLS, FRHS, Victoria Medal of Honour 1897; Member Royal Irish Academy, 1887; Honorary MA Dublin 1889. [ Gardeners’ Chronicle , 6 January 1906, p. 10; Journal of Botany, British and Foreign , vol. 44, 1906, p. 80]

BURCHELL, William John (1781-1863). Explorer and naturalist. Born Fulham, London; worked at Kew Gardens. To St Helena 1805: superintendent Botanic Garden 1806, East India Company naturalist 1808. To Cape Town 1810, travelled through Cape Colony and Bechuanaland (now Botswana) 1811-5. Diplomatic mission to Brazil, collected natural history specimens 1825-30. DCL Oxford 1834. [ ODNB ]

BURDETT-COUTTS, Angela Georgina [suo jure Baroness BURDETT-COUTTS from 1871] (1814-1906). Philanthropist. Born London; inherited wealth of grandfather Thomas Coutts, banker. Major donor to Church of England, including endowing bishopric of Adelaide, SA; patron of elementary and technical education; supporter of Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institute (now Birkbeck College, University of London); patron of artists; promoted social reform in East End of London; supported relief work abroad, including Ireland and during Russo-Turkish and South African Wars. Part-funded David Livingstone and Henry Moton Stanley for African exploration. [ OD N B ]

BUREAU, Louis Édouard (1830-1918). Physician, botanist, palaeobotanist. Born Nantes, France; studied medicine at Nantes and Paris, MD 1852, DrPhil 1856, DrSciNat 1864. Muséum national d’histoire naturelle: Assistant 1872; Professor of botany and director of the phanerogamic and palaeobotanical collections 1874-1905; Director Jardin des Plantes 1883-1905. Founding member, Société botanique de France 1854, President 1875, 1883. 1902, 1905; Member, Académie de Medecine, 1901; Légion d’Honneur, chevalier 1894. [ Lecompte (1924)]

BURKE, Robert Bartlett (c.1818-1892). Settler, university administrator. Born Versailles, France; to Tas c.1836. To Vic c.1838; Chetwynd, Glenelg River, magistrate 1847; to Warrnambool ?-1850; held ‘Mt Shadwell’, Mortlake 1850-66; in Melbourne by c.1868. Secretary, then Librarian, Medical School, University of Melbourne, 1878-92. [various issues Victoria Government Gazette, Vic death certificate /19025607; probate administration records PROV, VPRS 28/P0002, 49/182; Vic Blue Books]

BURKE, Robert O’Hara (1821-1861). Policeman, explorer. Born St Clerans, County Galway, Ireland. Educated Woolwich Academy; Lieutenant, Austrian cavalry regiment to 1848, Irish Mounted Constabulary 1848-53. To Victoria 1853; acting Inspector, later Superintendent, Victoria Police. Appointed leader of Victorian Exploring Expedition (later renamed Burke and Wills Exploring Expedition) 1860: crossed Australia from south to north, died at abandoned depot at Coopers Creek on return journey. [ ADB ]

BURKILL, Isaac Henry (1870-1965). Botanist. Born Leeds, England. Educated Cambridge, BA 1891; Assistant curator Cambridge University herbarium, 1891-7; Assistant Kew Herbarium, 1897-1901. Indian Museum, Calcutta, India, 1901-12; Director, Singapore Botanic Garden, 1912-25. FLS 1894, botanical secretary 1937-44. [Desmond (1994); London Times, 9 March 1965, p. 14]

BURKITT, Edwin Sawtell (1837-1907). Banker. Born Cahore Point, Wrexford, Ireland; to NSW with family c.1849. To Vic c.1852; active in debating society, St Kilda late 1850s-early 1860s; in Otago NZ 1863. To SA by 1866; manager, later inspector, Bank of Adelaide; JP 1871. Interested in chemistry, SA patent applied for 1874. Son of John Burkitt (c.1804-1863), brother of John Birkitt (c.1834-1909) and William Christopher Burkitt. [ Advertiser (Adelaide), 24 October 1907, p. 6; various Australian and NZ newspapers; Vic death certificate for father]

BURKITT, Ellen Gaskin [née CARIGE] (1840-1916). Botanical collector. Born ‘Pandurra’ run, SA. Married William Christopher Burkitt 1872; collected plants on and near husband’s properties 1884-5. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BURKITT, John (c.1804-1863). Squatter. Born Cahore Point, Wrexford, Ireland; to NSW c.1849, to Vic c.1852. Held ‘Golgolow’ run, western NSW; traded as John Burkitt & Sons. Father of John Birkitt (c.1834-1909), William Christopher Burkitt and Edwin Sawtell Burkitt. [Various Australian and NZ newspapers; Vic death certificate 8848/1863]

BURKITT, John (c.1834-1909). Pastoralist. Born Cahore Point, Wrexford, Ireland; probably to NSW with family c.1849 and Vic c.1852. JP Walgett district, NSW c.1876-8. JP Glencoe, near Yam Creek, NT, 1880-c.1882. JP and manager of ‘Maxwellton’, Queensland, c.1883-c1896. Son of John Burkitt (c.1804-1863), brother of Edwin Sawtell Burkitt and William Christopher Burkitt. [Various Australian newspapers, Vic death certificate for father] Acacia burkitii (his name has been given as S. Burkitt, see Bentham (1863-78), vol. 2, p. 400), Swainsona burkittii (?)

BURKITT, William Christopher (1839-1908). Grazier. Born Cahore Point, Wrexford, Ireland; probably to NSW with family c.1849 and Vic c.1852. To SA by1860s, held properties ‘Lincoln Gap’, ‘Tingatingarna’, ‘Ediacara’, and ‘Montpena’; SA and intercolonial patents applied for 1885, 1891. JP, SA. Gold mining interest, SA? Stock inspector, Walkerville, SA. Son of John Burkitt (c.1804-1863), brother of John Birkitt (c.1834-1909) and Edwin Sawtell Burkitt; husband of Ellen Gaskin Burkitt. [May sometimes be confused with son William Clarence Burkitt (1874-1937), who managed ‘Tingatingarna’, later ‘Innamincka’, SA and ‘Newcastle Waters’, NT] [ Express and Telegraph (Adelaide), 6 July 1908. p. 1; various Australian newspapers. Vic death certificate for father]

BURLEY, Joseph (1839-1896). Caretaker. Born England; seaman; caretaker and messenger Melbourne Observatory 1879-90; caretaker and messenger English and Scottish Bank, then Standard Bank, from which stole 1,200 cigars, sentenced to one month gaol 1895. [Various Australian newspapers; Vic Blue Books; Vic Police Gazette , 15 January 1896]

BURMEISTER, Karl Hermann Konrad (1807-1892). Naturalist, traveller. Born Stralsund, Germany. Studied Greifswald and Halle, doctorates in both medicine and natural sciences 1829; high school teacher Berlin 1831; Professor of Zoology Halle, 1837-61, with periods of leave travelling and collecting in South America. Extreme left member of Prussian House of Representatives 1848-50. From 1861 in Argentina, director of Natural History Museum, Buenos Aires; active in founding natural sciences faculty, University of Cordoba. Director of Academia de Ciencias. [ Deutsche Biographie ; Taschenberg (1893)]

BURNS, John (c.1825-1921). Grazier. Born Auchtergaven, Perthshire Scotland; arrived Australia c.1852. Held, initially with his brother, ‘Jerra Jerra’, Cookardinia, NSW, by1862; sold 1902. JP, c.1870.[Various Australian newspapers]

BURRELL, George (1813-1876). Ship’s captain. Born Bocking, Essex, England; master of vessels trading in Australian and NZ waters by 1839, some longer voyages to UK and Asian ports by 1850. Pilot Board of Victoria: member 1854-61, secretary 1861-; municipal magistrate, Williamstown, Vic 1857, resigned 1858; proprietor of bonded warehouse 1858. [ Williamstown Chronicle , 16 December 1876, p. 2; various Australian newspapers, various issues Victoria Government Gazette]

BURROW, William (c.1816-1890). Cooper, businessman. Born Cornwall, worked as cooper; arrived Vic 1848, established cooperage in Geelong c.1849. Active in civic affairs, member Geelong City Council 1853-, Mayor 1858-60. JP 1869. [Various Victorian newspapers; Victoria Government Gazette; shipping records]

BURTON, Pritchard John (1824-1905). Market gardener, herbalist. Born Middlesex, England; newsagent in 1851 England Census. In Vic by 1852, established market garden; active in horticultural and agricultural societies. Herbalist. [Various Australian newspapers]

BURTON, Robert Charles (c.1836-1916). Telegraph line supervisor. Born Canada(?); in SA by 1870 when appointed Sub-Overseer for Overland Telegraph Line linking Adelaide and Darwin; in Qld Telegraph Department by 1881; in WA probably by 1893, certainly by 1912. Donor of plants and lepidoptera to Qld and WA museums. [Various Australian newspapers; George (2009)]

BUSK, George (1807-1886). Naturalist, surgeon. Born St Petersburg, Russia; educated Yorkshire; studied medicine St Thomas’s and St Bartholomew’s Hospitals, London; surgeon Royal Naval Hospital Greenwich 1830-55, consulting surgeon from 1866. Royal College of Surgeons: FRCS 1843; Hunterian Professor 1856-9; council member 1863-80, President 1871. Foundation Home Office Inspector (Cruelty to Animals (Vivisection) Act, 1876-85. Worked on bryozoa, cave fauna. Member and office bearer in numerous scientific societies including founder member Microscopical: 1839 President 1848-49; Linnean Society: FLS 1846, Zoological Secretary 1857-68, Vice-President 1869-82; Royal Society: FRS 1850, four periods as council member, Royal Medal 1871; Geological Society: FGS 1859, Lyell Medal 1878, Wollaston Medal 1885. [ ODNB , Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows ]

BUST, Robert Day (1812-1877). Butcher, farmer, auctioneer, public official. Born Winterton, Lincolnshire, England; farmed Saxby, Lincolnshire, bankrupt 1840. In NZ by 1844 until at least 1846, farmer and butcher Auckland. In England by 1847, practising as an auctioneer, Stamford, Lincolnshire, then Reading, Berkshire, bankrupt 1850. Arrived Vic 1854; pound keeper St Kilda 1858, Town Clerk, Brighton 1859-62, bankrupt 1862. In Otago NZ by 1863: licensed auctioneer 1863; Inspector of Cattle and Market Inspector 1864, bankrupt 1864, self-declared insolvent 1868; flax-dresser when bankrupt 1871. [Baptism register; Vic passenger lists; various UK, Australian and NZ newspapers]

BUTLER, Amy S. (f. 1889). Teacher. Taught at Holstein House Ladies College, Windsor, Vic. No other biographical details found. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

BUTLER, H. L. (f. 1862-1865). Lived in Calcutta, India; supplied and received animals in exchanges with Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Not further identified. [Various Victorian newspapers]

BUTLER, J. H. (f. 1862-1869). Lived in Calcutta, India; supplied Mueller with living Indian plants and seeds; sent Ganges fish for Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Not further identified. [M’s reports to government; various Victorian newspapers]

BUTLER, James Samuel (1855-1908). Civil engineer, local government official. Born Kettering, Northamptonshire, England; apprenticed to London and North-Western Railway Company; associate member Institute of Civil Engineers 1881; Assistant, then Draftsman, Roads, NSW Public Works, 1882-c.1885; briefly in private practice NSW and Daylesford Vic? Engineer Shire of Walhalla Vic 1887-90; Town Clerk and Surveyor, Borough of Hamilton Vic 1892-9; Town Clerk, Albany WA, 1899-1901; Secretary, engineer, Frankston and Hastings Shire Council Vic 1902-4; Secretary, engineer, Mornington Shire Council Vic 1905-8. [NSW Blue books; UK Civil Engineer lists 1885-86; Mornington Standard , 15 November 1902, p. 2; various WA and Vic newspapers]

BUTTERS, James Stewart (1832-1912). Businessman, politician. Born Blair Gowrie, Scotland; to Melbourne 1853, worked in stores in Melbourne and Warrnambool; stockbroker and gold buyer in partnership with W. G. Baillie. Established a stock exchange 1860; member Melbourne City Council, Mayor 1867. MLA 1868. In Fiji 1870-c.1876 when returned to Melbourne. MLC 1888-92. [ ADB ]

BUTTERWORTH, Archibald William (1866-1942). Policeman, military officer, colonial administrator. Born Tower of London, England; arrived Brisbane Qld 1885; Qld Police 1887-90; Armed Police, British New Guinea service 1890, Commander by 1892. Lieutenant, 4th Queensland Bushmen Boer War Contingent, promoted Captain in South Africa 1901, invalided to UK 1901; appointed to West African Frontier Force 1901, Nigeria, District Commissioner by 1912; war service as Captain, 3rd Nigeria Regiment; retired as Resident Magistrate by 1931. [various Australian and English newspapers; TNA WO 372/3/219616; England and Wales, 1939 Register]

BÜTTNER, Alexander Hieronymus (c.1837-1914). Medical practitioner. Born Minden, Germany; in SA c.1855 [1858?]; to Vic goldfields as partner with C. A. E. Gutheil in chemist and druggist business, also operating in Invercargill, NZ in 1863; partnership dissolved December 1864, with Büttner continuing the business. Naturalized 1861 while in Daylesford, Vic. Mueller provided letter of introduction to R. Virchow 1868. Berlin MD 1873, FRCS Edinburgh 1874, Licentiate Midwifery Glasgow 1874, Fellow Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons Glasgow 1874. Returned to Melbourne 1877, established practice 1878. Brother of Hermann Büttner; nephew of H. W. Bernard Büttner. [ Punch (Melbourne), 14 May 1913, p. 642; Australische Zeitung (Adelaide), 9 December 1914, p. 6; Bruck (1886) , p. 112; Vic death certificate 14939/1914, Victoria Government Gazette lists of medical practioners, 1879-1914] Labichea buettneriana.

BÜTTNER, Heinrich Wilhelm Bernhard (c.1808-?). Pharmacist, innkeeper. Arrived SA September 1845; with partner Moritz Heüzenroeder established pharmacy in Adelaide; partnership dissolved 1849. Innkeeper Tanunda 1849. Uncle of Hermann and Alexander Büttner. [Various SA newspapers; no further record found after 1850]

BÜTTNER, Johann Hermann (c.1836 -1914). Merchant. Born Minden, Germany; to SA 1850; to Vic by 1854. Opened stores in Daylesford, prospering in gold-rush. Partner with Hallenstein brothers, storekeepers and wholesale traders Melbourne and NZ. Partnership dissolved 1871, thereafter of independent means; international travel 1870s, in Melbourne from 1877. Brother of Alexander Büttner; nephew of Heinrich Wilhelm Bernhard Büttner [ Australische Zeitung (Adelaide), 19 August 1914, p. 12; various Australian and NZ newspapers; Vic death certificate 10658/1914]

BUXTON, James Thomas (1856-1930). Businessman, alderman. Born Ashby, Geelong, Vic; in business as stationer and artists’ colourman Melbourne by early 1880s, opened new premises for major business as artistic stationer, supplier of artists’ materials, engraver and printer, including galleries 1885. Auctioneer. Melbourne City Council: councillor, 1886-93. To South Africa as stationer and journalist c.1900-13. Stationer, Sydney, from 1914. [Darragh (2023); Australasian (Melbourne), 13 June 1885, p. 7; Evening News (Sydney), 11 October 1930, p. 1; various Vic and NSW newspapers]

BYERLEY, Frederick John (1826-1897). Civil engineer, surveyor. Born France; to Vic 1841 with widowed mother; Assistant Surveyor Vic Survey Office 1852, dismissed 1858. To Rockhampton Qld 1860, private practice. Qld public service: Engineer of Roads for Northern District, 1864; Inspector General of Roads 1874-80. Private practice, including periods as consulting engineer and surveyor to Rockhampton Municipal Council. Active interest in environmental conservation. [ Morning Bulletin (Rockhampton), 16 March 1897, p. 5; Cossins (1999), vol 2, pp. 24-5]

BYNOE, Benjamin (1803-1865). Ship’s surgeon and naturalist. Born Barbados; Member Royal College of Surgeons 1825. Joined Beagle 1825 as assistant surgeon to South America; again 1831-6 to South America and circumnavigated the world, shipmate of Charles Darwin; surgeon on Beagle survey of Australian coast 1837-43; Fly survey, Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait 1843-6, shipmate of John MacGILLIVRAY; appointments on several other naval vessels; shore-based as staff surgeon 1860, retired list 1863. Extensive botanical and zoological collections. [ ODN B ]

BYRNE, Francis [“Frank”] Arthur (1837-1923). Coach agent; local and state politician. Born Singleton, NSW. Cobb and Co: drove coaches, Vic c.1853, then Riverina regions, NSW c.1870: road manager, then coach agent, Hay, NSW. Hay Municipal Council: Alderman from 1885, Mayor 1893, 1895; MLA (NSW) 1898-1904. [ Riverine Grazier (Hay), 4 July 1905, p. 2; Riverine Grazier , 10 July 1923, p. 2; NSW death certificate 1923/011121]

BYRNE, Robert (1822-1909). Land and estate agent; politician. Born Dublin, Ireland; to New York USA 1848, auctioneer. Arrived Melbourne 1852, auctioneer, house and land agent; member Melbourne City Council, 1856; MLA 1866-70, Treasurer September 1869-January 1870. Estate compulsorily sequestrated 1893, bankruptcy discharged 1895. [ Hum p hries (1882), pp. 251-2; Argus (Melbourne), 29 March 1909, p. 8; various Victorian newspapers]

C

CADELL, Francis, 1822-79, ship owner and entrepreneur. Born Cockenzie, Scotland. Settled SA 1852. Established steam navigation on the Murray River. Led SA government expedition to the Northern Territory to choose site for capital, 1867, recommendations ignored; 1870s whaling in NZ, trading in the South Pacific, pearling on the NW coast of Aust. [ ADB ]. Cadellia.

CAETANI, Onorato, Prince Teano (1842-1917). Politician. Born Rome; Graduated Law, La Sapienza, Rome; lived in England for a period. Member of Chamber of Deputies 1872-1911, briefly Foreign Minister 1896; Senator from 1911. Municipal Council, Rome: elected 1880, Mayor 1890-92. President Italian Geographical Society 1879-1887. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

CAIRNS, Adam, 1802-81, clergyman. Born in Scotland. Educated at St Andrews and Edinburgh Universities. Minister to various Scottish parishes, 1825-47. Led Free Church mission to Vic., 1853, establishing Chalmers Church, East Melbourne. First Principal of Presbyterian Church’s Theological Hall, 1866 [ADB]. Caladenia cairnsiana.

CALDWELL, Robert (1843-1909). Agriculturalist; politician. Born Ayrshire, Scotland; arrived Adelaide SA 1849. Farmed Mt. Templeton Mid-North; Yorke Peninsula; finally Woodside, Adelaide Hills. Member, House of Assembly: for Yorke Peninsula 1884-1890, for Onkaparinga 1890-1902. Served on many public bodies, especially those concerned with agriculture. [ Advertiser (Adelaide) 3 November 1909, p. 10]

CALDWELL, William Hay, 1859-1941, Scottish zoologist. Educated at Cambridge. Became a demonstrator in comparative anatomy. Visited Australia in 1883-4. Established that Monotremes lay eggs. Paper manufacturer in Scotland from 1887 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

CALLAWAY, A. (fl. 1887). Not further identified.

CALLAWAY, Charles James (1860-1946). Farmer. Born Amherst, Vic; with parents to Heytesbury Forest selection, Vic.1875; farmed on own account Cowleys Creek (now Timboon), Vic; hop grower from c.1890. Active in civic affairs. [Various Victorian newspapers].

CALLAWAY, William Alfred (1857- 1937). Civil servant. Born South Yarra, Vic; appointed civil service clerk 1873, initially in Hospitals for the Insane, to Chief Secretary’s office 1879, rising to Under Secretary, 1908-1921 (also Inspector General of Prisons 1910-15); numerous civic and literary interests. [ Argus (Melbourne) 22 April 1937, p. 12; Vic Blue Books; various Victorian newspapers]

CALVERT, Albert Frederick (1872-1946). Traveller, author. Born Kentish Town, Middlesex, England; visited WA 1890, conducted expeditions Lake Gairdner, SA to Upper Murchison River, WA, 1890, 1891 and 1892, returned to London. Again in Australia 1895-96, in London by 1897. Offered to finance expedition for RGSA (SA Branch), conducted by L. A. Wells, but Calvert could not meet expenses incurred. Bankrupt 1898. Prolific author, including on Nigeria and German Africa. [ AD B ]

CALVERT, James Snowden (1825-1884). Explorer, pastoral manager, botanist. Born Otley, Yorkshire, England. Arrived Sydney NSW 1842, meeting Ludwig Leichhardt on voyage. Joined Leichhardt on overland journey from Moreton Bay Qld to Port Essington, NT 1844. Managed Cavan station, near Yass NSW. Developed botanical interests. Married Louisa Atkinson 1869. [ ADB ]

CALVERT, Louisa. See Louisa Atkinson.

CAMARA, Antonio [Anthony] de la (1829-1884). Botanical Collector. Born Priego de Córdoba, Spain. To Victoria c.1854; to Sydney area, mid 1860s, farming at Eastern Creek. In Melbourne by 1871. Collection trips to NSW and Qld 1875-84. Apparently contributed seeds and herbarium specimens to Museo de Historia Natural, Madrid museum. Chevalier, Order de Isabel la Cátolica, 1872. [ Meager (2014)]

CAMBON, Jules-Martin (1845-1935). Lawyer, senior civil servant, Diplomat. Born Paris, France. Advocate 1866; positions within law and advisor to Government bodies. Attached to the Directorate General of Civil Affairs of Algeria 1874-78; Secretary General of the Paris Prefecture of Police 1879-1882; other Prefectures 1882-91; Governor General of Algeria 1891-97; Ambassador of France: USA, 1897, Spain 1902, Germany 1907. Diplomatic advisor to Government 1914, Secretary General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1915, President, Conference of Ambassadors 1919-22. Member Académie Française 1918; Légion d’Honneur: Chevalier 1879, Officier 1883, Commandeur 1889, Grand Officier 1905, Grand-Croix 1908. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifique s , (accessed 23 August 2022); French National Archives, Légion d’Honneur Cambon dossier ]

CAMBRIDGE, George William Frederick Charles, 2ND Duke of, 1819-1904, British aristocrat. Cousin of Queen VICTORIA. Succeeded to dukedom, 1850. Commander-in-Chief of British Army, 1856-95 [DNB].

CAMERER, Maximilian Rudolf von (1838-1913). Pastoralist, dairy farmer. Born Rastatt, Baden, Germany. Studied Heidelberg University, then Wiesbaden agricultural college; managed property Gotha. Arrived Vic 1863; managed tobacco farm, Dandenong; purchased small holding Geelong, then property at Cope Cope, enlarged to about 2000 acres, established dairy farm and butter factory by 1894. Naturalised 1880; JP, Western Bailiwick 1881; Member St Arnaud Shire council. To WA 1906, established sheep property. [ Battye (1913-14), vol. 2, pp. 471-2; Victoria unassisted passenger lists; Victoria Index to Naturalisation Certificates, 1851-1928; Victoria Government Gazette, Australasian (Melbourne)15 September 1894, p. 7, various Vic and WA newspapers]

CAMPBELL, Colin, 1817-1903, pastoralist, politician. Born in Scotland. Went to VDL in 1839. Squatter in Vic. from 1840. Member, inaugural council of University of Melbourne. MLC, Vic., 1854; MLA, 1856-9, 1874-7. Took holy orders, 1878 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

CAMPBELL, Daniel Stoddart (1812-1873). Wine and spirit merchant, politician. Born Camberwell, Southwark, England. Arrived Sydney 1838; overlanded to Port Phillip arriving Jan 1839; merchant Melbourne, partner Alfred Woolley till 1843; insolvent 1844; became wine merchant; held several pastoral runs 1843-1858, connected with many companies. Member first Melbourne Town Council 1842, MLA 1856-59; JP, Richmond, 1869. Melbourne Zoological Gardens Committee, 1858. [ Argus (Melbourne) 29 April 1875, p. 5; Victoria Parliament former m e mber data base (accessed 23 August, 2022)]

CAMPBELL, David (c.1806-1860). General smith, farrier. Born Fortingall, Perthshire, Scotland; arrived Victoria 1853 from Waterford, Ireland, described as ‘smith’. Established business in Richmond. [Vic assisted passenger lists; Vic Death Certificate 10697/1860]

CAMPBELL, DONALD (1814-1868). Grazier. Born Argyllshire, Scotland. Arrived Vic c.1841; to Gippsland; to Bullock Creek (on what became Bendigo goldfields) by 1848; at Glengower c.1858, where also opened Glengower Hotel. Supporter of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee, uncle of Duncan MCINTYRE. [ Mt Alexander mail , 30 January 1868, p 2; Vic death certificate 2066/1868]

CAMPBELL, Envidale Savage Norman (1806-1859). Soldier and public servant. Born Inverary, Scotland. Trained Sandhurst; Met Charles La Trobe during service in West Indies where he married. Retired as Major. To SA 1849; managed copper mine; briefly an appointed member of Legislative Council 1851; bankrupt. To Vic as Private Secretary to Charles La Trobe 1852, concurrently Registrar General from 1853; JP 1853; member many other commissions and boards. Private Secretary to Governor Hotham 1854. Member Philosophical Society of Victoria, 1854. [ ADB ; widow’s death certificate Vic 96/1897; various Australian newspapers, issues Victoria Government Gazette]

CAMPBELL, Flora Mary [Mrs MARTIN from 1888] (1845-1923). Mycologist. Born Dilston, Tasmania; in Vic from early childhood; in Gippsland from c.1870. Autodidact botany. Qld tour 1879, met Tenison-Woods and Frederick Manson Bailey and became interested in fungi. Major mycological collector; friend of David McAlpine. [ Maroske et al. (2018); Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

CAMPBELL, Frederick Alexander, 1849-1930, engineer and educationist. Born in Scotland. Educated at Geelong College, Vic. and University of Melbourne (MCE, 1898). Collected in the New Hebrides and Loyalty Islands, 1871, and contributed plants to the Melbourne Herbarium [B93.13.01]. Assistant Engineer, NSW, 1879-86. Director, Working Men’s College, Melbourne, 1887-1913 [ADB].

CAMPBELL, John Douglas Sutherland. See Marquis of Lorne.

CAMPBELL, Sir Alexander. See Alexander Cockburn-Campbell.

CAMPBELL, Walter Scott (1844-1935). Public servant. Born Maitland NSW; pupil of William Woolls at Parramatta, then Sydney Grammar School. Draftsman, NSW Department of Lands 1862; chief draftsman Department of Mines 1874; 1893 chief clerk, Agriculture branch Department of Mines and Agriculture, investing in Hawkesbury Agricultural College and a series of experimental farms. Chief inspector of agriculture and travelling instructor1900-1908. Collected for Woolls and Mueller, friend of R. D. Fitzgerald. FLS 1901; council member Australian Historical Society (President 1916). [ ADB ]

CANDOLLE, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus [sometimes Pyrame] de(1896-1893). Botanist, phytogeographer. Born Paris, France; son of Augustin de Candolle. Succeeded his father A. P. de Candolle as Professor of Botany at the Académie de Genève, 1829-35 and as Director of the Geneva Botanic Garden, 1835-50. Privately employed from 1850. Numerous honorary doctorates and decorations (see list in Christ (1893), pp. 303-305). Son of Augustin de Candolle; father of Casimir de Candolle. [Mueller B93.06.04 ; Ch r ist (1893)]

CANDOLLE, Anne Casimir Pyramus [sometimes Pyrame] de(1836-1918). Born Geneva, Switzerland; son Alphonse de Candolle; studied physical sciences and mathematics Paris from 1853, licencié ès-sciences 1856. Spent time with Miles Berkeley, meeting many British botanists. In Geneva, specialised in botany, especially anatomy and physiology; maintained the de Candolle herbarium. Member many societies, and recipient of other honours (see list in Briquet (1919), p. 151). Son of Alphonse de Candolle. [ Bri q u et (1919)]

CANDOLLE, Augustin Pyramus [sometimes Pyrame] de (1778-1841). Botanist, agronomist. Born Geneva, Switzerland. Studied medicine and worked in Paris with, among others, Lamarck, Desfontaines and A. L de Jussieu; Professor of Botany, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier 1807, Faculty of Sciences 1810; Professor of Natural History at the Académie de Genève, from 1816. Reorganized the Geneva Botanic Garden and helped establish a Museum of Natural History and Herbarium. Father of Alphonse de Candolle. [ Proceedings of t h e Linnean Society of London , vol. 1, pp. 142-145 (1842); Mémoires de la Société de physique et d’histoire nature l le de Genève, vol. 10, pp. xxvi-xxx] Erigeron candollei, Hydrocotyle candollei.

CANNSTADT, Baron Pavel Lvovich Schilling von, 1786-1837. Attaché to Russian embassy in Munich, 1812. Councillor of State [Mottelay (1922)].

CANTERBURY, Viscount. See John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton.

CARDWELL, Edward (1813-1886). Politician. Born Liverpool, UK; educated Winchester School and Oxford University, classics and mathematics, BA 1835. Member of Parliament: for Clitheroe 1842-1852, Secretary to the Treasury 1845, President of Board of Trade 1852; for Oxford 1853-74), Secretary for Ireland 1859-61, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1861-4, Secretary of State for the Colonies 1864-6, secretary for War, 1868-74. Elevated to peerage as Viscount Cardwell of Ellerbeck 1874. Hon DCL, Oxford 1863. [ ODNB ] Cardwellia

CAREY, George Jackson (1822-1872). Army officer, colonial administrator. Born Rozel, Jersey, Channel Islands; educated St Peter Port, Guernsey. Joined army 1845, as ensign Cape mounted rifles, serving in frontier wars of 1846-7, 1850-3, rising to Major 1835; acting Governor, Isle of Wight, 1862. Transferred to 18th Royal Irish regiment, to New Zealand, promoted Brigadier-general and second in command, New Zealand forces during Maori Wars. Commander of Australian force, based in Melbourne, Vic 1865; acting Governor and administrator of Victoria 1866. Returned to UK 1867, Major-general 1868. CB 1865. [ ADB ]

CAREY, Thomas Campbell, c1832-84, surveyor. Born in Ireland. Draftsman in Irish Ordnance Survey. Went to WA in 1862. Assistant surveyor in WA Lands Department, 1862-70. Contract surveyor from 1871. MLC, 1872-4, 1878-84 [Bicentennial dictionary of Western Australians].

CARL [Ludwig Eugen] XV (1826-1872). Sovereign. King of Sweden and Norway. Born Stockholm, Sweden. Viceroy of Norway 1856-7; Regent 1857; reigned from 1859. [ Nordisk familjebok 2nd edition 1910, vol. 13 cols. 1002-1008]

CARL ALEXANDER of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1818-1901). Sovereign. Born Weimar, Germany; reigned as Grand Duke from 1853; patron of the arts and science; supporter of East African exploration and colonisation. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

CARLOTTI, Antoine-Louis-Régulus (1805-1878) (Legion d’Honneur dossier has 1808-1878) Acclimatiser, farmer, author, physician. Born Poggio de Venaco, Corsica; studied medicine in Pisa, but not recognised by France, never in practice. Farmed in Corsica, acclimatised Eucalyptus and other plants; Director, then inspector, of prisons 1855. Wrote on acclimatisation, health and agriculture; published literary works in Italian. President, Agricultural Society of Corsica 1853; founder member and secretary Medico-scientific society of Corsica 1834; Chevalier, Légion d’honneur, 1861. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques , (accessed 24 September 2022); Archives nationales de France.]

CARMICHAEL, Samuel (fl. 1871-1890s). Companion of Ernest Giles on aborted 1872 expedition. Nothing further found. [Carmichael letter, Australasian (Melbourne), 11 December 1897, p. 1297]

CARNARVON, 4th Earl, See HERBERT, Henry Howard Molyneux.

CARPENTER, William Benjamin, 1813-85, British botanist. Registrar, University of London, 1856-79. FLS, 1856. FRS, 1844 [Desmond].

CARR-BOYD, William Henry James (1852-1925). Explorer, prospector. Born at sea, lived in Hobart as child; jackaroo, Barcoo district Qld c.1861-73. At Palmer River goldfields, Qld. Explorer with William Hodgkinson west of Diamantina River, 1875; with W. J. O’Donnell around Cambridge Gulf, WA 1883. Gold prospector Halls Creek and other areas of WA, c.1885-1890s. Finally settled Vic. Published newspaper articles as ‘Potjostler’ from 1870s. [ ADB ]

CARRICK, Alexander (1837-1904). Businessman, Insurance company manager and inspector. Born Glasgow, Scotland; arrived Melbourne 1854, to Dunedin New Zealand 1859, moved to Christchurch 1871. Active in community affairs, including acclimatisation. [ Press (Canterbury), 12 August 1904, p. 3]

CARRUTHERS, John (c.1847-1940). Surveyor. Born Adelaide, SA; initially worked at shipping agents, then clerk of works for SA railways; retrenched 1860, then to New Zealand in varied occupations. Entered SA Survey Department as chainman 1874; assistant to David Lindsay; promoted surveyor, working in most parts of SA, including boundary survey Qld-NT (then administered by SA) 1885-7; Musgrave Range to WA border triangulation 1888-92. Retired 1895 to farming property at Narracan, Vic. [ Advertiser (Adelaide), 30 August 1940, p. 17; Register (Adelaide), 3 August 1928, p. 12]

CARRUTHERS, William (1830-1922). Botanist. Born Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland; began teaching in Edinburgh New Veterinary College; to London as Assistant Keeper, Botany, British Museum 1859, Keeper 1871. Consulting botanist Royal Agricultural Society 1871-1910. Active in English Presbyterian Church. FLS 1861, President 1886-90; FRS 1871; FGS; Fellow Royal Microscopical Society, President 1901-2. [ Rendle (1925)] Brachychiton carruthersii

CARSON, Duncan (1860-1931). Pastoralist, woolbroker. Born Kew Victoria; studied horticulture and botany at Kew, England under Joseph Hooker c.1876-8. Botanist on Pacific voyage of Wolverine 1879 (specimens MEL from Fiji and Vanuatu, some dated ‘1880’, others undated). Studied wool trade in Europe 1881, worked in Australia as wool buyer and valuer, establishing woolbroking firm 1889; owned grazing properties NSW, Qld. Member Linnean Society NSW 1890; horticultural interests: hybridising fruit, growing orchids. Son of John Carson. [ ADB ]

CARSON, John (1816-1902). Businessman, horticulturalist. Born Port Glasgow, Scotland; arrived Port Philip 1842 described as labourer; leather merchant and bootmaker 1846, active in trade association; developed wide business interests. Horticulturalist, specialising in fruit; foundation member Horticultural Society of Victoria, president 1869-77. Active in civic affairs: long term committee member Immigrant Aid Society, Melbourne hospital; first Mayor of Kew 1863. Father of Duncan Carson. [ Argus (Melbourne), 20 October 1902, p. 6; Passenger lists, various issues Vic newspapers]

CARTER, Sarah Henriette (1841-1925). Grazier’s daughter. Born Wybong Creek, NSW. Family lived at ‘Woomelguy’, grazing property near Scone, and remained there after father’s death. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

CARUEL, Théodore (Teodoro) (1830-1898). Botanist. Born Chandernagor, Bengal. Educated in Florence, assistant to Filippo Parlatore 1858; assistant professor University of Pavia 1862, when chair abolished to Milan; professor Florence Medical college 1863-71, simultaneously assistant to Parlatore; chair of botany, Pisa 1871-80; Florence as Director Royal Institute of Botany and professor at Royal institute of Higher Studies, 1880-98. Editor Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 1872-94. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

CARUS, Carl Gustav, 1789-1869, German physiologist. Professor at the Medico-Surgical Academy at Dresden from 1814. Personal physician to the King of Prussia. President of Leopoldina, 1862-8 [Debus].

CASEMENT, Brabazon Newcomen (1852-1910). Physician and Surgeon. Born Ballycastle, County Antrim, Ireland. Graduated in medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 1877, MRCS 1878; posts in Londonderry Infirmary, Fever Hospital Dublin, Royal Free Hospital, London. To Australia c.1882. Practised in Kempsey 1882-6, Medical Officer Macleay River district,1882; Medical officer and dispenser Trial Bay Prison (NSW) 1886-1887; returned to Kempsey practice 1887-1909. Extensive pastoral interests. Killed in coach accident. [ Macleay Chronicle, 2 March 1910, p. 5; UK & Ireland Medical directory 1880, p1039; various Australian newspapers. ]

CASEY, James Joseph (1831-1913). Politician and Judge. Born Tromra, County Clare, Ireland. To USA c.1849-54; arrived Vic 1855. Partner in Bendigo Advertiser. Councillor Sandhurst (now Bendigo) Municipal Council 1860, chairman 1861. MLA 1863-80, various ministerial posts: Justice, Commissioner of Crown Lands, President of Board of Land and Works, Agriculture. Barrister 1865; County Court Judge 1884. Federalist. CMG 1878, Chevalier Legion d’Honneur 1878,Cavalieri Dell’Ordine della Corona D’Italia, 1882. [ A DB , various Australian newspapers]

CASTELLA, Paul Frederic de, 1827-1903, landowner, vigneron. Born in Switzerland. Went to Melbourne in 1849. Bought Yering and Quamby properties. On the Board of Viticulture from 1889 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

CASTELNAU, François Louis Nompar de Caumont Laporte, Comte de,1810-80, French naturalist and diplomat. Born in England. Travelled extensively in North and South America, 1837-47. French consul at Bahia, Brazil, 1848-56, and later in Siam. Arrived in Melbourne in 1862; French consul 1864-80 [ADB].

CATHCART, John Ferguson, 1802-51, civil servant. Born in Edinburgh. In the Bengal civil service. Went to Calcutta in 1822. Plant collector at Darjeeling, and at the Cape Colony in 1839. Engaged Indian artists to draw flowers, some of which drawings were used by Joseph Hooker [Desmond].

CAVANILLES, Antonio José, 1745-1804, Spanish priest and botanist. At Paris, 1777-81, later at Madrid. Director of Madrid Botanic Garden from 1801 [TL2].

CAZZAGO, see BETTONI-CAZZAGO, Francesco.

CESATI, Vincenzo (1806-1883). Botanist. Born Milan, Italy; studied in Vienna, graduating in law. Worked in Milan as administrative officer; active in studying the natural history of Lombardy and Piedmont. Fled to Switzerland 1848, settled in Vercelli, Piedmont. From 1855 taught natural history, National College Vercelli. Professor of Botany University of Naples 1868-81, Director of Botanic Gardens, 1868-83. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

CHABRILLAN, Lionel, Comte de, 1818-1858, French Consul General, 1852-1858.. Went to France in 1857 but later returned to Melbourne [ADB ‘Céleste de Chabrillan’]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B57.09.01].

CHALMERS, James (1841-1901). Missionary. Born Ardrishaig, Scotland; London Missionary Society candidate 1862, ordained 1865. Based in Cook Islands 1867-77; from 1878 worked with William Lawes establishing missions on south coast of what became British New Guinea (now Papua New Guinea); explored much of the coast and some inland areas. Killed 1901. [ ADB ] Appendicula chalmersiana, Dendrobium chalmersii, Dichrotrichum chalmersii, Nauclea chalmersii, Vandopsis chalmersiana

CHAMBERLIN, George Francis (1831-1919). Pharmacist. Born Nottingham, England; pharmacy assistant London 1851; arrived Melbourne 1852, practised first at Williamstown, then Ballarat, Rochester, finally Prahran. Experimented with treatment for rust in wheat. [Various Australian newspapers]

CHAMBERS, Hugh John, c.1821-1893, Solicitor. Born (Cashelhoe?) Ireland; to Sydney, 1838. Practiced as solicitor: NSW 1844-49, 1879-86; Vic 1849-66, 1869-79. In Victoria also variously solicitor to Railways Department, to Bank of Victoria of which he was a founder, chief examiner of titles 1866-9, appointed member Committee of Management of Zoological Gardens 1858; insolvent 1875. [ Table Talk (Melbourne), 25 August 1893, p. 3; Victoria Government Gazette; various Vic and NSW newspapers]

CHAMBERS, James, 1811-1862, horse dealer and pastoralist. Born in England. Went to SA in 1836. Established a successful coach and wagon business in Adelaide. In the 1850s, took up several large pastoral leases in northern SA. The principal promoter of John McDouall Stuart’s exploring expeditions [ADB]. . Goodenia chambersii.

CHANTRE, Césare François Marie (1841-1909). Silk merchant. Born Lyon, France. In London as clerk by 1861, returned to France c.1883; active collector of economic botany material, donated specimens to Kew Gardens museum. FLS 1878-83. [England Census 1861, 1871; Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information , 1909, pp. 391-2]

CHARLES TROEDEL & CO. See Troedel, Johannes Theodore Charles.

CHARSLEY, Fanny Anne, 1828-1915, botanical artist. Born in England. Arrived in Melbourne in 1856. Made watercolour drawings of local wildflowers. Returned to England in 1866 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Helipterum charsleyae.

CHÂTEAUVIEUX, Compte (1804-1885). See D’ARMAND DE CHÂTEAUVIEUX, Joseph Antoine Sosthènes.

CHEESEMAN, Richard (1855-1916). Nurseryman. Born Hobart, Tas; to Melbourne 1880, developed large nursery and trade in cut flowers. Active in local and national horticultural affairs; member Brighton Council; member many local clubs and associations. [Brighton Southern Cross (Vic), 10 June 1916, p. 4; Aitken & Looker (2002)]

CHEESEMAN, Thomas Frederick (1846-1923). Botanist. Born Hull, Yorkshire, England; arrived with parents Auckland NZ 1854. Autodidact botanist; secretary of Auckland Institute and curator of the museum, 1874; bequeathed large personal herbarium to Auckland War Memorial Museum. FLS 1873 (gold medal 1923), FZL, President of New Zealand Institute 1911. [ Dictionary of New Zealand Biography ]

CHEVALIER, Nicholas (1828-1902). Artist. Born Russia of Swiss descent; from 1845 studied painting in Lausanne and from 1848 architecture in Munich. To London 1851, exhibited lithographs and water colours; illustrated books. To Victoria 1855, illustrated for Melbourne Punch and Illustrated Australian News. Scenic paintings in oils and watercolours Vic and New Zealand; invited to return to England on Galatea by Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh 1869. Commissions for Queen Victoria. From 1882 London advisor to National Gallery of NSW. [ ADB ]

CHEVREUL, Michel-Eugène, 1786-1889, French chemist. Professor at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris. Member of the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1826 [DSB].

CHICHESTER, Charles Manners Sutton (1831-1887). Civil servant. Born London; educated Oxford; in War Office at 1861 Census. Private secretary to Governor of Tasmania 1869-74. Cousin of Viscount Canterbury, J. H. T. Manners-Sutton. [England Census records; Various Tasmanian newspapers]

CHICKERING, John White, 1831-1913, American educator. Educated at Bowdoin College, AB, 1852; AM, 1855; at Bangor Theological Seminary, 1860. Taught in various academies. Congregational minister at Springfield, Vermont, 1860; at Exeter, New Hampshire, 1865. From 1870 professor of natural science, Gaudelet College, Washington [WWA]. Plants received via Asa Gray are in the Melbourne Herbarium [B63.05.01].

CHILDERS, Hugh Culling Eardley, 1827-96, politician. Born in London. Went to Melbourne in 1850. Auditor General. First Vice Chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and one of the first Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library. MLA. Returned to England in 1858. Member of the House of Commons, 1860-92. FRGS, 1858; FRS, 1873 [ADB].

CHRISTIAN IX, King of Denmark, 1818-1906 (reigned 1863-1906).

CHRISTIAN VIII, King of Denmark. Reigned 1839-48 [EB].

CHRISTOPHERSEN, Wilhelm Christopher, 1832-1913, Swedish diplomat.

CHRISTY, Mr F. C. At Government Railway Office, Geelong, Vic. FRS (Vic.) [Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria (1861)]. FHS (Vic.).

CHUTE, Trevor, 1816-86, soldier. Born in Ireland. Served with the 70th Regiment in India and then in NZ. Major-general commanding the forces in Aust. and NZ, 1865-70. KCB, 1867. Supervised the withdrawal from Vic. of the last British garrison, 1870 [ADB].

CLARENDON, Fourth Earl of, 1800-70, British statesman. Born George William Frederick Villiers. Succeeded to the earldom in 1838.Foreign Secretary, 1853-8, 1865-6, 1868-70; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1864 [DNB].

CLARK, James (c.1818-1888). Baker. Born Stepney, Middlesex, England; arrived Melbourne with family 1857, described as baker. Established grocery and bakery at South Yarra, bakery only from 1859. [ Passenger lists ; Various Vic newspapers]

CLARKE, Andrew (1824-1902). Military engineer and public servant. Born Southsea, Hampshire, England; trained at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned in the Royal Engineers, served in Ireland. Arrived Tasmania 1847, surveyed Hobart area and designed wharves; Private secretary to Governor Denison 1849, nominated member Legislative Council 1851-3. Surveyor-General, Vic 1853; nominated member Legislative Council 1853-6, Elected member Legislative Assembly 1856, resigned 1858, Surveyor-General and Commissioner of Lands. Active in colonial scientific affairs, president Philosophical Society. Returned to England 1858. Military roles in England and Gold Coast, retired as Lieutenant-General 1886. Governor Straits Settlements (Singapore) 1873-5, Council of Viceroy of India (Calcutta) 1875-80. Agent General for Victoria in London 1899-1902. CB 1869, KCMG 1873, CIE 1877, GCMG 1885. Cousin of Marcus Clarke. [ ADB , OD N B ] Decaspora clarkei

CLARKE, Charles Baron, 1832-1906, English botanist. Studied at Cambridge ( MA, 1859). Lecturer in mathematics there, 1857-65. Joined staff of Presidency College, Calcutta, 1865. FLS, 1867. Superintendent, Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1869-71. Inspector of Schools, East Bengal, 1883-7. At Kew, 1887, working on Indian botany. President, Linnean Society, 1894-6. FRS, 1882 [Desmond].

CLARKE, Marcus Andrew Hislop (1846-1881). Journalist and novelist. Born London, England; to Vic 1863, experience on a property Wimmera district. Journalist Melbourne from 1867, first with Argus, later with other newspapers and periodicals. Joined public service: secretary to trustees of Industrial and Technological Museum 1870; sub-librarian, Public Library 1873-81. Insolvent 1874, 1879. Cousin of Andrew Clarke. [ ADB , Victoria Government Gazette, Blue books]

CLARKE, Mordaunt William Shipley (1833-1918). Businessman. Born Longfleet, Dorset, England; arrived Sydney 1839. To England, then Ireland; graduated Trinity College Dublin 1856, returned to Sydney 1857, joined survey office. Joined Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co, retiring as Resident Secretary 1904; member Fire Insurance Board NSW. Director of other companies. Alderman North Sydney. Active in Volunteer Service, final promotion to major 1871. Son of William Branwhite Clarke. [ Sydney Mail , 6 November 1918, p. 16, various NSW newspapers]

CLARKE, Warwick John (1826-1864). Seedsman. Born London, England. Arrived Victoria 1852 described as ‘gentleman’; in business as ‘Seedsman Fruiterer and Herbalist’ Swanston Street Melbourne by 1856; active in Horticultural Society of Victoria: managing committee 1859, secretary 1860. Returned to England 1862. [Victoria inwards Passenger lists , Various Australian newspapers; England and Wales Probate Calendar, 1864, p. 456]

CLARKE, William (f.1870-1900). Banker. Active cricketer, Hotham Vic. JP by 1873. Not further identified. [Various Victorian newspapers]

CLARKE, William Branwhite (1798-1878). Anglican clergyman, geologist. Born East Bergholt, Suffolk, England; educated Cambridge BA 1821, MA 1824. Deacon 1821, priest 1823; curacies in Suffolk and Sussex; Vicar, Longfleet, Dorset 1832. To NSW 1839, headmaster King’s School Parramatta 1839-40, priest-in-charge Castle Hill and Dural 1839-44, parish priest North Sydney 1846-71. English geological interests leading to publications; correspondent of Adam Sedgwick, Roderick Murchison. In NSW collected geological specimens, published in British and Australian journals, discovered gold 1841 but not publicized. Government geological surveyor 1851-3. Prevailed in thirty-year controversy with Frederick McCoy on age of Australian coalfields. Active publicist for science, including journalism; secretary and curator Australian Museum (Sydney) 1841-3, trustee 1853-73. Founding member Royal Society NSW 1867, vice-president to 1876. FGS 1826 (Murchison Medal 1877), FRS 1876. [ ADB ] Eremophila clarkei, Penteune clarkei

CLARKE, William John (1831-1897). Landowner, philanthropist. Born ‘Lovely Banks’, Tas. Educated Hobart and Whitchurch Grammar School, Shropshire, England. From 1850 worked on father’s Vic properties, then managed estates in Tas, appointed JP. Returned to Vic 1860, managed family estates, then inherited most of them. Supported scientific farming and agricultural societies. MLC 1878-97. Baronet 1882; Hon. LLD Cambridge 1886. Major philanthropic donor. Son of William John Turner Clarke [ ADB ]

CLARKE, William John Turner (1805-1874). Pastoralist, landowner, businessman. Born Somerset, England, worked as drover, then invested in cattle. Arrived Tas 1829, partner in butcher business, received land grant, raised cattle and sheep. Stocked properties in Vic, bought large blocks of land 1850. Moved to Vic 1850, properties managed by sons; money lender, investor, company director. MLC 1856-61,1863-70. Father of William John Clarke. [ ADB ]

CLARKSON, Charles (1822-1896). Joiner, trades union official. Born Wakefield, Yorkshire; in Vic 1854, described as carpenter. Secretary Trades Hall Committee by 1863. [Vic death certificate 818/1896; assisted passenger lists , Baptism register Wakefield 1823]

CLARSON, William [Campbell(?)] (c.1831-1890). Horticulturalist, journalist. Born Tamworth, England; arrived Melbourne 1853, described as warehouseman. Printer and journalist, contributing to many newspapers in Sydney and Melbourne. In England managing Edward Wilson’s Hayes Place Farm 1872-7; In Sydney 1877; Bankrupt 1888. Keeper of the garden, Longerenong Agricultural College 1889; Mildura late 1889, experimental garden and editor Mildura Cultivator. Complex and troubled family life; suicide. Member: Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science 1854, Victorian Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society 1861, Horticultural Society of Victoria (Honorary Director of Society Garden 1868-c.1872), FLS 1873, FRHS before 1879. [Aitken & Looker (2002); various Australian newspapers; Victoria immigration list ; Inquest VPRS 24/P0000, 1890/1790 ]

CLAYTON, John (1855-1937). Town Clerk. Born Basingstoke, England; to Australia 1857. Worked in legal offices; Melbourne city council: clerk, then chief clerk c.1884, Town Clerk 1891-1915. [ Argus , 2 March 1915, p. 6; Argus , 16 August 1937, p. 11, Various Victorian newspapers]

CLEWETT, Felix Edward (1836-1913). Surveyor, pastoralist, businessman. Born Sydney; pastoral, mining and business pursuits Vic from 1851; to Qld c.1861. Qualified as surveyor; District Road Surveyor, Springsure; left government service 1872. Held pastoral properties Springsure then Blackall districts; storekeeper Blackall 1875; JP 1879; businessman Rockhampton before 1884, director gold mining and other companies. Elected Auditor, Borough of Blackall, 1880. Appointed MLC 1890. [ Telegraph (Brisbane), 13 February 1913, p. 7; Mornin g bulletin (Rockhampton), 11 July 1925, p. 11; various Qld newspapers]

CLIFTON, George, 1823-1913, prison officer. Born in England. Served in the Royal Navy. Emigrated to WA in 1851. Police officer at Fremantle. Returned to England in 1864, became governor of Portland prison and then of Dartmoor. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. .

CLINTON, Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham [Fifth Duke of Newcastle under Lyme] (1811-1864). Politician. Born London, England; Oxford BA 1832. Member, House of Commons 1832-46, 1846-51; held various ministries, including commissioner of Woods and Forests 1841-5; Chief Secretary for Ireland 1846. Succeeded as Duke 1851, Secretary for War and the Colonies1852-4, Secretary of State for War 1854-5; Colonial Secretary 1859-64, advocated responsible government for colonies. [ ODNB , ADB ] Newcastelia

CLOW, Mary Elizabeth. Born in India. Went with her family to VDL in 1837 and soon afterwards to Melbourne. Married David Wilkie in 1842 [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

CLUSIUS, Carolus [Charles de L’escluse], 1526-1609, Dutch botanist [TL2].

COBBOLD, Thomas Spencer, 1828-1886, British helminthologist. MD, Edinburgh, 1851. Curator, Edinburgh Anatomical Museum, 1851-6. FLS, 1857; FRS, 1864. Professor of Botany, Royal Veterinary College, London, 1873 [Desmond].

COBHAM, Mrs Mary, née. McRae 1797-1875 Born Scotland, resident Darling Downs, NSW when plant and seed donor to Melbourne Botanic Garden; died Sydney [B57.09.01, B69.07.03].

COCKBURN-CAMPBELL, Alexander, c1805-1871, government official. Assumed baronetcy in 1825. Banker in Madras, India. Superintendent of Police, WA, 1858-60. Government Resident at King George Sound, 1860-71 [Burke (1970)].

COCKBURN, John Alexander (1850-1929). Medical practitioner, politician. Born Corsbie, Berwickshire, Scotland; studied medicine King’s College London: MRCS, MB 1871, gold medal 1874. Arrived SA 1875, established practice Jamestown. Politically active: Mayor Jamestown 1878-81, commissioner North Midland Road Board 1881; MLA 1884: minister of education 1885-7; Chief Secretary 1889-90, 1892, minister of education and agriculture, 1893-1898. Agent-general of South Australia in London, 1898-1901. Member of Council, King’s College, University of London, 1900-1929. Numerous directorships, vice-president Royal Colonial Institute. KCMG, 1900. [ ADB ]

COCKER, Henry Dawson (1844-1932). Farmer. Born Sydney, NSW. Farmed ‘Brookfield’ near Cootamundra, NSW. Cemetery trustee, Wesleyan section, Cootamundra. Nephew of John Dawson. [Baptism record, electoral roll, NSW census 1891, NSW Government gazette, death notice Sydney morning herald, 20 August 1932, p. 12]

COGHILL, Donald James (1863-1931). Grazier. Born Elphinstone, Vic. Stock breeder and grazier, Berringama, Upper Murray region, Vic. Brother of George Coghill. [ Wodonga and Towong Sentinel , 17 July 1831, p. 2; Victorian Birth Registration index]

COGHILL, George (1864-1957). Real Estate agent, field naturalist. Born Elphinstone, Vic. Clerk, farmer; real estate business partnership 1895-1957. Member, Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, 1882-1957: Librarian, 1884-1885; assistant secretary, 1884-1890; secretary, 1897-1901; treasurer, 1904-1919; vice-president, 1924-1925, 1929-1931, 1934-1942; president, 1925. Brother of Donald Coghill. [Victorian Naturalist vol. 75, 1858, pp. 90-95; Herald (Melbourne), 27 July 1954, p. 7]

COGNIAUX, Alfred Célestin (1841-1916). Teacher, botanist. Born Robechies, Belgium; trained Nivelles Normal School 1862, schoolmaster1862-72. Conservator, Brussels Botanic Garden, 1872-80. Professor of Natural History: Jodoigne, 1880-c.1884; Verviers c.1884-1901. Foreign Member Linnean Society of London 1900. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 1916/17, 1917, pp. 42-3]

COHN, Ferdinand Julius (1828-1898). Botanist, bacteriologist. Born Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland); educated Breslau University 1844-6, Berlin DPhil 1847, habilitation Wroclaw 1850, associate Professor 1859, Professor 1872. Microscopist, cryptogamic botanist and physiologist, fundamental bacteriological work. Member of numerous academies, including Leopoldina 1849, Linnean Society of London 1876 (Linnean Medal 1895). [ Deutsche Biographie ; Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 50-51; Schumann (1898)]

COLE, Agnes Bruce (1845-1895). Socialite. Daughter of Thomas Anne and George Ward Cole. Friend of Annie Walker. In later life referred to as Miss Ward-Cole. Daughter of Thomas Ann Cole and George Ward Cole; sister of Margaret Morison Cole. [ Table Talk (Melbourne) 25 October 1895, p. 2; various Australian newspapers]

COLE, George Ward (1793-1879). Naval officer, merchant. Born Durham, England. Joined Royal Navy 1807, retired half pay 1817; captained merchant vessels sometimes part owned, in Pacific trade and whaling. Settled Melbourne 1840, general merchant and shipowner, banking and pastoral properties; company director. Keen horticulturalist. MLC 1853-55, 1857-79. Husband of Thomas Ann Cole; father of Margaret Morison and Agnes Bruce Cole. [ ADB ]

COLE, John Charles (1838-1891). Nurseryman. Born Harrow, Middlesex, England; arrived Australia 1842 with father Thomas Cornelius Cole (1810-1889). Leased Richmond nursery from his father 1862; purchased additional property Fern Tree Gully. Specialist in fruit trees and vines. Active member of Horticultural Society pf Victoria. Brother of Thomas Cornelius Cole. [Aitken & Looker (2002); various Victorian newspapers]

COLE, Margaret Morison (1844-1926). Socialite. Daughter of Thomas Anne and George Ward Cole. Attempted to carry on inherited family businesses, insolvent 1902. Friend of Annie Walker. In later life referred to as Miss Ward-Cole. [ Herald (Melbourne) 14 August 1903, p.6; Argus , 16 November 1926, p. 16; various Australian newspapers]

COLE, Stephen (c.1815-1888). Public servant. Arrived Sydney from Cape of Good Hope 1837; NSW public service: Clerk, later chief clerk, audit office 1837-51; Commissioner for Crown Lands and JP Lower Darling (Euston) 1851-1868; retired to Port Elliott SA. [NSW Blue Books, various Australian newspapers]

COLE, Thomas Anne [née McRae] (1810-1898) Socialite. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; to Melbourne 1839; married merchant George Ward Cole 1842, in later life known as Mrs Ward-Cole. Lived and entertained at ‘St Ninians’ Brighton. Supported Orphan Asylum. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee. Mother of Margaret Morison Cole and Agnes Bruce Cole [ Brighton Southern Cross (Vic) 2 July 1898, p. 2]

COLE, Thomas Cornelius (1810-1889). Horticulturalist and nurseryman. Born Sudbury. Middlesex, England. Arrived Melbourne 1842. Leased land for nursery Coburg; purchased land and established nursery Richmond 1847, additional land for orchard and nursery, Upper Hawthorn 1860. Leased Richmond nursery to son John Charles Cole 1862. Active in horticultural societies, and driving force in establishing Burnley experimental garden of Horticultural Society of Victoria. Father of Thomas Cornelius Cole (1836-1879), John Charles Cole. [ ADB , Aitken & Looker (2002)]

COLE, Thomas Cornelius (1836-1879). Clergyman, floriculturist. Born Harrow, Middlesex, England; arrived Melbourne 1842 with father Thomas Cornelius Cole (1810-1889). Brother of John Charles Cole. Educated University of Melbourne, ordained Anglican deacon 1860, priest 1861; after other parishes finally at Malvern and Oakleigh from 1865. Active member and committeeman Horticultural Society of Victoria; member of Senate University of Melbourne, secretary, Council of Trinity College University of Melbourne, Prisoners’ Aid Society. Suicide. [ Mercury and Weekly Courier ( Fitzroy, Vic), 5 April 1879, p. 3]

COLLER, David (c.1830-1898). Nurseryman. Born Sutton Benger, Wiltshire, England; arrived Adelaide February 1856; in Melbourne by c.1857 when employed at Botanic Gardens. Member Victorian Horticultural Improvement Society (in arrears and struck off 1870); Horticultural Society of Victoria 1871. [Sutton Benger parish records; South Australia Incoming Passenger lists; Vic death certificate 9537/1998]

COLLIE, Alexander(1793-1835). Surgeon. Born Wantonwells, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; royal naval surgeon 1813- 31. Arrived WA 1829: resident at King George Sound 1831-32, Colonial surgeon Perth 1832-35; explored and collected plants South Western WA. [George (2009)]

COLLIE, Robert (1839-1892). Presbyterian minister. Born Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Ministries in Scotland c.1866-76, arrived Sydney 1876, brief ministry in Grafton NSW, then Newtown; elected moderator of the General Assembly 1891. active botanical collector. FLS 1882. [ Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney), 4 April 1891, p. 19; Sydney Morning Herald , 21 April 1892, p. 6]

COLLYER, Caleb (c.1845-1916).Teacher. Born Portsmouth. Arrived with father Adelaide SA 1848; rural contract work Western District of Vic in 1850s-60s. Teacher by 1872, at Warrnambool, Kilmore, Smythesdale, Colac, Walhalla, Port Melbourne; retired 1905. [ Brunswick and Coburg Leader (Vic), 21 July 1916, p. 1]

COLMAN, Norman Jay (1827-1911). Newspaper proprietor, politician. Born Richfield Springs, New York, USA; studied law, Louisville Kentucky, graduated 1849; settled St Louis, Missouri 1852: founded newspaper 1853. Member state legislature 1866-8, Lieut. Governor 1874-6, United States Commissioner of Agriculture 1885-9, first Secretary of State for Agriculture 1889. [ Sprague families in America , 1913, p. 532]

COLMEIRO Y PENIDO, Miguel (1816-1901). Botanist. Born Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Studied medicine and science Madrid; Professor of Botany and Agriculture, Botanic Gardens Barcelona c.1842, Professor of Botany University of Barcelona 1845; Professor of Botany Seville 1847; Professor of Organography and Physiology, Central University, Madrid 1857, Dean of Faculty of Sciences, Rector of University; in charge Madrid Botanical Garden 1868-1900. [ Diccionario Biográfico electrónico ] Colmeiroa

COMMERSON, Philibert, 1727-73, French naturalist. Studied at Montpellier (MD, 1755). Naturalist on Bougainville’s voyage of circumnavigation in La Boudeuse and L’Étoile, 1766-8. Left the expedition at Île-de-France (Mauritius) to investigate the botany of Madagascar. Died at Île-de-France, his collections being returned to France [DBF].

CONACHER, Robert Lawrence [sometimes Laurence] (1840-1899). Bank manager, merchant. Born Forgan, Fife, Scotland; arrived Melbourne 1860. Joined Colonial Bank of Australasia c. 1861, manager Terang Branch 1867-82; Manager Mortgage Agency Ltd, Levuka, Fiji, 1882. In business Melbourne by 1888 to 1892 as partner in a merchant and commission agency. In UK by 1893, merchant and commission agent in Glasgow by1896. [Various Australian and British newspapers; Vic Immigration records ]

CONN, William George (c.1819-1875). Explorer, settler. Born Aberdeenshire Scotland (?). In NSW by 1843 (marriage, Monaro); in Victoria by 1852 (children born 1852, 1855, wife died 1856 ); with Ernest Giles seeking grazing land NSW, Qld 1861, found supposed white men’s graves; held grazing runs NSW. To Cardwell Qld unknown date; killed 1875. [Various Australian newspapers; Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victori a , vol 6, lxi-lxx]

CONSTABLE, David (1827-1904). Miner, farmer. Born Kinnaird, Perthshire, Scotland; arrived Melbourne 1852, described as miner. Developed reef mine at Pleasant Creek, Stawell, Vic. [ Horsham Times , 26 January 1904, p. 3; various Victorian newspapers]

CONWENTZ, Hugo Wilhelm (1855-1922). Palaeobotanist. Born Danzig Germany (now Gdańsk, Poland); educated Breslau, Göttingen; assistant to H. R. Goeppert in Breslau 1876; director of West Prussian Provincial Museum, Danzig 1879-c.1909, worked on amber flora; Commissioner, Prussian nature conservation office c.1906-1922. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

COOK, James, 1728-79, British navigator. Commanded three famous voyages of exploration in the Pacific and Southern Oceans, 1768-79 [DNB].

COOKE, Josiah Parsons (1827-1894). Chemist. Born Boston Massachusetts USA; Harvard College: graduated 1848, tutor in mathematics 1849, although essentially an autodidact chemist professor of chemistry and mineralogy 1850-1894. Reformed Harvard curriculum to include chemistry, introduced laboratory instruction. Analytic chemist, determination of atomic weights. Member National Academy of Sciences 1872; Hon DLL: (Cambridge, UK), 1882, Harvard University 1889. [ C. Jackson (1902)]

COOKE, Mordecai Cubitt (1825-1914). Naturalist, mycologist. Born Horning, Norfolk, England; apprentice draper c.1839-1844; clerk, London 1844-51; school master Lambeth 1851-1859, at India Museum1862-1880, cryptogamic botanist Kew herbarium 1880-1892. Author of popular natural history texts; mycological taxonomic works, founding editor Grevillea 1875. Honorary MA: St Lawrence (Canton, New York) 1870, Yale 1873, Honorary LL.D New York 1874, RHS Victoria medal of honour 1902; Linnean Society: Associate 1877, gold medal 1903.[ ODNB ; Journal of Botany vol. 53, (1915), pp. 58-66; English (1987)]

COOKE, William August (1839-1924). Miner, shire clerk. Born Adelaide, SA; evidently spent time mining in Vic, NSW; in Qld as mine manager by 1883; Shire clerk Etheridge Shire by 1895. [Georgetown (Qld) Cemetery records, Etheridge Shire, various Australian Newspapers].

COOP, Joshua (1828-1892). Publican and butcher. Born Tamworth, Staffordshire, England; in Vic by 1856, when at National Hotel Gisborne; Commercial hotel Woodend from 1874-90. Member Woodend Borough Council from 1868; active in many local organizations. [ Kyneton Observer , 15 October 1892, p. 2; various Victorian newspapers]

COOPER, Arthur Bevan (1840-74). Surveyor. Born Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, England. Arrived Adelaide SA via Melbourne, 1859, appointed to SA survey office 1861, Deputy Surveyor-General 1865. [ South Australian Register , 30 January 1875, p. 6].

COOPER, Daniel (1821-1902). Merchant, philanthropist, politician. Born Bolton-le Moors, Lancashire, England; to Sydney as a child; to England c.1835 to be educated. Began legal training 1839, in business Le Havre, France, 1841; returned to NSW 1843; accumulated property and extensive business interests. JP 1851. Elected MLC 1849-51, 1855-6; MLA 1856, Speaker 1856-60. Senate University of Sydney 1857 and generous benefactor. To England 1861, acting in various roles for NSW. Knight 1857, created baronet of Woollahra 1863, KCMG 1880, GCMG 1888. [ ADB ] Alsophila cooperi

COOPER, Ellwood (1829-1918). Merchant and horticulturalist. Born Chester Pennsylvania, USA; merchant in Philadelphia, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, New York. To California 1870 to establish agricultural enterprise especially olive oil production; instrumental in building elementary and high school known as Santa Barbara College; established Eucalyptus plantations. Member horticultural advisory committee 1881, California Board of Horticulture 1883, president from 1883-1903; Commissioner California Horticultural Commission 1903-7. [Various Californian newspapers; autobiographical notes, ( Noticias , vol. 39, pp 25-44, 1993)]

COOPER, George Sisson (1825-1898). Civil servant. Born Kildare, Ireland; arrived New Zealand 1839, via NSW; appointed to civil service as clerk 1841; private secretary to Governor George Grey 1845-53; held various posts, culminating in Under Secretary 1870-1892. [ Waipawa Mail , 20 August 1898, p. 2; various NZ newspapers]

COPE, Edward Drinker (1840-1897). Palaeontologist. Born Philadelphia; classes in comparative anatomy, University of Philadelphia; studied herpetological collections Philadelphia, Washington, European centres; professor of natural science Haverford College Pennsylvania 1864-7. Field work with US Geological Survey; professor of geology and mineralogy, University of Pennsylvania 1889-95, then comparative anatomy. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia: Curator 1865-73, Corresponding Secretary 1863-76, resigned 1883. Competed with O. C Marsh to obtain fossils in ‘bone wars’ from c.1877. Member US National Academy of Sciences 1872, Societie Geologique de France 1878, Gold medal Geological Society of London 1879, Honorary PhD University of Heidelberg 1886. [ Osborn (1929); Bone wars : the Cope-Marsh rivalry, Academy of Natural Sciences (accessed 5 November 2022)]

COPE, Thomas Edward, (f.1860). Not positively identified.

COPPIN, George Selth (1819-1906). Comic actor, entrepreneur, politician. Born Steyning, Sussex, England; arrived Sydney 1843. Acted Sydney, Tasmania, took own troupe to Vic 1845, Adelaide 1846; insolvent 1851. Entertained gold diggers, Geelong. Acquired several Melbourne theatres, hotels, the Cremorne Gardens. Elected Richmond Municipal Council 1858, MLC 1858-63, 1889-95; MLA 1874-7, 1883-8. Philanthropically active. [ ADB ]

CORDIER, Adolphe (1816-1882). Horticulturalist and Arboriculturist. Born Brillon, France; to Algeria 1852, civic official La Rassuata commune. Collaborated with Prospero Ramel in establishing Eucalyptus plantations. [Faucon (1889), p. 164 ; Planchon (1875a).

CORNISH, George (c.1828-1895). Congregational minister, educator, librarian. Born Wotton-under Edge, England; educated University of London; ordained 1855, sent to Nova Scotia. Chair of classical literature, McGill College, Montreal 1857-1895, member oversight committee, university library 1873, honorary librarian 1883-92; Professor and secretary Congregational College of North America, affiliated with McGill 1864. Active in church and educational organisations.[ Dictionary of Canadian Biography ]

CORNISH, William Henry (1850-1888) Surveyor. Born Adelaide SA; cadet survey department 1865, surveyor 1874, trigonometrical surveyor 1877, chief surveyor 1882, position abolished 1885, trigonometrical surveyor 1885-1888. [ South Australian Register , 28 May 1888, p. 2; various SA newspapers] Bassia cornishiana

CORNU, Marie Maxime (1843-1901).Botanist, agricultural scientist. Born Orléans, France; École Normale Supèrieure, Paris; Faculté des sciences de Paris DSc 1872. Assistant Musèum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1874; professor of cultivation, 1881-1901. Secretary Phylloxera Commission 1875-8; Inspector-general of agriculture, 1881. Member: Academie d’agriculture 1882; Société botanique de France: secretary 1872-6, vice-president 1879, president 1897. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques , (accessed 6 November 2022); Kew Bulletin , 1901, pp.111-113; Cornu (1879)]

CORRENTI, Cesare, 1815-88, Italian patriot and politician. Educated at Pavia. Member of the Italian Parliament, 1860-86. Chancellor of the Order of St Maurizio from 1876 [DBI].

CORTEZ, Fernando, 1485-1547, Spanish adventurer. A leader of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.

COSSON, Ernest Saint-Charles (1819-1889). Botanist. Born Paris, 1819; studied medicine Paris, MD 1847; botany and botanical exploration: organised French Association for botanical exploration; member scientific exploration commission of Algeria, ten trips 1852-61. President scientific commission of Tunisia 1882; Founding member Botanical Society of France, president 1863; Academy of sciences 1873-89; Légion d’honneur: chevalier (?); officier 1880. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques , accessed 6 November 2022; Bureau (1890)] Plagianthus berthae (named for daughter)

COSTE, Jean Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor (1807-1873). Embryologist, pisciculturist. Born Castries, France; Professor of comparative embryology, College de France 1844-73; Inspector General of River and Maritime Fisheries 1862. Member L’Académie des Sciences, anatomy section, 1851; Associate, l’Académie nationale de médecine, 1869. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques , (accessed 23 November 2022)]

COTTER, Jessie Annie [née Kennedy] (1864-1941). Collector. Born Wannamurra, NSW; married A. J. Cotter 1883; lived at ‘Caiwarro’ Station, Paroo River, Qld. Collected Qld, NSW. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

COUCHMAN, Thomas (1831-1915) Public servant, soldier. Born Southampton, England; arrived Victoria 1852, joined Survey department 1853, chief mining surveyor 1867, Secretary for Mines 1877, secretary for Water Supply 1880. Public Service Board: member 1884, chairman 1889 until its reformation 1893. Member of volunteer militia 1860-83, retiring as Lieutenant-Colonel. [ Argus (Melbourne) 25 September 1916, p. 16; various Vic newspapers.] Pleioclinus couchmanii,

COULTER, John Merle, 1851-1928. American botanist. Professor of natural science, Hannover College, 1874-9. Professor of biology, Wabash College, 1879-91. PhD, Indiana University, 1882. President and professor of botany, Indiana University, 1891-3. President, Lake Forest University, Illinois, 1893-6. Foundation professor of botany, University of Chicago, 1896-1925 [TL2].

COURDEROT DE MELANGE, Adrien Henri (1830-1894). Public Servant. Born Dole, Jura, France; in Australia by 1870, when witness in court case concerning his pocket book stolen in Fremantle WA in October; Government store keeper and manager Salt-works Rottnest Island, WA from c.1871; in addition described as postmaster, heliographist and medical dispenser when retired 1893. Exhibited: Sydney Exhibition 1873 salt, starch derived from Zamia; Paris Exhibition 1878 ‘jelly powder’ containing extract of sea weed. Reported as corresponding member, Royal Society of Victoria by 1891. [Various Australian newspapers; A. Campbell (1891), pp. 4-5 ]

COUTTS, Angela Georgina Burdett See BURDETT-COUTTS

COUTTS, George Condie (1865-1946). Farmer. Born Rapanyup, Vic, Australia. Farmed Rapanyup, then Batchica (near Warracknabeal); breeder of stud Merino and New Zealand Corriedale sheep. [Various Victorian newspapers]

COVENTRY, George William, Viscount DEERHURST (1865-1927). Politician. Educated Eton, Cambridge, Dresden. In Vic, ‘Extra ADC’ to Governor Loch 1886-7, involved in betting scandal. London stockbroker 1888, bankrupt 1890. Later magistrate for Worcestershire. Lieutenant-colonel Worcester Regiment, county councillor. [ Times (London), 9 August 1927, p. 12; various Australian newspapers]

COVILLE, Frederick Vernon (1867-1937). Botanist. Born Preston, New York, USA; graduated Cornell University 1887; United States Department of Agriculture: assistant botanist 1888, botanist 1893, head of Bureau of Plant Industry from 1901. Botanist Death Valley expedition 1891; promoter of blueberry culture from 1910. [ Scie n ce , vol. 85, pp. 280-81 (1937)]

COWPER, Charles (1807-1875). Politician. Born Dryford, Lancashire England; arrived in New South Wales 1809; educated privately. Commissariat Department c.1825, Secretary Church and Schools Land Corporation 1826-1833. Accumulated property by grant or purchase, bred sheep. Elected Legislative Council 1843-50, 1851-1856, 1860; MLA 1856-59, 1860-1867, 1869-70; Premier and Colonial secretary for short periods, then 1857-59, 1861-63, 1865-66, 1870. Agent General for NSW in London 1871-1875. CMG 1869, KCMG 1871. [ A D B ]

COX, Charles (1810-1892). Civil Servant. Educated Eton; served in Colonial Office 1829-79: private secretary to Under Secretary of State for the Colonies 1841-51, senior clerk 1860, chief clerk 1872, Secretary and Registrar Order of St. Michael and St George 1872-77, Chancellor 1877, KCMG 1887 [ Ti m es (London) 14 July 1892, p. 9]

COX, Christopher Christian (1816-1882). Physician, surgeon. Born Baltimore, Maryland, USA; educated Yale, Washington Medical College, Baltimore; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Philadelphia College of Medicine 1848; Surgeon of the Army 1861, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence Georgetown Medical College 1869. United States Commissioner of Pensions 1868, District of Columbia Board of Health, 1871. [ Evening star (Washington, D.C.), 27 November 1882, p. 8.

COX, George Henry (1824-1901). Pastoralist, politician. Born Mulgoa, NSW; managed fathers property Burrundulla, near Mudgee 1845, acquired property NSW, Qld; breeder of fine wool Merino sheep, exhibiting at international exhibitions. JP 1852. Active in local government, Mudgee district. Member of Church of England diocesan synods: Sydney from 1866, Bathhurst from 1873. Member of many organizations, including Royal Geographical Society of Australia, NSW Branch, sometime Vice-President. Elected MLA 1858, appointed by James Cowper MLC 1863-1901. Cousin of James Charles Cox. [ ADB ]

COX, George Reilly (c.1821-1888). Architect and surveyor. Born Lancashire, England. Arrived Vic c.1844; in practice in Melbourne by 1854. [Various Australian newspapers; Vic Probate VPRS 28/ P 0000, 38/197 ; Vic death certificate 12825/1888]

COX, James (1790-1866). Landowner. Born Devizes, Wiltshire, England; joined parents in NSW 1806; moved to Tasmania 1814 and received large land grants, including the property he named “Clarendon” where he later established a deer park. Stock breeder. Magistrate 1817. MLC 1829-34, 1851-4. [ A D B ]

COX, James Charles (1834-1912). Medical practitioner, naturalist. Born Mulgoa, NSW; apprenticed as physician in Sydney; completed training Edinburgh: MD 1857, FRCS 1858; registered in NSW 1859. Extensive private practice Sydney; Sydney infirmary: honorary physician 1862-72, honorary surgeon 1877-9, honorary consulting physician 1873-6, 1880-1911; Prince Alfred Hospital: honorary physician 1889-1901; University of Sydney: lectured on medical principles and practice 1883-1901. Active naturalist, especially conchology. Fellow Philosophical Society NSW (became Royal Society of NSW) 1859; Secretary Entomological Society (became Linnean Society of NSW) 1862, president 1881-2. FLS 1868, a founder NSW Historical Society, 1901. Cousin of George Henry Cox [ A D B ]

CRAMER [KRAMER], Carl Eduard, 1831-1901, Swiss algologist. Professor of botany at Zürich [TL2].

CRAMER, Charles Augustus (c.1833-1885). Draper, Town Clerk. Born Belfast, Ireland; arrived Warrnambool, Vic 1855. Actively involved in civic affairs, member of borough council, several terms as Mayor; Town Clerk 1877-85. JP 1867. Rose to Major, Volunteer force (later Victorian Militia), 1880. [ Ha m ilton S pectator (Vic), 30 July 1885, p. 4; various Vic newspapers]

CRAWFORD, Alexander (c.1857-1935). Multiple employments. Born Belfast, Ireland. Unknown period in Vic, arrived WA 1881. Worked on pastoral stations at Esperance, Eucla. Later chief inspector of rabbits, Director of Agriculture. Active in Royal Agricultural Society of WA, including President. [ Daily n ews (Perth, WA), 13 November 1935, p. 6; George (2009); various Australian newspapers]

CRAWFORD, Alexander Robert (1840-1912). Grazier. Born Ireland, arrived NSW 1841; lived at family property Moona Plains, Walcha, NSW from c.1845. Worked property with brothers. Strong interest in botany of New England region. [ Sydney S t ock and Station Journal , 12 April 1912, p. 6; Walcha News , 22 June 1934, p. 6]

CRAWFORD, Archibald (1815-1890). Clergyman. Born Belfast, Ireland; educated Trinity College Dublin, BA 1842, MA 1856, ordained Priest 1843. Served in parishes in Ireland. Arrived Vic 1856; minister Kensington, Melbourne 1856-8; incumbent Christ Church Castlemaine 1859-83. Archdeacon: Castlemaine 1859-83; Castlemaine and Sandhurst 1869-83. Lived in Castlemaine in retirement. [ Mount Al e xander Mail , 2 July 1890, p. 2; http://anglicanhistory.org/a u s/cci/index.pdf]

CRAWFORD, Hiram Allan (1832-1916). Coach operator, hotel keeper, orchardist. Born Oakham, Massachusetts, USA; to Vic goldfields 1852, briefly Bendigo, then Ovens Valley, settling at Beechworth; some time at Chiltern where kept hotel. Established Crawford & Co coaching company. Mayor of Beechworth Borough Council, Mayor Chiltern Borough Council; active in broader civic affairs. JP 1880-94. [ Ovens & Murray Advertiser 17 March 1900, p. 1; Federa l Standard (Chiltern, Vic), 21 January 1916, p. 2]

CRAWFORD, James Coutts (1817-1889). Naval officer, farmer, scientist. Born Strathaven, Lanarkshire, Scotland; educated Royal Naval College, Portsmouth; served 1831-7. To Sydney 1838, overlanded cattle to Adelaide. Arrived New Zealand 1839, established farm near Wellington. Active in public affairs, member of Legislative Council 1859-67. Interested in science, member of the Geological Society of London, a corresponding member of the Geological Society of Edinburgh and the Imperial and Royal Geological Society of Vienna, president of Wellington Philosophical Society and a governor of the New Zealand Institute; briefly Provincial Geologist 1860s. Captain Wellington Militia. [ Dictionary of N e w Zealand Biography ]

CREED, John Mildred (1842-1930). Physician, politician. Born Ashbrook, Gloucestershire, England; apprenticed London surgeon 1858. To Melbourne 1861 with family; worked on sheep stations 1861-2. Returned to UK for medical studies at University College London and Edinburgh: MRCS 1866, LRCP Edinburgh 1866. Registered: Vic 1866, NSW 1867; Resident Medical Officer, Sydney Infirmary 1867. Medical Officer, Cadell Northern Territory Expedition 1867-8. Practice at Scone NSW 1868-82; Woollahra NSW from 1882; Honorary Surgeon, Sydney Hospital 1884. Editor Australasian Medical Gazette 1882-93. Elected MLA 1872-4, nominated MLC 1885-1930. [ A D B ; AM P I ]

CRÉPIN, François (1830-1903). Botanist. Born Rochefort, Belgium. Schooled by tutor; postal clerk, registrar’s clerk to 1852. Private field studies of Belgian flora 1852-60. Published manual on Belgian flora from 1860. Professor State School of Horticulture, Ghent 1861-70. Botanic Garden Brussels: Herbarium curator 1871-7, from 1872 curator of plant palaeontology; Director 1876- 1901. Specialist in Rose classification. Académie Royal de Belgique: correspondent 1872, member 1878, director scientific division 1888. Secretary Royal Botanical Society of Belgium 1866-c.93. Member many scientific organizations. Chevalier de l’Ordre de Léopold, 1876, Officier 1891. [ Annuaire de l’Académie royal e de Belgique , vol. 62, pp. 85-190, (1906)]

CRESWELL, Charles Frederick (1826-1895). Seedsman, nurseryman. Born Gloucester, England; arrived Tasmania 1843. Took over father-in-law’s nursery Hobart; developed seed import and export business; established branches in Melbourne and Sydney. Father of Charles Frederick Creswell (1858-1916). [Aitken & Looker (2002)]

CRESWELL, Charles Frederick (1855 (1858?)-1916). Seedsman. Born Hobart, Tas. Entered family business, managing Melbourne branch 1872, Sydney branch 1880, Tasmanian headquarters from 1895. Son of Charles Frederick Creswell (1826-1895). [Aitken & Looker (2002), various Australian newspapers]

CRISP, Frank (1843-1919). Lawyer, microscopist. Born London, articled to law firm and studied privately for London University examinations: BA 1864, LLB 1865. Admitted solicitor 1869. Specialist in company law. Active horticulturalist, RHS Victoria Medal of Honour 1919; Royal Microscopical Society 1870, secretary 1878-90, treasurer 1890, Vice President 1883-97; FLS 1870, Treasurer 1881-1905. Knight bachelor 1907, created Baronet 1913. [ OD N B ]

CRUMMER, Henry Samuel Walker (1839-1921). Surveyor and anthropologist. Born Newcastle, NSW. An officer of the Survey Department, NSW, 1868-1914. Authority on early pastoral holdings. Founding member of the NSW Branch, RGSA, honorary secretary and librarian for 20 years. Active in Sydney musical affairs. Expert in Australian and Pacific ethnology [ Sydney Morning Herald, 20 August 1921, p. 14]

CUMING, Hugh, 1791-1865, English natural history collector. Went to South America in 1819. Dealer in natural history objects, Valparaiso, Chile, 1822-30; collected in eastern Polynesia, 1827-8; along the west coast of South America, 1828-30. In England, 1831-5. FLS, 1832. Collected in the Philippines, 1836-40 [Desmond]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

CUMMING, William (1841-1895). Pastoralist. Born New Cumnock, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1871, occupation millwright. Held Marlbed Station near Birchip Vic, in partnership with brothers by 1882, sold 1890. Manager, Lake Corrong station, Hopetoun c.1893-5. JP 1888. [Vic Inquest files VPRS 2 4 /P0000, 1895/1464 ; A r gus (Melbourne), 7 December 1895, p. 10; Vic Passen g er lists ; various Vic newspapers]

CUNNINGHAM, Allan, 1791-1839, botanist, explorer. Born in England. Collected plants for the Kew Botanic Garden, England in Brazil, Australia, NZ and Norfolk Island. FLS, 1832. Declined the appointment of Colonial Botanist, NSW in 1832 in favour of his brother Richard, but on Richard’s death accepted the appointment. Resigned after a few months [ADB]. Corchorus cunninghamii, Eriostemon cunninghamii, Trachycaryon cunninghami, Zehneria cunninghami.

CUNNINGHAM, Richard, 1793-1835, botanist. Catalogued specimens at the Kew Botanic Garden, England which brother Allan Cunningham sent home from his travels. Colonial Botanist and Superintendent of the Sydney Botanic Garden from 1832. Member of Thomas Mitchell’s expedition to ascertain the course of the Darling River in 1835. Apparently killed by Aborigines [ADB].

CURDIE, Daniel, 1810-84, medical practitioner and pastoralist. Born in Scotland. Arrived in Aust. in 1839. Established Tandarook sheep station near Camperdown, Vic. [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Limosella curdieana.

CURGENVEN, John Brendon (1831-1903). Born Tretawn, Cornwall, England. Student St Bartholomew’s Hospital, MRCS, LSA 1852; Resident Medical Officer Royal Free Hospital 1853-4; in Crimea 1855; practice Bayswater 1856-90; active in medical societies, and in political lobbying for medical and related social legislation. [ British Medical J o urnal , 24 October 1903, pp. 1104-5]

CURR, Edward Micklethwaite (1820-1889). Squatter, stock inspector, author. Born Hobart, Tas, educated in Lancashire, 1829-37, and France 1838. Returned to Tas. 1839; to Vic managing sheep properties for his father, 1841-50. Pastoral activities in New Zealand, Qld and NSW until 1862. Inspector of sheep, Vic 1862, chief inspector 1864; chief inspector of stock, 1871. Wrote C u r r (1886-7), an ethnological work based on submitted observations. [AD B ]

CURTIS, Robert (c.1829-1894). Public servant. Born London, England. Arrived Vic 1857; joined Vic public service 1860 as Library assistant, secretary to Trustees 1873. [Vic Probate rec o rds VPRS 7591/P0002, 56, 990; Australasian (Melbourne), 29 December 1894, p. 1193; Vic Blue Books; Vic Death certificate 12841/1894 (NB: death certificate ‘years in the colony’ is not consistent with Blue Books and passenger lists)]

CURTIS, Samuel, 1779-1860, nurseryman. Born in England. FLS 1810. Proprietor of Curtis’s botanical magazine, 1801-46 [Desmond].

CURTIS, William (1746-1799). Botanist, entomologist, publisher. Born Alton, Hampshire, England. Apprenticed apothecary, in practice London. Demonstrator of plants Chelsea Physic Garden 1772-7; established botanical garden 1773, moving to Brompton 1789. Published on insects; established Flora Londinensis 1775, Botanical Magazine from 1781, the latter owned by son-in-law Samuel Curtis 1801-46 but edited by others, now by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. FLS 1788. [ OD N B ; Desmond]

CUTHBERTSON, Walter Robert (1855-1905). Civil engineer, surveyor, gold investor. Born Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire, England. Employed as clerk, Great Western Railway 1870. Much travelled, including Borneo, Hong Kong, United States, Canada. Survey Department SA 1876, Land Office clerk, Northern Territory 1878; described as draftsman on arrival New York en route to Australia 1880. Secretary to Government Resident, Northern Territory 1882; with David Lindsay in Arnhem Land survey and exploration 1883; Leader RGSA Victorian Branch New Guinea exploration 1887; with Ernest Favenc explored Gascoyne, Murchison and Ashburton watersheds WA 1888; surveying in Oregon, USA 1892; in WA to invest in Murchison gold fields for London interests 1894, 1897; to Klondike (Yukon, Canada) 1899 for Sydney mining syndicate. Died Vancouver. FRGS 1891. [ South Au s tralian Register 25 July 1890, p. 3; various Australian, Californian and British Columbia newspapers USA, Australian passenger lists] Cassia cuthbertsoni, Dendrobium cuthbertsoni

CUTTS, Jane (née Thorpe) (1837-1891). Fund-raiser. Born Holmfirth, Yorkshire, England; to Melbourne as infant 1840. Married William Henry Cutts 1857. Member Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee. [Various Vic newspapers; National Archives (England) RG4 3065, p .87 (Baptism)] Cuttsia

CUTTS, William Henry (1828-1897). Physician. Born Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. Studied medicine, Edinburgh MD 1851, LSA 1851, Melbourne MD (ad eund.) 1859. Arrived Melbourne 1852, practised Beechworth 1852, Bendigo 1853, Melbourne from 1853. Member University of Melbourne Council 1858-90. A founder Medical Society of Victoria, president 1866; Vic branch British Medical Association president 1880-1. Active in Wesleyan affairs. JP 1868; Member Board of Education 1871; Member, Education Commission 1880. Husband of Jane Cutts. [ ADB , AMPI ]

CUVIER, Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, Baron,1769-1832, French naturalist. Professor of comparative anatomy at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Permanent secretary of the First Class, Institut de France, Paris, from 1803 [DSB].

D

D’ALBERTIS, Luigi Maria, 1841-1901, Italian zoologist and ethnographer. Made several expeditions in New Guinea 1871-78, the first in company with O. BECCARI [ADB, J. Willis et al. (1986)]. Specimens from the 1875-6 exploration of the Fly River are in the Melbourne Herbarium. Dendrobium undulatum var. albertisiana, Faredaya albertisii, Hibiscus d’albertisii, Mucuna albertisi, Quercus dalbertisii.

D’ALTON, Johann Samuel Eduard, 1803-54, German medical professor Studied at Bonn (DrMed, 1824) and in Holland. Extraordinary professor of anatomy, Berlin, 1833-4; professor of anatomy and physiology and director of the anatomical institute at Halle, 1834-54 [Univ. Halle archives].

D’ALTON, John (c.1829-1904). Civil engineer. Born Kilkenny, Ireland; arrived Victoria c.1855. Mining Registrar and Surveyor, Pleasant Creek 1863-70; Borough, then Shire Engineer Stawell 1870-1882, instigating major water supply scheme; Engineer and secretary Swan-Hill, Korong & St Arnaud Waterworks Trust, 1882-6; Shire Engineer Portland 1886-90; Engineer Brighton Town Council, 1890-c.1896. Member Victorian Institute of Surveyors 1883. Brother of St Eloy D’Alton. [ Ballarat star , 3 October 1904, p. 6; various Australian newspapers, Vic death certificate 7749/1904]

D’ALTON, St Eloy (1850 (sometimes 1847)-1930). Civil engineer. Born Claremont, Tipperary, Ireland; to Vic c.1871 (1875?), resident Stawell by 1875 (letter 22 October 1875). Certificate of competence as surveyor, 1879; local government engineer and surveyor Stawell and Lowan Shire , retiring as engineer and secretary Dimboola Shire 1920. Brother of John D’Alton. [Vic death certificate 14309/1930, Hor s ham times , 2 Jan 1931, p. 1, George (2000)] Trymalium daltonii

D’ARMAND DE CHÂTEAUVIEUX, Joseph Antoine Sosthènes, Comte (1804-1885). Engineer. Born Auxerre, Burgundy, France. Worked in sugar mill, Choisy; recruited 1830 as an engineer by sugar grower in Réunion; became landowner. Involved in civic affairs: secretary to the Colonial Council, secretary to the General Council, vice-president of the General Council, mayor of Saint-Leu 1858-70, President of the Réunion Chamber of Agriculture. Introduced Eucalyptus and other genera. [ Joseph Antoine Sosthènes d’Armand de Chateauvieux, personnage célèbre de la Réunion (accessed 22 January 2023)].

D’ASPREMONT LYNDEN, Guillaume Bernard Ferdinand Charles, Comte (1815-1889). Politician. Born Haltinne, Namur, Belgium. Burgomaster Barvaux-Condroz, Namur 1842-1875; Senator, 1864-84: Minister of foreign affairs 1871-8; Senate Foreign Affairs Committee 1880-4 (President 1881-4); Senate Agricultural Committee President 1883-4. Officer Leopold Order; Grand Cordon Order of the Red Eagle, Prussia; Commander Order of the Saxe-Ernestine House, Gotha; Knight Grand Cross Order of the Netherlands Lion. [ Wikipédia, accessed 23 January 2023; Wallonia Birth index 1559-1991]

D’EPRÉMESNIL, Compte (1827-1891). See DUVAL D’EPRÉMESNIL, Jacques-Louis-Raoul.

D’HOGHTON, Pierre Gresley [Sometimes Pierre de Gresley HOGHTON] (c.1856-1893). Policeman, farmer, teamster. Born Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. Arrived WA 1877; policeman Greenough 1878, farmer Williams c.1880. Accidental death, Fremantle. [UK census 1861, 1877; George (2009); inquest report, West Australian (Perth WA), 6 April 1893, p. 6.]

D’OUNOUS, Léo (?-1895). Horticulturist. Had orchards at Saverdun, Ariege, France. Memberships included: Société d’acclimatation, Société nationale d’horticulture de France 1857, later honorary. [ Journal de la Société nationale d’horticulture de France 3rd series, vol. 18 (1896), p. 13; various issues of French agricultural, horticultural and acclimatisation journals]

DAINTREY, Edwin (1814-1887). Lawyer and botanist. Born Petworth, Sussex, England. In NSW by August 1841 when appointed ‘Clerk of the Arraigns’ for Circuit Courts; in private law practice as partner 1847. Founder member Linnean Society of NSW. [ Australian to w n and country journal , 8 October 1887, p. 772; various NSW newspapers; Gibney and Smith (1987); George (2009)] Pterostylis daintreeana? [Some sources attribute the collection to Richard Daintree; some, including the record for MEL 1540857, attribute collector to Edwin Daintrey; Mueller’s label on the type specimen says “Daintree”, collected at “Sydney”. Richard Daintree specimens recorded in AVH do not include any from near Sydney.]

DALE, William Charles (1836-1897). Public servant. Born Knockholt, Kent, England. Arrived WA 1859; policeman 1859-73, attained rank of Sergeant by 1866. Superintendent of Poor Relief and Inspector of Charitable Institutions, 1873-97. [ Daily news (Perth WA), 15 March, 1897, p. 3; various WA newspapers]

DALEY, Charles (1859-1947). Teacher, naturalist. Born Bendigo, Vic; teacher in numerous localities throughout Victoria 1878-1924. Active in public bodies and societies, including Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria (President 1922-4), Historical Society of Victoria (President 1935-6), Secretary Historic Memorials Committee, Secretary Melbourne Shakespeare Society. FLS 1913. Prolific author on history of natural history, exploration and local community histories; biographer of Mueller (unpublished, MS at National Library of Australia) [ Canberra times , 20 December 1947, p. 4; Victorian naturalist , vol. 64, pp. 202-3, various Australian newspapers]

DALLACHI, John (1804-1871). see DALLACHY, John.

DALLACHY, John (1804-1871). Gardener, curator, collector. Born Keith, Banfshire, Scotland; trained at Royal Horticultural Society Experimental Garden Chiswick, England 1826-9; gardener for Earl of Aberdeen, Haddo House, Tarves, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) 1847, to Melbourne 1848. Melbourne Botanic Gardens: overseer 1849, superintendent 1852, curator 1857-62; extensive collecting journeys Vic and Darling River NSW 1849-60; Qld botanical collector 1862-71: Rockhampton, Bowen, settled at Cardwell, Rockingham Bay, Qld 1864; collected jointly with Eugene Fitzalan 1863. Inaugural member Management Committee, Horticultural Society of Victoria 1850; inaugural member Victorian Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society, 1859. [Dowe & Maroske, 20 2 0a , 202 0 b (2020a, p. 89 reproduces Dallachy autobiographical statement, 1826)]

DALTON, Stephen Michael (1852-1926). Pharmacist. Born Adelaide SA; attended Sandhurst (now Bendigo) grammar school and School of Mines. Apprenticed, then employed as pharmacist Sandhurst. Pharmacist in Prahran from c.1885; insolvent 1898. Managing dispenser Bendigo United Friendly Societies Medical Institute 1900-5. Ran pharmacies in various parts of rural Vic, finally at Lang Lang. [ Bendigo advertiser , 10 July 1905, p. 4; various Vic newspapers, Victoria Government Gazette; Victoria intestate Administration files; electoral rolls]

DALY, Dominick (1798-1868). Civil servant and colonial administrator. Born Ardfry, Galway, Ireland. Educated Oscott, near Birmingham, England. Private secretary to Lieutenant-Governor, Lower Canada, 1823-7, provincial Secretary 1827-44; provincial Secretary, United Canadas 1844-8. Lieutenant-Governor: Tobago 1851-4; Prince Edward Island 1854-9. Governor South Australia 1861 (arrived 1862), died in office. Knight 1856. [ ADB , ODNB ] Eremophila dalyana

DAMM, Karl, 1812-86. Born in Germany. Schoolmaster in Baden, then in Melbourne after going to Australia as a ‘forty-eighter’. Returned to Germany in 1862. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

DAMPIER, William, 1652-1715, pirate, naval commander. Sailed round world with many adventures, 1681-92. Surveyed parts of Australian and New Guinea coasts for Royal Navy, 1699-1701 [DNB].

DANA, William Augustus Pulteney, 1825-66, police officer. Born in England. Went to the Port Phillip district in 1843. Superintendent, Vic. police [ADB ‘Dana, H. E. P.’].

DARBY, George Leonard (1850-1926). Public servant. Born Morphet Vale, SA; chief clerk Woods and Forests Department SA, 1884 until retrenched 1902; Secretary, SA Agricultural Bureau 1888-9. [Various SA newspapers]

DARLING, Charles Henry (1809-1870). Army officer, colonial governor. Born Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia (now part of Canada). Educated Royal Military College, Sandhurst, England; ensign, 1825. Assistant private secretary to his uncle Ralph Darling, governor NSW 1827, military secretary 1830-1. Sandhurst Military College, 1831; Military secretary West Indies 1833-9; unattached company 1839-41, retired from army, settled in Jamaica 1841. Appointed to Jamaica Legislative Council and other executive boards, Governor’s Secretary, c.1845-47. Lieutenant-Governor, St Lucia 1847-51, Lieutenant-Governor and sometimes administrator, Cape Colony 1852-54; Governor: Newfoundland (now part of Canada) 1855-7; Jamaica, Honduras and Bay Islands 1857-63; Victoria 1863, recalled 1866 accused of partisanship in disputes between the two Houses of the Victorian Parliament. KCB 1862. [ A D B , O D NB , various issues, London Times] Darlingia, Helicia darlingiana.

DARVALL, William Henry Charles (1830-1906). Solicitor. Born Reading, Berkshire, England; articled clerk by 1851; arrived Melbourne 1853 as Acting-purser Asia. Town clerk, Beechworth Borough Council 1856-71, active in local affairs. Admitted attorney to practice in Victoria, 1864; in practice in Melbourne by 1879. Honorary secretary: Victorian Seamen’s Mission, Victorian Manufacturers and Exhibitors Association. [Various Vic newspapers; 1851 England census]

DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809-1882). Naturalist, geologist. Born Shrewsbury, England; educated Edinburgh, Cambridge. Independent means. Companion to Captain Robert FitzRoy in Beagle 1831-6; theorist in geology and natural history; published Origin of Species…. 1859; worked on botanical issues 1861-80. Maintained world-wide correspondence. Fellow: Geological Society; Entomological Society, Linnean Society of London, Zoological Society of London, Royal Society 1839 (Royal Medal 1853) and numerous honorary memberships. Father of Leonard Darwin. [ OD N B ]

DARWIN, Leonard (1850-1943). Scientist, eugenicist, politician. Born Down, Kent, England. Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1868; commissioned Royal Engineers, 1871; Intelligence division, Ministry of War 1885-90; resigned commission as Major 1890. Observer Transit of Venus expeditions NZ 1874, Australia 1882; total eclipse of the sun, West Indies (Granada) 1886. FRGS, 1897, member of council 1890, an Honorary Secretary 1892-1908, President 1908-11. MP, 1892-5. President, Eugenics Education Society 1911-28. Son of Charles Darwin. [ OD N B ]

DATTARI, Paolo (c.1850-????). Draughtsman, architect, field naturalist. Born Tuscany, Italy. In Melbourne by July 1878, when appointed draughtsman, Department of Lands and Survey; transferred to Railways Department 1881-7. Left Melbourne December 1887, returned 1891-4, when sailed for Europe. Probable death between 1894 and 1902 when widow(?) and youngest children emigrated from Italy to USA. Designed silverware; designed timber trophies Victorian Court, Imperial Institute, London. Juror Melbourne International Exhibition, 1880. Member: Royal Italian Geographical Society; Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1880-7, 1891-4, special interest in beetles. [Victorian inwards and outwards passenger lists; Victorian Blue Books; various Victorian newspapers, issues Victorian Naturalist, Dwyer (1996a).

DAUBENY, Charles Giles Bridle, chemist, botanist. Born in England. MA (Oxon) 1817. MD, 1821. FRS, 1822; FLS, 1830. Professor of Chemistry at Oxford University, 1822-55, also Professor of Botany, 1834 [Desmond].

DAVENPORT, Samuel (1818-1906). Landowner and politician. Born Shirburn, Oxfordshire. England; to South Australia 1843, managing land previously selected by a brother at Macclesfield for his father in 1840; ran mixed farming on own account, purchased land elsewhere in SA raising sheep, horses and cattle. Nominated MLC 1846-8, 1855-7, elected 1857-66; Commissioner of Public Works 1857. Promoter of agriculture and new industries; sometime President: Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society SA, Chamber of Manufacturers; savings bank trustee. President SA Branch, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Knight 1884, KCMG 1886. [ ADB ] Helichrysum davenportii

DAVIDSON, Alexander, fl. 1880s. Collected plants with W. A. SAYER in north Qld, 1886-7 [Desmond]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B87.13.06, p.1106]. Davidsonia, Spiraenthemum davidsonii.

DAVIDSON, Thomas, 1817-85. Scottish palaeontologist. Educated in Edinburgh, France, Italy and Switzerland. Published monograph of British fossil Brachiopoda, 1850-86. FRS, 1857. Awarded Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London, 1865; Royal Medal by the Royal Society, 1870 [DNB].

DAVIDSON, Walker Rannie (1808-1876). Surveyor. Born Perth, Scotland. Trained in Scotland, arrived Sydney 1829. Draftsman NSW Survey Department 1830, surveyor Bathurst, 1838; district surveyor 1844; Surveyor-General 1864; retired 1868. Informed amateur geologist. [Gibbney & Smith]

DAVIES, Charles, 1814-88, medical practitioner and pastoralist. Born in Wales and in France. Went to Adelaide in the 1840s where he became a prominent member of the local medical community, on the Board of Adelaide Hospital and a trustee of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. MLA, 1857-64. Took up sheep farming in the early 1860s [Warburton (1981)]. Velleya daviesii.

DAVIS, George S., c1845-1930, American businessman; partner in Parke Davis pharmaceutical company, 1867-1896; medical publisher, editor, Therapeutic Gazette, Detroit [Hoefle (2000)]

DAVIS, George Waters (1842-1887). Businessman. Born Chelsea, London, England. Trading in Adelaide 1863-5, apparent business associate of Samuel Davenport. Foundation secretary, Acclimatisation Society of South Australia 1864; to England May 1864, trading in Fenchurch Street, London, returning to Sydney via Panama 1868, insolvent 1876, resumed trading 1877, died Noumea, New Caledonia 1887. [Various Australian newspapers; marriage register Bath 1867]

DAVIS, Joseph (1807-1884). Gunsmith, municipal official. Born Aldgate, London, England. Gun and lock maker by 1841, master gunmaker 1842, member Gunmakers Company 1845, gun and lock maker 1851; arrived with two sons Melbourne 1852, described as grocer(!); settled Castlemaine 1853, described as gunsmith when elected to first municipal council 1855, resigned; appointed to a variety of municipal posts, finally Town Clerk 1860-73 when resigned due to failing eyesight. Active in development of the town, including the Botanic Gardens. Suicide. [ Mount Alexander mail , 2 February 1884, p. 2; England census 1841, 1851; various Victorian newspapers; Victorian inwards passenger lists; Victorian inquest files VPRS 24/P0000, 1884/101]

DAWSON, George Mercer (1849-1901). Geologist, anthropologist, palaeontologist. Born Pictou, Nova Scotia; studied McGill College, Montreal 1868-9, Royal School of Mines, London, 1869-72, student of Thomas Henry Huxley and Robert Etheridge (1819-1903). Naturalist and geologist, boundary survey 1872-5; Geological Survey of Canada: major field work in British Columbia and Yukon Territory, including ethnology and anthropology, 1875-83, Assistant Director 1883-95 under Alfred R. C. Selwyn, Director 1895-1901. FRS 1891, CMG 1892. Royal Society of Canada: Fellow 1882, President 1893. Gold medallist Royal Geographical Society 1897; several honorary doctorates. Son of J. William Dawson. [ Dictionary of Canadian biography ]

DAWSON, John (1819-1902). Solicitor. Born Weelsby, Lincolnshire, England; arrived in Sydney with parents and siblings c.1835. Articled clerk, Parramatta; admitted to practice 1846, partner in Rodd and Dawson, retired as principal from Dawson and Son, 1901. Bibliophile and art collector. Trustee, Industrial Blind Institution, Church of England trusts. Captain South Sydney Volunteer Company. Uncle of Henry Cocker, friend of William Woolls. [ Daily telegraph (Sydney), 7 January 1902, p. 4; various NSW newspapers]

DAWSON, John William (1820-1899). Geologist, palaeontologist. Born Pictou, Nova Scotia; studied Edinburgh 1840-1, 1847, MA 1856. Active exploration geologist; Superintendent of Education, Nova Scotia 1850-2. Principal, McGill College (University from 1885) Montreal 1855-93. Fellow Royal Geological Society 1854, Lyell Medal 1881; FRS 1862, founding president Royal Society of Canada 1862, President American Association for the Advancement of Science 1882, President British Association for the Advancement of Science 1886; President Geological Association of America 1893. CMG 1881, knight 1884. Father of George Dawson. [ Dictionary of Canadian biography ]

DAY, George Porter (1855-1932). Botanical collector, gardener, botanist, engine driver. Born Little Bendigo, Ballarat, Vic. Spent time in NSW 1870s, collected botanical specimens. Ballarat School of mines: certificate in botany 1882; lecturing in botany 1884-5. Engine driver by 1903 to at least 1919; described as ‘retired botanist’ on death certificate, ‘ex engine driver’ in probate files. [ Day , (1879); electoral rolls, Victorian death certificate 11075/1932, Victorian probate records VPRS 28/P0003, 254/297; various Australian newspapers.]

de CANDOLLE, see CANDOLLE

DE LESSEPS, Ferdinand. See LESSEPS, Ferdinand Marie, Comte de.

DE SALIS, Leopold Fabius Dietegan Fane, 1816-98, pastoralist and politician. Born in Italy. Educated at Eton, studied sheep farming in Scotland. Arrived in Sydney, 1840. Acquired property on Murrumbidgee River, NSW, and later other properties. A magistrate from 1844. MLA, NSW, 1864-9; MLC from 1874 [ADB].

DE TONI, Giovanni Batista (1864-1924), Phycologist, historian of science. Born Venice, Italy; graduated natural sciences Padua 1885, pupil of, then assistant to P. Saccardo, contributing to Sylloge Fungorum; assistant, university of Parma 1892-4; worked in library, Civic Museum Padua to 1889, studied medicine but not graduated until 1916; University of Modena: chair of botany, 1900, also taught zoology, comparative anatomy and physiology, directed agricultural station and veterinary school. Published major systematic works on algae, also geographical and ecological studies. Worked on Leonardo da Vinci especially his botanical writings, Aldrovandi and related botanical workers, as well as profiles of more recent botanists. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

DE VISIANI, Roberto (1800-1878). Botanist, physician. Born Sebenico, Dalmatia (now Šibenik, Croatia); University of Padua: graduated medicine 1822, assistant in botany 1822-6, after practising medicine in Dalmatia c.1836, Professor of Botany and Director of Botanic Garden 1837-77. [ TL2 , Trecanni Enciclopedia ]

DE ZIGNO, Achille (1813-1891). Naturalist, politician. Born Padua, Italy; educated privately. Private means sustained extensive botanical and palaeontological collections and study in the Venetian provinces. Member Accademia delle scienze di Padova 1838, president 1879-80; Reale Istituto Veneto de Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Director 1875-77. Mayor of Padua 1846-56, deputy, Central Venetian Congregation 1856, Venetian provinces representative in the Council of the Empire, Vienna 1860-6, retired from public life after annexation of Veneto to Italy, 1866. [ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ]

DEAKIN, Alfred (1856-1919). Barrister, journalist, politician. Born Collingwood, Vic; admitted to Bar 1877. Wrote for Syme newspapers, contributing to Age, editor Leader 1880. MLA 1879-1900, held office 1883-90: Chief Secretary 1885-90; chair of Royal commission on irrigation 1884. Federationist, constitutional committee Australasian Federal Convention 1897-8. Member Australian House of Representatives 1901-13; Attorney General 1901-3, Prime Minister 1903-4, 1905-8, 1909-10. [ ADB ]

DEANE, Henry (1847-1924). Engineer and scientist. Born Clapham Common, London, England; educated Queen’s College, Galway, Ireland: BA 1866, MA 1882; occasional student King’s College London. Construction engineer, Europe1869-71, Philippines 1871. To Sydney, 1880. NSW railways: surveyor 1880, district engineer 1881, inspecting engineer 1886, engineer-in-chief 1891, retired 1906. Consulting engineer transcontinental railway 1908, construction engineer-in-chief Commonwealth Railways 1912, resigned 1914. Studied Australian timbers, Tertiary flora of Australia; saw final vol of R. D. FitzGerald’s Orchids through the press. Member Royal Society of NSW 1885, President 1897, 1907; Member Linnean Society of NSW, President 1883, 1895-7; President Institution of Engineers NSW 1894-5; FLS 1885, FRHS [ ADB , Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales , vol. 58, pp. 4-5 (1924), Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , vol. 49, pp. iv-v (1925)] Melaleuca deanei.

DECAISNE, Joseph (1807-1882). Botanist. Born Brussels, Belgium; To Paris by 1824 as working gardener Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle; Assistant to Adrien de Jussieu; Chair of Rural Botany 1833; Chair of Cultures, Jardin des Plants 1851; long-term editor of botanical portion Annales des sciences naturelles. Académie des Sciences, section d’Economie rurale, 1847; foundation member Société botanique de France, President 1855; foreign FRS 1880. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , session 1881-2, pp. 62-3; Berthelot (1894)] Casuarina decaisneana.

DECKEN, Karl Klaus von der, Baron, 1833-65, German explorer. Trained in Hanover as an army officer. Commencing in 1860, undertook a number of exploring expeditions in East Africa until killed in Somalia during one of these [Brockhaus (1892)].

DEEGEN, Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann (1825–1894). Jurist. Born Egeln, Sachsen Anhalt, Germany. member of Justice Department, Berlin. Founding treasurer Ethnographical Society of Berlin 1869-73, committee from 1874, giving legal and financial advice. [ Zeitschrift für Ethnologie , 26 (1894), p. 139]

DEERHURST, Viscount. See COVENTRY, George William.

DEGRAVES, William, 1821-83, businessman and pastoralist. Born in England. Went to VDL with his family in 1824. Went to Melbourne in 1849 and established a flour mill. Became one of Melbourne’s leading merchants, and also a leading sheep and cattle breeder with properties in Vic., SA and NSW. MLC 1860-74 [ADB]. Donor to the Melbourne Zoological Garden [B60.01.01].

DEJARDIN, Léon Adolphe (1842-1912). Diplomat. Born Cambrai, France. Career diplomat, entered service 1863; served in UK, USA, then Hong Kong 1882-7, Shanghai 1887-8; Melbourne Consul 1887 (arrived 1888) -1891; Chargé d’Affaires Bangkok 1891-2; Consul-General Melbourne 1892-1900, promoted to ‘Ministre plenipotentiaire de deuxieme classe’ and ordered to Paris, no further foreign posts. Legion d’honneur: Chevalier 1884, Officier 1889 [ Barko (2000); various Australian and French newspapers, various issues Annuaire diplomatique de l’Empire français and successor titles; death certificate Archives de Paris; Archives Legion d’honour ]

DELABORDE, Henri, (Count) (1811-1899). Painter, art historian and critic. Born Rennes, France. École des Beaux-Arts, Paris: student, Delaroche studio, 1834-44. Bibliothèque nationale, print cabinet: assistant curator, 1855, curator 1858-84. Member many public organizations concerning museums and art education. Académie des Beaux-Arts: member 1868, permanent secretary 1874-98, then honorary permanent secretary. Légion d’honneur: Chevalier 1860, Commandeur 1893. [ Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques ]

DELCOUR, Jean Baptiste Charles Guillaume (1811-1889). Lawyer, politician. Born Limbourg-Dolhain, Belgium; Professor of law, Catholic University of Louvain 1836-70, dean 1843-5, 1861-2, 1869-9. Member of Chamber of Representatives for Louvain 1863-71, 1879-89, Minister of the Interior 1870-8. [Archives de l’Université catholique de Louvain]

DELISSER, Edmund Alexander (1829-1900). Soldier, surveyor, mine manager. Born Middlesex, England; Ensign, 78th regiment of foot, 1848; promoted Lieutenant 1851; injured at Aden; 2 years’ leave of absence to SA, 1852; Organizer, Volunteer force Adelaide, 1854, appointed Captain. Licensed surveyor SA by 1859, Vic 1864, Qld 1869. Surveyed western districts of SA c.1865-7. JP Fowlers Bay 1866. In Qld by 1869 as surveyor at Gympie; acting chief engineer Qld railways northern division 1886, retrenched 1887. Owner, later manager, gold mine on Musgrave gold field. [ Capricornian (Rockhampton),14 July 1900, p. 42; various SA, Qld newspapers]

DENDY, Arthur (1865-1925). Zoologist. Born Manchester, England; educated Owens College, Victoria University Manchester: BSc 1885, MSc 1887, DSc 1891. Worked on reports of the Challenger expedition, then at British Museum (Natural History). University of Melbourne: assistant lecturer 1888. Specialist in sponges and cryptic terrestrial invertebrates. Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, University of New Zealand 1893; Professor of Biology, University of Cape Town 1903;Professor of Zoology King’s College, University of London 1905-25. Active in scientific societies, including Royal Society of Victoria and Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria. FRS 1908. [ ADB ; Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B , vol. 99 (1926), pp. xxxiii-xxxv.

DENISON, William Thomas (1804-1871). Army officer and Colonial Governor. Born London, England; trained at Royal Military College, appointed Lieutenant Royal Engineers 1826, worked in Canada and later supervised Admiralty dockyard works. Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen’s Land 1846-54; Governor of NSW and Governor General of Australian Colonies 1855-61. Supported Tas and NSW scientific societies, urged British Government to compile a natural history of all colonies. Governor of Madras 1861-6, actively involved in developing Cinchona plantations. Knight 1846, KCB 1856. [ ADB , ODNB ] Dennisonia, Macrozamia denisonii

DENMARK, King of. See Frederik VII, Christian VIII, and . Christian IX.

DENNIS Brothers [Alexander (1811-1892); John (1813-1877); William (1818-1888). Graziers. Born Madron, Cornwall, England. To Vic 1840. William acquired ‘Tarndwarncoort’ near Colac, the brothers formed partnership acquiring other property in western Victoria. John left partnership 1861, William 1867, each returning to Cornwall. Alexander appointed JP 1849, renewed 1852 and thereafter; active in community and Wesleyan affairs. [ Colac Herald , 15 April 1892, p. 3; Cornish telegraph 18 October 1888, p. 5; various issues Victoria government gazette]

DERBY, Fourteenth Earl of, 1799-1869, politician. Born in England as Edward George Geoffrey Smith STANLEY. Hon. DCL (Oxford), 1852. Lord Stanley, 1844. Prime Minister, 1852, 1858-9, and 1866-8. Earl of Derby, 1851 [ADB].

DESHAYES, Gérard Paul, 1795-1875, French zoologist. Professor of conchology at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris [DBF].

DESMOND, John (1859-1915). Veterinary surgeon. Born Casterton, Vic. studied Melbourne Veterinary College, practice at Warrnambool 1888-97, lecturer in bacteriology at Melbourne Veterinary College 1897-9. Government Veterinary Surgeon and Inspector of Cattle, SA 1899-1912. Skilled microscopist, specializing in bacteriology. [ Observer (Adelaide), 27 November 1915, p. 46]

DETMOLD, William Ernest [Wilhelm Ernst] (1828-1884). Businessman, stationer. Born Hannover, arrived Vic 1852 from New York, described as ‘Book Binder, born Germany, claiming allegiance to ‘United States’. Established firm in 1853, became director of bank and other companies; supported Melbourne Hospital, active in German Club of Victoria, sometime president. Life member Royal Society of Victoria 1864. [Victoria Unassisted passenger lists, VPRS 947/P0000, Oct - Nov 1852; Naturalization papers National Archives of Australia NAA: A712, 1861/S2173, NAA: A801, 1861/80; Australasian (Melbourne), 9 August 1884, p. 267; Gibbney & Smith (1987)]

DIBBS, George Richard, 1834-1904, politician and businessman. Born in Sydney. Sailed to the Victoria River, NT, with Augustus GREGORY, 1855. MLA, NSW, 1874-7. Re-entered Parliament and became Colonial Treasurer, 1882. Held various parliamentary positions until 1895; Premier, 1885, 1889, 1891-4. Knighted, 1892 [ADB].

DICKINSON, James (1806-1888). Botanical collector, nurseryman. Born Lancaster, England; grocer, sentenced 14 years transportation for receiving stolen wool, Liverpool 1837, arrived Tas 1838, ticket of leave 1842, established nursery and seed import/export business Hobart, overseer Tas Royal Society gardens 1845. Auctioned nursery stock 1851, to Vic goldfields, then at Southport, Tas to 1861. Settled in Vic 1861, at Portarlington by 1864. Prolific newspaper correspondent and lecturer. Death certificate reports time in NZ, unconfirmed. [Cripps, A. (2022); Leader (Melbourne), 4 February 1888, p. 14; Vic death certificate 1936/1888; various convict records; various Australian newspapers, Liverpool standard, 12 December 1837, p. 3]

DICKSON, James Robert (1832-1901). Businessman, politician. Born Plymouth, England; to Vic 1854, working in banking and merchant businesses; to Qld 1862, estate agency and auctioneer, own business 1870s, company directorships. MLA: 1873-88, held a variety of portfolios; 1892-1901, various portfolios, Premier 1898-9. FRGS, 1891. CMG 1897, KCMG 1901. [ ADB ]

DICKSON, Oscar, Baron, 1823-97, merchant and philanthropist. Born in Scotland. Settled in Gothenburg, Sweden. Established large trading establishment with his brother. Created Baron by King Oscar II [Website: electricscotland.com/history/sweden (March 2004)].

DICKSON, Robert (fl.1860s-1870s). Clerk, commission agent. Assistant Secretary, Exploration Committee, Royal Society of Victoria, 1861-2. Unsuccessfully brought case for libel 1876. No further details found.

DICKSON, William (1824-1904). Nurseryman. Born Foulden, Scotland, gardener Royal Gardens, Windsor, and for James Fergusson (later Governor of SA); arrived Vic 1859, described as ‘farmer’. Established vineyard and plant nursery Indigo Creek, Yackandandah. [Vic unassisted passenger lists; Yackandandah times , 9 December 1904, p. 2]

DIEFFENBACH, Ernst, 1811-55, German medical practitioner and naturalist. In NZ, 1839-41, as surgeon and naturalist to the New Zealand Company, subsequently publishing an influential study on NZ natural history and ethnology [DNZB]. Gingidium dieffenbachii .

DIETRICH, AMALIE. See Amalie NELLE.

DILLON, William Henry (1861-1924). Teacher, naturalist. Born St Just, Cornwall. Arrived Vic 1869; teacher state schools, firstly at Barwon, c.1880, finally headmaster Portland Higher Elementary School 1911-24. Strong interest in botany, conchology, local history. [Vic unassisted passenger lists; Portland guardian , 1 December 1924, p. 3]

DISNEY, Thomas Robert, 1842-1915, soldier. Joined British Army, 1861. Served in India and Abyssinia. In command of the Victorian Military Forces, 1883-8 [TL2].

DITTRICH, Hermann (c.1849(?)-????). Army officer, traveller, botanical collector. Lieutenant Horse Artillery German Army, fought in Franco-Prussian War 1870-1; ‘accepted commercial duties’ Asia Minor, Egypt (Cairo 1883), travelled in Sudan, Abyssinia. Arrived Melbourne 1884. Naturalist on David LINDSAY ’s 1885-6 expedition to Northern Australia. [ Evening journal (Adelaide), 17 October 1885, p. 5; Vic Inwards passenger lists VPRS 947/P0000, Sep - Oct 1884] Calocephalus dittrichii.

DIXON, Samuel (1841-1927). Pastoralist, nature conservationist. Born Manchester(?), England. Arrived SA c.1860. Manager Maryvale station, west coast SA; mining interests. Promoter of nature conservation, instrumental in reservation of the Belair National Park (Commissioner 1891-1904) and Flinders Chase reserve Kangaroo Island (Board member nominated by Royal Society of SA 1919-21). Fellow, Royal Society of SA 1887, council member 1889-1918. [ Transactions and proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia , vol. 51 (1927), p. 424; Glenelg guardian , 1 September 1927, p. 2] Newcastelia dixonii.

DOBSON, Edward, 1816-1908, engineer. Born in England. Trained as a railway engineer. Went to NZ in 1850. Provincial Engineer, Canterbury, 1854-68. Father-in-law of Julius Haast. In Vic.,1869-76. Responsible for the construction of the waterworks for Geelong, Vic. [DNZB].

DOBSON, Frank Stanley (1835-1895). Lawyer and politician. Born Hobart, Tas; tutor to William Denison’s sons in Sydney. Matriculated Cambridge 1856: BA 1861, LLB 1860, LLM 1864, LLD 1870, barrister Middle Temple 1860, Victorian Bar 1861, practising in common law; lecturer in law, University of Melbourne 1863; Qeeen’s Counsel 1887. MLC 1870-95, Chairman of Committees 1883-95. Trustee of Public Library and National Gallery. Member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, President 1884, member Victorian Acclimatisation Society. FLS 1884. Brother of W. Lambert Dobson. [ ADB ] Adenanthos dobsonii

DOBSON, Mary, 1844-?. Daughter of Edward Dobson. Married Julius Haast in 1863. Spent 1874 in Melbourne with her parents after suffering a nervous breakdown.

DOBSON, William Lambert (1833-1898). Lawyer, politician, judge. Born Gateshead, England; arrived Tas 1834. In England 1853-56, admitted Middle Temple, called to Bar 1856. Admitted barrister Tas 1857, held legal appointments including Crown solicitor, commission of Caveat Board. MLA: 1861-2 Attorney General; 1864-70, Attorney General 1866-70. Puisine judge Supreme Court of Tas 1870, Chief justice 1886. Member Royal Society of Tasmania, Vice president; Chancellor University of Tasmania; trustee Tasmanian Museum and art Gallery. Brother of Frank Stanley Dobson. FLS 1883. Knight 1886. KCMG 1897. [ ADB ]

DOMIN, Karel, 1882-1953, Bohemian botanist.

DON, George, 1798-1856, botanist, collector. Born in Scotland. Foreman at the Chelsea Physic Garden, London, 1816-21. Collected plants in Brazil, the West Indies, São Tomé and Sierra Leone [Desmond].

DONALD, C. V. (fl. 1862). Clerk. Not further identified.

DORAN, Philip [sometimes Phillip] (1830-1913). Horticulturalist. Born Raywell, Yorkshire, England. Landscape gardener, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire; assisted in Crystal Palace landscaping for Great Exhibition 1851. To Castlemaine gold fields c.1855, then New Zealand returning to Castlemaine by 1858 when described as ‘gardener’, ‘vigneron’ by 1864, storekeeper partnership dissolved 1866. Curator, Castlemaine (Vic) Botanic Gardens 1866-1913. [Nonconformist register, Swanland Chapel, Yorkshire; Bendigo advertiser , 1 October 1913, p. 7; Aitken & Looker (2002); various issues Mount Alexander mail] Dicrastylis doranii

DOUGHTY, Bertha. See MÜLLER, Bertha Friederike Louise.

DOUGHTY, Charles George (1816-1890). Pastoralist, stock and station agent. Born Brockdish, Norfolk; arrived New Zealand 1841, in Vic 1842, SA by 1848. Ran ‘Monbulla’ sheep station near Penola c.1851-1856, ‘St Helens’ cattle station, near Portland Vic 1856-9, stock and station agent, Mt Gambier c.1860-c.1888; JP from 1863; active in public affairs. Married Bertha Müller 1856; father of George F. St H. Doughty, Clara Doughty. [ Adelaide observer , 29 March 1890, p. 28; South Eastern times (Millicent, SA), 20 July 1926, p. 4; Gibbney & Smith (1987)]

DOUGHTY, Clara Bertha (1860-1941) Lady’s companion. Born Mt Gambier, later lived in Woodville, Adelaide; visit to UK 1920-21 as companion to Mrs A. J. Chapman, both listed as charity supporters 1920s-1930s. Mueller’s niece, daughter of Bertha and C. George Doughty, brother of George F. St H. Doughty. Nominal defendant in Vic court case to clarify powers of Mueller’s executors, 1909. [SA birth registration 21/325; Passenger lists 1921, various issues SA newspapers; Civil case files, In the matter of the will of Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller deceased, Public Record Office Vic, VPRS 267/P0007/ 1909/515 )]

DOUGHTY, George Ferdinand St Helen (1857-1893). Public servant. Born ‘St Helens’ Portland Vic. Accountant, Stock and Brands Department, SA 1878-93. Son of Bertha and C. George Doughty, sister of Bertha Doughty. [ South Australian chronicle , 2 December 1893, p. 10]

DOUGLAS, John (1828-1904). Politician and administrator. Born London. England; University of Durham BA 1850. Arrived Sydney 1851, sub-commissioner NSW southern goldfields 1852-3, in partnership held ‘Talgai’ sheep station, Darling Downs 1854-62. NSW MLA 1859-61. To Brisbane 1863: Qld MLA 1863-9, 1875-83, held various ministerial posts including premier 1877-9; Qld Agent General, London 1869-70. Government resident, Thursday Island, 1885, 1888-1904, accompanied Everill expedition to Fly River 1885, special commissioner British New Guinea 1885-8. [ ADB ]

DOUGLASS, Alfred (1820-1885). Businessman, newspaper proprietor. Born Loughborough, England. Arrived Tas 1835, worked in business of a relation, Hobart. To Vic 1850, established wool-store business Geelong, expanding interests as director of banks and general merchant as Douglass, De Little & Co which also speculated unsuccessfully in Qld sheep station and mining interests in Vic and NSW; partnership dissolved 1864. Proprietor Geelong advertiser 1861-85, partner with Graham Berry c.1869-80. JP 1855. Active but unostentatious philanthropist; trustee Geelong Mechanics’ Institute; treasurer Geelong and Western District Agricultural and Horticultural Society; active in acclimatization. [ Geelong advertiser , 31 October 1885, p. 2, various Vic newspapers]

DOVE, Heinrich Wilhelm, 1803-79, German physicist and meteorologist. Professor of physics at Berlin from 1844; director of the Prussian Institute of Meteorology from 1849 [DSB].

DOW, John Lamont (1837-1923). Pastoralist, journalist, politician. Born Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. Arrived Geelong 1848 with family. Explored Gulf of Carpentaria country 1862; pastoralist Herbert River tableland. Returned Vic 1868: Agricultural editor Leader c.1873-86, 1892-1915; MLA 1877-93, Minister for Lands and Agriculture, 1886-90; bankrupt 1893. [ ADB ]

DOWDEN, Michael Francis (1859-1896). Librarian. Born Kew, Vic. Melbourne Public Library: assistant 1878-88, second principal assistant 1888-95, librarian 1895-6. University of Melbourne, LLB, called to Bar 1886, did not practice. [ Armstrong (1906); Advocate (Melbourne) 15 February 1896, p. 11]

DOYLE, Martin (c.1825-1880). Miner, local government official. Born Wexford, Ireland. To Vic c.1853, mining at Pleasant Creek (later known as Stawell) goldfields; mine manager by 1869; Town Clerk Stawell 1870-80. [Various issues Vic newspapers]

DRÖGE (DROEGE), Gustav. (fl. 1840s-1860s). Journalist, newspaper proprietor, lecturer. Born Germany (?); arrived Adelaide 1847, cabin passenger with Mueller and his sisters on Hermann von Beckerath; established short-lived German-language newspapers in Adelaide and Melbourne 1850s; to NZ by 1858, active in establishing German Associations in Nelson and Auckland; attempted (unsuccessfully?) to found newspaper in Invercargill 1859; active lecture tours on NZ in SA and NSW 1861-2, and throughout NZ 1862-5; Droege (1869) published in Bremen. Convicted of assault Adelaide 1851; using alias Thomas Meyers bound over to keep peace Sydney 1866, allegations he ‘forgot to pay the printer’ during 1862 NSW lectures; involved in altercations, Melbourne 1856. [various Australian and NZ newspapers]

DROUYN DE LHUYS, Édouard (1805-1881). Statesman and diplomat. Born Paris, France. From 1830 in diplomatic service, ambassador to Netherlands and Spain, later briefly to United Kingdom. Elected Deputy, 1842, Senator 1862-6. Several periods as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1848, finally resigning after Austro-Prussian war, 1866. Foundation member French Acclimatisation society 1854, vice-president 1857, president 1861-78, honorary President 1878-81; member Academy of Moral and Political Sciences c.1861-81; member Academy of Agriculture, section of economics, statistics and agricultural legislation 1869-81. Légion d’Honneur: Chevalier 1835, Officier 1841, Commandeur 1849, Grand Officier 1850, Grand Croix, 1853. Several foreign decorations. [‘Obsèques de M, Drouyn de Lhuys’, Bulletin de la Société d’acclimatation . Series 3, vol 8 (1881), pp. i-xx.] Podocarpus drouynianus

Drude, Carl Georg Oscar (1852-1933). Botanist. Born Braunschweig, Germany; studied Göttingen; lecturer at Göttingen; professor and director of botanic garden Dresden 1879-1920; taxonomist, especially palms and umbellifers; pioneer plant geographer. [ Deutsche Biographie ] Livistona drudei

DRUMMOND, James (c.1787-1863). Botanist and plant collector. Born Inverarity, Angus, Scotland; curator Cork Botanical Gardens 1808-29. Arrived WA 1829, superintendent Government Gardens 1829-34; granted land, exchanged for ‘Hawthornden’, Toodyay 1836. Collected seeds and plants, sold 6 collections totalling c.3,500 numbers to subscribers, plus many not sent overseas; identified plants poisonous to stock. Collection acquired by Mueller from son James Drummond Jr. [Erickson (1969); ADB ] Eremophila drummondii, Eriostemon drummondii, Helichrysum drummondii.

DRUMMOND, James Jr (1814-1873). Farmer, pastoralist, flour miller. Born Cork, Ireland. Arrived WA 1829, helped run ‘Hawthornden’, Tooday, property of his father James Drummond. Acquired other property in WA, major wheat grower and miller. JP c.1853, MLC 1870. [Erickson (1969); ADB ]

DRY, Richard (1815-1869). Landowner, politician. Born Launceston, Van Diemen’s Land (later Tasmania); farmed ‘Quamby’ near Westbury; JP 1837, nominated MLC 1844-5, 1847-51; elected MLC 1851-4, elected Speaker; Premier and Colonial Secretary 1866-9. Knight Bachelor 1858. [ ADB ]

DU CANE, Charles (1825-1889). Politician, colonial governor. Born Ryde, Isle of Wight, England; Oxford BA 1847. MP 1857-68; Civil Lord of the Admiralty 1866-8. Governor Tasmania 1869-74. Chairman UK Board of Customs 1878, Deputy Lieutenant of Essex. [ ADB ]

DU CHAILLU, Paul Belloni, 1835-1903, African explorer. Born in France, educated in Gaboon, West Africa. Went to USA in 1852. Led exploring expeditions into Central Africa, 1856-60, 1863-5. Collected many natural history specimens, including gorillas. Moved to Sweden in 1871 [Dictionary of American Biography].

DU FAUR, Frederick Eccleston (1832-1915). Public servant, pastoralist agent. Born London, England; in Australia 1853-56, and then from 1863. NSW public service: Surveyor General Department, draughtsman 1863-66; Occupation of Crown Lands Office 1866-1881. Pastoralist agent 1881-1901. Member Royal Society of New South Wales 1873, FRGS 1875, a founder of the Geographical Society of Australia and first chairman 1883, urging Antarctic exploration, promoted exploration Papua. Managing trustee Ku-Ring-Gai Chase national park 1894. Promoter of art: an original member NSW Academy of Art 1871, council member 1873, honorary secretary and treasurer until 1881; National Art Gallery: trustee from 1875, secretary and treasurer until 1886; president 1892-1915.[ ADB ] Trematanthera dufaurii

DU PETIT-THOUARS, Louis-Marie Aubert Aubert, 1758-1831, French traveller and botanist. Studied at the Collège de La Flèche. Captain in the military garrison at Lille, 1786-92. Botanized at Île-de-France (Mauritius), Île de Bourbon (Réunion) and Madagascar, 1792-1802. Director of the Imperial Plant Nursery at Roule, 1807-27. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1820 [DBF].

DUCHARTRE, Pierre-Etienne-Simon, 1811-94, French botanist. Studied at the Garden of Plants (Jardin des plantes), Toulouse, and at Montpellier (doctorat ès sciences, 1841). Professor of botany at the agricultural college at Versailles, 1849-52; at Faculté des Sciences, Paris, 1861-86. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1861 [DBF].

DUCHESS OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA, see Alexandrine Luise Amalie Friederike Elisabeth Sophie.

DUERDIN, John (1808-1868). Solicitor. Born Cripplegate, London, England; practiced in Queens Bench, Westminster; to Vic by 1841 when admitted to practice as attorney, proctor and solicitor of the Supreme Court of NSW, Port Phillip district (later Victoria). Member Victorian Horticultural Society by 1850. To England December 1853, described 1861 as ‘Solicitor not in practice’. Returned Melbourne 1862, retired from practice. [Various Australian and UK newspapers; Vic passenger lists; England census 1861]

DUFF, John (1845-1913). Public servant. Born Scotland? (some sources have Ireland; coroner’s inquest has Scotland); to NSW 1866. Overseer Sydney Botanic Gardens 1866-82, officer-in-charge 1867 in absence of Charles Moore; Inspector of Forests 1882-90. [George (2009); NSW Blue Books; NSW register of coroner’s inquests, number 127, 1913]

DUFFIELD, Alexander James (1823-1890) [some sources have 1821/22; baptised April 1823]. Translator and mining engineer. Mining chemist in Bolivia and Peru, involved in attempts to introduce alpacas into Australia, met with Vic Acclimatisation Society 1864; advised Qld government on sugar plantations. Travelled in Spain and elsewhere. Translated Don Quixote. [ ODNB , various Australian newspapers]

DUFFUS, Edmond George (1845-1923). Public servant. Born Port Macquarie, NSW; to Vic c.1846. Joined public service: Lands Department 1863-85, then Agriculture Department, rising to Secretary, Department of Agriculture 1907-10; Magistrate 1911. [Various Vic newspapers, Vic Blue books]

DUFFY, Charles Gavan (1816-1903). Lawyer and politician. Born Monaghan, Ireland. Proprietor weekly newspaper, Dublin 1842-55; Member House of Commons, 1852-5. To Melbourne 1855, admitted Vic Bar 1857. MLA 1856-64, 1867-74, 1876-80: Commissioner Public Works 1857; Commissioner Crown Lands and Survey 1858-9, 1861-3; Premier and Chief Secretary 1871-2; Speaker 1877-80. Trustee Melbourne Public Library, Gallery and Museum. Retired to Europe, settled in Nice, France 1880, wrote histories of Ireland. Knight Bachelor 1873; KCMG, 1877 [ ADB ].

DUGAN, M. (fl. 1884-1886). Not further identified.

DUMÉRIL, André Marie Constant, 1774-1860, French zoologist. Professor of ichthyology at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris [DBF].

DUNAL, Michel Félix, 1789-1856, botanist. Born in France. Professor of botany at University of Montpellier from 1829 [TL2].

DUNCAN, George Oliphant (1819-1887). Public servant. Born Dumfries, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1853, at Norfolk Island 1853-4, joined Vic prison service 1854, Inspector of Industrial Schools 1866-71, Inspector General of Penal Establishments, 1871-81. [ Australasian (Melbourne), 21 May 1887, p. 29; Vic Blue Books, various issues Vic newspapers]

DUNCAN, James (1813-1907). Presbyterian missionary. Born Airdrie, Scotland; trained at Theological Hall, Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Paisley. Ordained 1842; appointed missionary to the Māori, arrived Wellington 1843, mission Manawatū 1844-c.1860; opened church for settlers, finally withdrawing from itinerant work among Māori 1872. Retired 1897. [ DNZB ]

DUNCAN, Mr. Of Albany, WA.

DUNN, Edward John (1844-1937). Geologist. Born Bedminster, England; to Goulborn NSW 1849, to Beechworth Vic 1856. Joined Vic public service: Land Survey 1860, transferred to Geological Survey 1864, trained under Alfred Selwyn, qualified mining surveyor 1869. Government Geologist Cape Colony 1871-86; consulting geologist based in Melbourne 1886-1904; director of the Geological Survey, Victorian Department of Mines and Water Supply 1904, retired 1912 returning to private practise. Fellow Geological Society 1884, Murchison medal 1905. [ ADB ]

DUNN, James (1836-1898). Station employee. Born Scotland. Arrived Vic c.1857; worked on ‘Larra’ estate of J. L. Currie, Derrinallum; variously described in Vic newspapers as gardener or boundary rider, as gamekeeper on death certificate and station employee on probate documents. One of three employees to receive minor legacy in will of J. L. Currie. [Vic death certificate 12727/1898; Vic probate VPRS 7591/P0002, 70/514]

DURAND, Théophile Alexis (1855-1912). Botanist. Born Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, Belgium; studied pharmacy Liége. Associated with National Botanic Garden Belgium, Director 1901. Royal Belgian Botanical Society: Member 1873, President, 1898-9. Secretary General 1901-12. Published on Belgian, Swiss and Costa Rican flora, later African flora, especially of the Congo. Royal Academy of Belgium: correspondent 1904, member 1910. Member of many other societies, Order of the Crown: golden palms 1898, Officer 1910; Knight of the Leopold Order 1902. Hon DSc, University of Geneva 1909. [ Bulletin de la Société royale de botanique de Belgique , vol 53 (1914), pp. 7-50]

DURIEU DE MAISONNEUVE, Michel Charles, 1796-1878, French botanist. Infantry officer, 1815-48. Member of scientific commission to Algeria, 1840-2; revisited Algeria, 1844-8. Director of the Bordeaux Botanic Garden from 1853 [DBF]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium [B65.10.01]. Thryptomene maisonneuvii.

DUTHIE, John Firminger (1845-1922). Botanist. Born Sittingbourne, Kent, England; Cambridge BA 1867. Professor of Natural History, Royal Agricultural College Cirencester. Superintendent Saharanpur Botanic Garden, India 1876-1903; specialised in grasses of northern India; annual lectures on botany, India Forest School Dehra Dun. Assistant for India, Kew herbarium, 1903-22. FLS 1875. [ Kew Bulletin of miscellaneous information , 1922, pp. 125-128]

DUTTON, Francis Staker (1818-1877). Pastoralist, politician. Born Cuxhaven, Germany, educated in Switzerland. In Brazil as clerk c.1835-9. Arrived Sydney 1840, to SA c.1841 as overseer of brother’s property ‘Anlaby’ near Kapunda where found copper 1842. Sold interest in mine, became of independent means. Elected MLC 1851-7; MLA 1857-62, 1862-5; held ministerial office: Crown lands 1857-9, 1863; Public Works 1865; briefly twice premier 1863, 1865. SA Agent General in London 1865-77. CMG 1872; FRGS 1864. [ ADB , Australasian (Melbourne) 3 February 1877, p. 7, various issues SA newspapers] Duttonia, Eremophila duttonii.

DUVAL D’EPRÉMESNIL, Jaques-Louis-Raoul (1827-1891). Acclimatiser. Born Paris. Founder secretary-general Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation 1854-71, vice-president 1872, honorary vice-president 1887 (several society name changes, including those associated with political changes in France). Organizer, Jardin d’acclimatation du Riou, Cannes 1876. Developed own exotic plant collection, Antibes, from 1879. [ Re v ue des sciences naturelles appliquée , vol. 39(1), pp. 110-11 (1892); L e s familles titrées et anoblies au XIXe siècle , p. 520]

DWIGHT, Henry Tolman (1823-1871). Bookseller and publisher. Born London, England; worked in London book trade; brought large stock second-hand books to Melbourne 1855; expanded by purchase of other firms; acted as agent for London antiquarian bookseller Quaritch; publisher, including fiction. Large bequest to University of Melbourne. [ ADB ]

DYER, WILLIAM TURNER THISELTON. See William Turner THISELTON-DYER.

DYSON, Arthur, 1812-1895, seedsman. English born; was a seedsman at the Eastern Market, Melbourne until his business was destroyed by fire in September 1871 and he moved to Northcote, establishing the Northcote Nursery that he ran until his death.

E

EADES, Richard (1809-1867). Physician. Born Dublin, Ireland; educated Trinity College Dublin BA 1832, MB 1836; MRCS 1834, Member Royal College of Surgeons Ireland 1844. Surgeon migrant ship to Canada 1832-3; studied botany and medicine Paris, lectured on materia medica Dublin. To SA 1848, established practice and engaged in politics. To Melbourne 1852. Private practice; official visitor Lunatic Asylum 1856-67, physician Melbourne Hospital 1859-66, city health officer 1865; lecturer materia medica and therapeutics University of Melbourne medical school 1862-7. A founder Philosophical Institute of Victoria 1855 (member of council 1858-9) and Royal Society of Victoria 1860 (vice-president 1860). Member Burke and Wills Exploration Committee. Melbourne City Council from 1854, Mayor 1859-60. [ ADB ] Eadesia.

EARL of HOPETOUN, see HOPE, John Adrian Louis.

EARL, George Samuel Windsor, c.1805-65. Born in England. Went to Swan River Colony, WA, 1829. Appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands, Port Essington, North Australia, 1838. Discovered Kimberley district, WA, 1857 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Earlia.

EATON, Alice [later HEAL] (1870-1932). Botanical collector. Born Youngedin WA, collected plants for Mueller 1888-94. Married Arthur Heal 1895. Sister of Martha Eaton. [ Maroske and Vaughan (2014)] Trachymene eatoniae

EATON, Daniel Cady, 1834-95, American botanist. Studied at Yale and then at Harvard with Asa GRAY. Professor of botany at Yale from 1864. An expert on ferns [ANB]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B61.02.01, B63.05.01].

EATON, Henry Francis (1831-1912). Public servant. Born East Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England. Arrived Vic 1851; joined Vic public service 1853, accountant stores and transport branch 1855; transferred to Treasury 1865, rose to Under Secretary 1889-95. Member Philosophical Institute of Victoria 1857, transferring to Royal Society of Victoria: Vice President 1860, Treasurer 1863-4. [Vic Blue Books; Age (Melbourne), 5 October 1912, p. 3; Gibbney & Smith (1987)] Goodenia eatoniana

EATON, Mary Martha Vile [later HEAL] (1868-1941). Botanical collector. Born Youngedin WA, collected plants for Mueller 1888-95. Married James Heal 1889. Sister of Martha Eaton. [ Maroske and Vaughan (2014)] Gompholobium eatoniae

Eckert, Johann Paul (1861-1925). School teacher. Born Black Springs SA. Taught in Lutheran schools in the Wimmera district including schools at Kirchheim and Murtoa Vic until 1913, then temporary teacher in the Victorian Education Department in Gippsland, resigned 1914, moved to SA, taught in Lutheran school near Riverton. [Various Vic and SA newspapers]

ECKLON, Christian Friederick, 1795-1868, Danish Botanist. From Schleswig-Holstein. Trained as a pharmacist but became a professional plant collector, spending most of his life in South Africa, where he worked for a number of years in partnership with Carl Zeyher. In Hamburg, 1833-7 [TL2; Gunn & Codd (1981)]. His Schleswig-Holstein herbarium was acquired by M. Psychotria eckloniana.

EDELFELDT, Erik Gustaf, d. 1895, government officer. Born in Sweden. Went to New Guinea in 1884, collected natural history specimens. Later in Qld. [ADB]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Coelogyne edelfeldtii.

EDGAR, James Scott (1843-1902). Gardens curator. Born Inverness, Scotland [some sources imply Liverpool, England]. Garden experience Liverpool(?) [some sources suggest Kew Gardens, but not shown as trained at Kew in lists of botanic garden curators in Kew Bulletin]. To Sydney mid-1860s, then to Qld. Qld Exposition Commissioners collector 1866, worked for Anselm Thozet. Storeman Northern Railway. Curator Rockhampton Botanic Gardens 1873-1902. Collaborated with John O’Shanesy. [ Rockhampton bulletin , 27 September 1873, p. 2; Morning bulletin (Rockhampton), 26 June 1902, p. 5; Aitkin & Looker (2002).

EDWARD, Prince of Wales and later King Edward VII of England, 1841-1910 (reigned 1901-10).

EDWARDS, Annie Helen (1859-1950). Collector. Born Deniliquin, NSW. Family managed, then leased ‘Runnymede’ near Kyogle, then later at stations NW of Lismore. Never married. [ Maroske &Vaughan (2014)]

EDWARDS, Henry (1827-1891). Actor and entomologist. Born Ross-on Wye, Herefordshire, England. Worked in London bank, began interest in entomology. Arrived Melbourne 1853, collected insects; acted from c.1885 in Melbourne theatres, managed theatres in Ballarat from 1862. To United States 1866, in California as actor and entomologist to c.1878, to Boston 1878, New York 1879, interrupted by theatrical tour of Australia 1889. Member California Academy of Sciences, sometime Vice-president; New York Entomological Club, sometime Vice-president; founding editor of its journal Papilio. [ Brown-May & May (1997); various issues Australian and Californian newspapers; Canadian entomologist , vol. 23 (12) 1891]

EDWARDS, Henry Hebert [some sources have Hubert] (1868-1914). Veterinary surgeon. Born Hawthorn, Vic. Registered after study at Victorian Veterinary College c.1891; secretary Veterinary Surgeons’ Society of Vic by 1893. To WA 1893, subsequently gazetted as Government Veterinarian 1894; active in experimental investigation of diseases, and poisoning by plants. [ Bunbury herald , 25 June 1914, p. 1; various Vic and WA newspapers]

EGGER, Johann Nepomuk Georg, 1804-1866, physician. Secretary of the Imperial Royal Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna (Kaiserlich Königliche zoologisch botanische Gesellschaft).

EGLOFFSTEIN, August Florian Heinrich Casper von (1819-1881). Civil servant. Educated Tübingen. Official in Württemberg: Privy Councillor, secretary to the Royal Cabinet, Chancellor for Orders 1864-74. [ Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek name database; Arbogast et al. (1967), Bd. 18, p. 368]

EHRENBERG, Christian Gottfried (1795-1876). Biologist. Born Delitzsch, Germany; studied medicine Leipzig, Berlin, doctorate 1818. Travelled and collected: Egypt, Abyssinia, Arabia 1820-25, Russia 1829. University of Berlin Faculty of Medicine: assistant professor 1827, professor 1839, dean four times; Rector of the university 1855. Microscopist, studied and described numerous species of corals, protozoa and diatoms, and developed micropalaeontology. Memberships include Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Berlin 1827, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1836, foreign FRS 1837, American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1849, Paris Académie des sciences: corresponding member 1831, foreign associate 1860. Wollaston Medal, Geological Society of London 1839. [ Journal of botany , vol. 14 (1876), p. 320; De u tsche Biographie ]

EHRHART, Johann Balthasar, 1700-56, German botanist and physician. Of Memmingen [TL2].

EICHLER, August Wilhelm, 1839-87, German botanist. Educated at University of Marburg, 1857-61. Assistant editor to c.MARTIUS of Flora brasiliensis, 1861-8; editor, 1868-71. Professor of botany at Graz, 1871-2; at Kiel, 1872-7; at Berlin from 1877 [DSB].

EIMER, Gustav Heinrich Theodor, 1843-98, German zoologist. Educated at Tübingen, Freiburg, Heidelberg and Berlin. Graduated in medicine and natural history (DrMed, 1868; DrPhil, 1869). At Darmstadt Museum and Professor at the Polytechnikum, 1874. Professor of zoology & director of Zoological Institute in Tübingen from 1875 [NDB].

EISEN, August Gustav (1847-1940). Botanist, zoologist, horticulturalist. Born Stockholm, Sweden. school teacher: Visby 1858-63, Stockholm Lyceum 1863-8. Student Uppsala University 1868, BSc 1873; to California with Swedish Academy of Sciences biotic survey, 1873. Established vineyard Fresno, 1873. Worked on fertilization of figs, earthworm anatomy and systematics; promoted conservation of Sequoia groves. California Academy of Sciences: member 1874, curator (various titles) 1892-1900. Honorary doctorate, Uppsala 1893. [ Illinois Natural Hi s tory Survey website , Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ; various issues US newspapers.]

ELDER, Thomas (1818-1897). Businessman, pastoralist and public benefactor. Born Kirkcaldy, Scotland, arrived SA 1854. Partner in Elder, Stirling & Co, successfully financed copper mines 1859; became Elder Smith & Co from 1863, wool-brokers and pastoralists in SA, Qld, WA. Supporter of exploration, imported camels. Owned racehorses including ‘Baron von Mueller’. Philanthropic support for University of Adelaide. MLC 1863-9, 1871-8. KCMG 1878, GCMG 1887. [ ADB ]

ELIOTT, Huntly John Harry (1843-1921). Public servant. Born Auckland, New Zealand; entered public service 1858, rising to Under-secretary for Lands and then Mines. Retired 1906, but member of Royal Commissions in retirement. [ Pahiatua herald , 16 June 1921, p. 6; New Zealand mail (Wellington), 7 March 1906, p. 22]

ELLERY, Robert Lewis (1827-1908). Astronomer, observatory director. Born Cranley, Surrey, England; trained as surgeon (MRCS), avocational access to astronomical instruments at Greenwich Observatory. Arrived Melbourne 1852, urged observatory at Williamstown for chronometer calibration; Director 1854-95, oversaw move to Melbourne Domain 1863, expanding role to meteorology and geodetic survey. Served on public bodies including: treasurer University of Melbourne; Chairman of Alfred Hospital; Trustee of Public Library, Gallery and Museum. Member Royal Society of Victoria: long-term member of Council, President 1867-84. Fellow Royal Astronomical Society 1859; FRS 1873; CMG 1889. [ ADB , Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , Series A, vol. 82 (1909), pp. vi-x.

ELLERY, Robert Lewis John, 1827-1908, astronomer, civil servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Director of the Melbourne Observatory from 1862. FRS (Vic.). University of Melbourne Councillor. Trustee of the Melbourne Public Library, Gallery and Museum. FRS, 1873. CMG, 1889. President of the AAAS, 1900 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B69.07.03]. Euodia elleryana.

ELLIOT, George Henry (1813-1902). Merchant. Born Hayes, Middlesex, England; resided in Canada, the United States and India; to Melbourne during gold rush, later to Tas and SA. Lived in semi-retirement at Coobowie, Yorke Peninsular, SA from 1881. [ Pio n eer (Yorketown), 1 March 1902; various issues Australian newspapers]

ELLIOT, Thomas Frederick (1808-1880). Public servant. Born London; career in Colonial Office: junior clerk 1825, promoted to various roles: secretary to emigration commissioners 1831, superintended emigration to Australia 1832, senior clerk North American department 1833, in Quebec 1835-7; agent-general emigration 1837-47, assistant undersecretary of state 1847-68. KCMG 1869. Interested in science, vice-president Royal Institution 1876. [ ODNB , A D B ]

ELLIOTT, Alexander (1824-1901). Gardener and horticulturalist. Born Peebleshire, Scotland; trained as landscape gardener, Edinburgh. Arrived Melbourne 1856, worked at Botanic Gardens, designed and laid out Portland Vic botanic gardens 1857; Head Gardener University of Melbourne 1860-1901. Active in horticultural affairs, grasses specialist. [Aitken & Looker (2002); Age (Melbourne), 23 October 1901, p. 6]

ELLIOTT, Charles Boulton [Bolton] (1850-1904), Physician. Born London, England, studied Edinburgh(?): MRCS 1873, LRCP Edinburgh 1873, ship’s surgeon to WA 1874. Resident Medical Officer: briefly Colonial Hospital Perth, private practice and Resident Medical Officer, Geraldton District 1874-1904. JP; at times Acting Government Resident. [ Geraldton advertiser , 9 May 1904, p. 3; AMPI ; various issues WA newspapers]

ELLIOTT, Fredrick John (c.1856-1919). Physician. Born England; apprenticed at Devon and Exeter Hospital; student at Guy’s Hospital Medical School, MRCS 1879. Resident surgeon Townsville Hospital Qld; medical officer and photographer Elder Exploring Expedition led by David Lindsay 1891-2. Medical officer and proprietor of Guy’s Maternity Hospital, Donnybrook WA c.1895-1915, army roles WWI; Regional Medical Officer and Acting Magistrate Derby WA, by 1918-9. [ Inquirer and commercial news (Perth), 24 February 1892, p. 5; Bunbury herald and Blackwood express , 17 December 1919, p. 3; various issues Australian newspapers].

ELLIOTT, Sizar (1814-1901). Merchant. Born Burnham, Essex, England; to New Brunswick, Canada 1818-35, apprenticed merchant-auctioneer; to Launceston Tas, partner bread and biscuit business 1835-c.1836; Sydney c. 1836, grocer, introduced canning of vegetables and meat by 1846; established general merchant business Melbourne 1852. Member Melbourne City Council 1858-60; prize-winning wine grower Brighton late 1860s-1875; fund raiser for Alfred Hospital 1871-9. Member Philosophical Institute of Victoria exploration committee 1857, life member Royal Society of Victoria 1856-1901. JP 1859. [ ADB , Prahran telegraph , 12 January 1895, p. 3, various issues of Australian newspapers].

ELLIOTT, William (1813-1897). Horticulturalist, journalist. Born Northumberland, England; arrived Vic 1853. Nurseryman Ballarat, entered partnership Thomas Lang & Co, Ballarat 1860; Horticultural Editor, Leader c.1874-95. Active in horticultural societies Vic from at least 1859, member Horticultural Improvement Society from 1874. [ Leader (Melbourne), 20 July 1895, p. 13, Leader (Melbourne), 23 January 1897, p. 13; Aitken & Looker (2002)] Thryptomene elliottii

ELSDON, William (1829-1904). Engineer. Born Lemington, Northumberland, England; apprenticed to George Stephenson, Newcastle-on-Tyne, who recommend Elsdon to Hobson’s Bay Railway Co. Arrived Melbourne 1855 as manager. Became general manager and engineer-in-chief Victorian Railways when Hobson’s Bay Co. taken over 1880. Resigned over political interference by Thomas Bent 1882; began and managed Newcastle NSW coal mines. [ Argus (Melbourne), 11 March 1904, p. 6; various issues Vic and NSW newspapers.]

ELSEY, Joseph Ravenscroft (1793-1858). Bank of England official. Born Ockbrook, Derbyshire, England. Bank of England: Branch Banks’ Office by 1834, Deputy Cashier by 1845. Father of Joseph Ravenscroft Elsey (1834-1857). [ ADB ; various issues Times (London) and other English newspapers]

ELSEY, Joseph Ravenscroft (1834-1857). Surgeon, explorer, naturalist. Born London, trained Guy’s Hospital, MRCS 1855; member North Australian Expedition, 1855-7; returned to London, went to West Indies to study natural history; died December 1857. Son of Joseph Ravenscroft Elsey (1793-1858). [ ADB ] Ripogonum elseyanum

ELVIDGE, Mary Ann, 1790-1872, algae collector. Of Vic. Collected for William Harvey and J. Agardh. Married John Barker [S. Ducker notes, RBG, Melbourne]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02 ‘Mrs Barker of Arthur’s Seat’].

EMBLING, Jane. See Jane Webb Chinnock.

EMBLING, Thomas, 1814-93, medical practitioner, politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1851. First Resident Medical Officer at the Yarra Bend Lunatic Asylum from 1852. MLC from 1855 [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with, and animal donor to, the Melbourne Botanic and Zoological Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. On the Committee of Management for the Melbourne Zoological Garden. Emblingia calceoliflora.

EMMETT, Skelton Buckley (1818-1898). Farmer, explorer, public servant. Born England; to Tasmania 1819. Farmer and pound keeper, Launceston District 1839-42; farming at Circular Head by 1850, interrupted by successful prospecting Vic, Mt Alexander field 1851. Active exploring of northwest Tas. Insolvent 1862. Member Royal Society of Tasmania 1851. Accompanied Mueller on trip from Circular Head 1875. [ Mercury (Hobart), 17 November 1898, p. 2]

ENDLICHER, Stephan Ladislaus, 1804-49, botanist. Born in Hungary. Curator of natural history museum, Vienna, 1836. Professor of botany at University of Vienna and director of Vienna Botanic Garden from 1839 [TL2]. Darwinia endlicheri, Hibbertia endlicheri, Xerotes endlicheri.

ENGELHARDT, [sometimes ENGELHART] August Friedrich Gottfried (1825-1907). Medical practitioner. Born Mülhausen, Germany;. Arrived SA c.1855. Returned to serve as surgeon in Franco Prussian War, 1870-71, MD Giessen 1870. Numerous practices, finally at Robe, then Kingston SE, SA . Keen naturalist. [George (2007); Narracoorte Heral d , 5 April 1907, p. 3; AM P I ]

Engelmann, Georg (1809-1884). Physician, botanist. Born Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany; studied at Heidelberg, Berlin and Würzburg. MD 1831. To the United States of America 1833, practised medicine at St Louis from 1835. Extensive botanical interests, including pines and cacti. Founder and long-time president St Louis Academy of Sciences 1856, elected member American Philosophical Society 1862, a founding member National Academy of Sciences 1863. [ White (1896)].

ENGLER, Adolf Gustaf Heinrich (1844-1930). Botanist. Born Sagan (Schlesien), educated at Breslau. Privatdozent and curator of the Munich Herbarium, 1871-8. Professor of botany: Kiel 1878-84; Breslau 1884-9; Berlin 1889-1930. Editor (with Karl Prantl) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 1887-1930. Leader of Berlin school of taxonomy and plant geography. [ Deutsche biographia ; TL2 ]

ERNST AUGUST, King of Hannover. Reigned 1837-51 [All.DB].

ERNST II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 1818-93 (reigned 1844-93).

ERNST LUDWIG (1868-1937). Grand Duke of Hesse und bei Rhein. Born Darmstadt, succeeded his father Ludwig IV, 1892. Married 1st Princess Victoria Melita April 1894, divorced 1901; 2 nd Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, 1905. Patron of arts and sciences; writer, composer, illustrator. See pseudonym list in Deutsche Biographie. Grandson of Queen Victoria. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

ERNST, Adolf, 1832-99, German botanist. Settled in Venezuela, 1861 [TL2].

ETHERIDGE, Robert (1819-1903). Palaeontologist, museum curator. Born Ross, Herefordshire, England; silk mercer, Cheltenham(?). Largely self-taught: attended lectures Bristol Philosophical Institution, appointed curator 1850. Geological Survey of Great Britain: assistant naturalist, 1857; palaeontologist 1863, curated survey’s specimens in Museum of Practical Geology; demonstrator in palaeontology for Thomas Henry Huxley at Royal School of Mines. British Museum: assistant keeper, geology 1881-93. FRS 1871, c, served on ouncil and as vice-president. Geological Society of London: fellow 1854, several terms on council, president 1880-2, Murchison Medal (1880. Palaeontological Society: treasurer 1880-1903. Father of Robert Etheridge Jr. [ ODNB ]

ETHERIDGE, Robert Jr. (1846-1920). Palaeontologist, ethnologist, museum director. Born Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England; student of Thomas Henry Huxley and John Tyndall at Royal School of Mines, trained as palaeontologist by his father Robert Etheridge (1819-1903). Geological Survey of Victoria: assistant field geologist 1866-9. Gold mining 1869-71. Underground manager south Wales coal mine 1871(?)-73; palaeontologist Geological Survey of Scotland 1873; British Museum assistant in geology department. Worked on Australian material, including fossils from Robert Jack. Joint appointment Palaeontologist Geological Survey NSW and Australian Museum, Sydney 1887; Curator Australian Museum 1895-1920, enhancing ethnological collection. Council member of Royal Society of New South Wales (Clarke Medal 1895) and Linnean Society of New South Wales. Mueller medal, Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1911. [ ADB }

ETTINGSHAUSEN, Constantin von (1826-1897). Palaeobotanist. Born Vienna, Austria; graduated MD University of Vienna 1848. Professor of popular physics, mineralogy and botany, medico-surgical Josephs Academy, Vienna 1854-71; professor of botany University of Graz 1871-97. Specialist in Tertiary flora. [ Deutsches biographie , TL2 ] Gentiana ettingshauseni

ETTINGSHAUSEN, Constantin, Baron, 1826-97, palaeobotanist and mineralogist at Graz, Austria [TL2]. Gentiana ettingshauseni.

EVANS, George Samuel (1802-1868). Politician, barrister, editor. Born London [some sources have Gloucestershire, others Berkshire], England; educated Edinburgh (MA 1827; LLD 1830), called to Bar 1837; active member New Zealand Co, in Wellington 1839-44, returned to London. In Victoria 1853-65; editor Herald 1855-8, MLA 1856-64, variously Post-Master General and minister for Lands. Returned to Wellington NZ 1865. [ ADB ]

EVANS, George Samuel,1802-1868, politician, barrister, editor, Born London, educated Edinburgh (MA 1827; LL.D 1830), called to Bar 1837; active coloniser of New Zealand, in Victoria from 1853-1865; editor Herald, MLA and variously Post-Master General and minister for Lands. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02] [ADB].

EVANS, Gowan Edward (1826-1897). Journalist, lawyer. Born Towcester, Nottinghamshire, England. Educated Oxford: BA 1849, MA 1852; entered Middle Temple, called to the Bar 1864. Contributor to the Spectator. Appointed Trustee to represent Edward Wilson, joint proprietor of Argus (Melbourne), arrived Vic 1867, inherited Wilson’s share as managing partner 1878; admitted to Vic Bar 1868. [Towchester Parish Register, Baptisms 1813-1837, no. 776; Australasian (Melbourne), 9 October 1897, p. 788]

EVERARD, William (1819-1889). Businessman, politician. Born London, England; arrived Adelaide with parents and siblings 1836. Partner with brother in horticultural property, Myponga. Director of numerous companies. Civic activity memberships: Council of University of Adelaide, Board of Governors, Public Library and Art Gallery and Museum; Board of Management of Botanic Gardens. Elected House of Assembly 1865-9, 1871 (unseated by Disputed Returns); MLC 1873-8. Ministerial positions included Commissioner of Crown Land and Immigration 1873-5. [ So u th Australian Register , 26 August 1889, p. 5]

EVERILL, Henry Charles (1847-1900). Master mariner, explorer. Born Worcester, England. Merchant seaman; Captain in Siamese navy; travelled in Malaysia, tobacco planter Sumatra. Lecturer in navigation, Sydney Technical College. Commander Bonito, Fly River expedition 1885. Attempted to promote colonization of British New Guinea. Bankrupt 1890. [England 1851 Census; Australasian (Melbourne), 14 November 1885, supplement, p. 1; Argus (Melbourne), 11 September 1900, p. 6; various issues Australian and New Zealand newspapers] Tetracera everillii

EVIS, Samuel John (1854-1920). Clerk. Born Birmingham, Warwickshire, England; joined Royal Geographical Society as messenger 1866, rising to chief clerk 1883-1920, self-described as ‘accountant’. [ Geographical journal , vol. 55 (1920), p. 158; England census, 1911]

Ewald , Ludwig [Louis] Wilhelm (1813-1881). Treasury official. Born Offenbach-on-Main, Germany; various Treasury roles 1837-79. Member of Grand Duchy of Hesse parliament 1857-62. Privy Councillor 1873. Founder Verein für Erdkunde, Darmstadt 1845, held several roles, resigned office 1880. [Darmstädter Zeitung, 24 January 1881, p. 114: Hessische Biografie ; Notizblatt des Vereins für Erdkunde zu Darmstadt , V Folge, 2 Heft, pp. 15-16]

EYRE, Augustine Lewis Slater (c.1842-1907). Merchant seaman, miner, clerk. Born Douai, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; indentured apprentice UK merchant navy, December 1856, deserted Columbia Melbourne July 1858. Chequered career, including mining, paid police informer, secretary to various organizations and exhibitions in Vic, frequent litigant in mining courts; abroad from 1902, then WA by 1903. [National Archives England, Registry of Shipping and Seamen: Index of Apprentices. BT 150/1-53; Victoria Police Gazette, 22 July 1858, p. 305; various issues Australian newspapers]

EYRE, Edward John (1815-1901). Explorer, colonial governor. Born Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England. To Sydney 1833. Acquired sheep property, Molongolo Plains, NSW; overlanded stock to Melbourne, later to Adelaide. Explored toward Lake Torrens. Explored coastal overland route from Adelaide to Albany, WA, 1840-1. Resident magistrate Moorundie. Lieutenant-governor New Zealand 1846-53 where had disputes with governor George Grey; lieutenant-governor St Vincent 1854-9; acting governor Leeward Islands 1859-60; acting governor Jamaica 1862, governor-in-chief 1864, dismissed 1866. Prosecuted by the ‘Jamaica Committee’ led by John Stuart Mill, acquitted. Granted pension 1873. Royal Geographical Society Founder’s Gold Medal, 1847 [ ADB , ODNB ] Eyrea rubelliflora, Pimelea eyrei

F

FAIRFAX, James Reading, 1834-1919, newspaper proprietor. Born in England. Went to Sydney with his family in 1838. Became a partner with his father and elder brother in John Fairfax & Sons, owner of the Sydney morning herald, in 1856; proprietor from 1877. Knighted, 1898 [ADB].

Falck, Carl Friedrich Ludwig [ Charles Frederick] (1833-1908). Watchmaker. Born Körlin, Pommerania. Arrived in SA 1854, then Melbourne 1855; established watchmaker business Melbourne 1856, transferred business to Beechworth from 1862. [ Ovens and Murray Advertiser , 13 June 1908, p. 5; various Vic newspapers, Vic naturalization application 1864; Vic probate files VPRS 28/P0002, 109/820]

FALCK, Niels Nikolaus, 1784-1850, jurist, statesman. Born in Schleswig-Holstein. Professor of law at University of Kiel from 1814. President of Schleswig-Holstein Diet, 1838; member of constitutional convention, 1848. Rector of University of Kiel in 1847.

FALCONER, HUGH, 1808-65, Scottish botanist. Studied at Aberdeen (MA, 1826), and Edinburgh (MD, 1829). Assistant surgeon for the East India Company, 1830. Superintendent, Saharanpur Garden, 1832-41. FRS, 1845. Superintendent, Calcutta Botanic Garden, and professor of botany at Calcutta Medical College, 1848-55. [Desmond]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

FALDER, John (1844-1896). Farmer and fruit grower. Born Cumberland, England; to Vic c.1854, settled with father in Bendigo area; held land at Tarnagulla from late 1860s. President, Murphy’s Creek and Tarnagulla Farmers’ Association, 1878. Involved in Wesleyan affairs. [ Bendigo Independent , 20 May 1896, p. 2; Vic death certificate 7911/1896; Inquest deposition files, Public Record Off i ce Victoria PRS 24/P0000, 1896/614 ; various Victorian newspapers; various issues Victoria Government Gazette]

FALKENBERG, PAUL, 1848-1925, German botanist [Barnhart (1965)].

FANNING, Edward (184-1917). Businessman. Born Sydney, NSW; educated UK, Oxford BA 1870; to Melbourne 1871 in Australian branch of his father’s company; maintained garden in St Kilda, with J. Brown as a gardener [ ADB ; Leader (Melbourne), 12 December 1891, p. 10]

FARADAY, MICHAEL, 1791-1867, British natural philosopher, chemist and electrician. Assistant, Royal Institution, 1813; professor of chemistry from 1832. Made numerous discoveries in relation to electricity and magnetism [DSB]. Faradaya.

FARQUHARSON, Eliza Jane, 1823-?. Married William Smillie, Advocate General of SA, 1840-51, in 1844. Bertha Müller stayed with the Smillies in SA. Went to Europe with her family in 1851, but became a widow soon afterwards. Sister-in-law of Baron Karl von Hügel. Returned to Aust. in 1867, re-settling in SA. Dendrobium smillieae.

FARR, Samuel Charles (1827-1918). Architect. Born Baldock, Hertfordshire, England; arrived Akaroa, New Zealand, 1850; to Christchurch 1862. Long-term Secretary Canterbury Acclimatisation Society; involved in salmon introduction [ Ash b urton guardian , 15 July 1918, p. 8]

FARRELLY, Mary Martha [née MALEY] (1866-1943). Social welfare worker. Active in Women’s Christian Temperance Union, prisoner welfare, founder Rural Women’s Household Science course; JP. [ Maroske & V a ughan (2014); Da w n (Perth, WA), Australa s ian (Melbourne), 15 September 1928, p. 19]

FAVENC, Ernest (1845-1908). Explorer, journalist, historian. Born Walworth, Surrey, England; arrived Sydney 1864, station hand North Qld. Leader of expedition Blackall-Darwin 1878-9; established cattle station Creswell Creek NT; explored Macarthur River area 1883; Upper Gascoyne, Murchison and Ashburton rivers region WA with Walter Cuthbertson 1888. Journalist for Sydney evening news; wrote on history of Australian exploration and other works including fiction. [ AD B ]

FAWCETT, Charles Hugh (1813-1890). Police magistrate, member of parliament. Born County Fermanagh, Ireland; to NSW 1843; purchased Fairy Mount station (now Kyogle) on Richmond River 1844. Entered Public Service 1862: government agent and police magistrate based at Casino to c.1879; police magistrate at Bullahdelah (now Bulahdelah) and Stroud 1883-90. MLA 1880-82. FLS 1880.[ Northe r n star (Lismore, NSW), 19 March 1890, p. 2; Parliame n t of NSW, Former members ; NSW Blue Books; various issues NSW newspapers] Fawcettia, Clematis fawcettii, Cylicodaphne fawcettiana

FAWCETT, William (1851-1926). Botanist. Born Arklow, County Wicklow, Ireland; University of London BSc 1879; assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History) 1880-6; Director of Public Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica 1887-1908; returned to London, based at British Museum (Natural History) where jointly wrote Flora of Jamaica. FLS 1881 [Desmond; Ti m es (London), 20 August 1926, p. 13]

FAYE, Étienne Léopold (1828-1900). Lawyer and politician. Born Marmande, France. Maire of Marmande 1870-3; Deputy 1871-9; Senator 1879-1900. Ministerial offices: Under-Secretary of State for the Interior 1876, Minister of Public Instruction, Religious Affairs and Fine Arts 1887-8, Minister of Agriculture 1889-90. [ La Ju s tice (Paris). 8 September 1900, p. 2; various issues Journal officiel de la République française ]

FAYENZ, Heinrich (1836-1905). Naval officer. Born Trieste, then part of Austro-Hungarian empire. Entered Trieste naval college c.1852; joined Austrian navy as cadet 1854, saw service in Mediterranean; in Sydney 1858 as a cadet during Novara cruise 1857-9. Saw service in European waters, then to Naval Academy, Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) c.1879, Deputy commander of Academy 1882-4. Captain Saida circumnavigation 1884-6, in Melbourne March 1885. Retired 1886. [ K a rpf (2001), pp. 70-7]

FAYRER, Sir Joseph, 1824-1907, English physician. Studied at Charing Cross hospital, London. Medical officer, HMS Victory, 1847. Assistant surgeon, Bengal, 1850. Professor of surgery, Medical College, Calcutta, 1859-72. President, Medical Board of the India Office, 1874-95. FRS, 1877. Created baronet, 1896. Studied poisonous snakes of India and the physiological effects produced by their venom [DNB].

FEARON, Christopher Augustus (1788-1866). Born Portsmouth, England, spent time in China, arrived Sydney 1839. JP 1847; no other details found. [Various NSW newspapers, NSW inwards passenger records]

FEATHERSTON, Isaac Earl (1813-1876). Doctor, politician. Born Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Studied medicine Edinburgh, MD 1836; ship’s surgeon to New Zealand arriving 1841, practised Wellington. Active and controversial provincialist in civic affairs; elected superintendent Wellington Province 1853-70; simultaneously Member NZ House of Representatives 1853-70. Agent General in London 1871-6. [ Dic t ionary of New Zealand Biography ] Leptinella featherstonii.

FEEHAN, Maurice Joseph Augustine (c.1858-1933). Pastoralist. Born Melbourne, managed father’s ‘Tinapagee’ station, Wanaaring, Paroo region NSW c.1881 to c.1901; Managed ‘Wingadee’ station, near Coonamble NSW, c.1903-32. Member Wingadee Shire Council 1906-32. [ La n d (Sydney), 16 September 1932, p. 24; Sy d ney morning herald , 15 February 1933, p. 14]

FENTON, Michael, 1789-1874, politician and landed proprietor. Born in Ireland. Served in the British Army in India, rising to the rank of Captain. Went to VDL in 1828, acquiring land near New Norfolk. Member of Legislative Council, 1840-5, 1847-56; Speaker 1855-6. Speaker of Tas. House of Assembly, 1856-61 [ADB].

Fenzl, Eduard (1808-1879). Botanist. Born Krummnußbaum, Lower Austria. Studied medicine Vienna, MD 1833. Curator of the collections of the Vienna Herbarium, 1840. Professor of Botany 1849, and Director of the Vienna Botanic Garden. Contributed to the elaboration of Hügel’s Swan River, WA plants. [ Reichardt (1880); Deutsche Biographie ]

FEREDAY, John, 1813-71, Episcopalian minister. Born in England. Went to VDL in 1838. Minister at Georgetown, Tas. Botanical collector, especially algae [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [e.g. B65.10.01].

FERGUSON, Alistair McKenzie (1816-1892) (Baptised Alexander, but used Alistair). Publisher. Born Conon Bridge, Ross-Shire, Scotland. Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) civil service 1841-6: sub collector of customs, police magistrate. With Ceylon observer from 1846; published works on tropical agriculture. Owned two tea estates. Commissioner for Ceylon, Melbourne exhibition 1880-1. CMG 1882. Brother of William Ferguson (1820-1887). [ Inverne s s c ourier , 30 December 1892, p. 5; Aberdeen evening express , 28 December 1892, p. 4.]

FERGUSON, Charles (1813-1868). Harbour master. Born Leith, Scotland. In Vic by 1851, when appointed to civil service; Chief Harbour Master and associated roles, Vic 1853-68. Died in London when on leave. [Vic Blue Books, various issues Vic and English newspapers]

FERGUSON, Charles Darius (1832-1925). Prospector. Born Aurora, Ohio, USA; arrived California goldfields 1850; to Sydney 1852, then to Vic goldfields, at Eureka protest. Signed as Foreman, Victorian Exploring Expedition (‘Burke & Wills Expedition’] August 1860, discharged at Balranald September 1860. In New Zealand in 1870s, then in Gippsland, Vic. Returned to California 1883. [Various Australian and Californian newspapers; C. D. F e rguson (1888)]

FERGUSON, Daniel, d. 1864, Curator of the Belfast Botanic Garden, Ireland, 1836-64 [Desmond].

FERGUSON, William (of Kinmundy) (1823-1904). Businessman, geologist. Born Kinmundy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Entered Marischal College, Aberdeen 1838, did not complete course. Merchant in Liverpool, Glasgow, London; retired from business 1872 when inherited Lairdship. Active in Free Church affairs, local government, New Spalding Club (antiquarian society), Edinburgh Geological Society, Geological Society of London 1854, FLS 1854, and related historical and natural history societies. Honorary LLD, Aberdeen, 1895. [ Buc h an observer and East Aberdeenshire advertiser , 12 May 1896; Edinburgh Ev e ning news , 12 September 1904, p. 3; various issues UK newspapers. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 117th session 1904-5, p. 33]

FERGUSON, William (1820-1887). Born Conon Bridge, Ross-shire Scotland. Surveyor and naturalist. Joined Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) civil service as surveyor 1839-87; position allowed development of wide-ranging natural history observations; chief interest botany, active correspondent with Kew Gardens. FLS 1862. Brother of Alistair McKenzie Ferguson). [ OD N B , Procee d ings of the Linnean Society of London , Session 1887-88, p. 89; W . Ferguson (1887) , note p. 41]

FERGUSON, William (c.1827-1887). Horticulturalist, forester. Born Ayr, Scotland. Arrived Melbourne c.1853 (some sources gave 1856, but he wrote for the press from September 1853). Gardener in Melbourne: for John Henry Brooke, Mount Eagle, Heidelberg by 1859; for Hugh Glass, Flemington House 1863-9. Active in the Vic Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society. Overseer of Forests from 1869; Curator of Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1869-72, clashing with Mueller as Director. Transferred to Mount Macedon 1872 to establish State Nursery. [ Austra l a sian (Melbourne) 22 October 1887, p. 777; Aitken & Looker (2002); Fox (2004), pp. 183-218. Various issues Vic newspapers; Vic death certificate 14260/1887].

FERGUSSON, James (1832-1907). Politician and colonial governor. Born Edinburgh, Scotland; joined Grenadier Guards, wounded in Crimea 1854, retired from army 1859. MP 1855-7, 59-68, 1885-1906, held office as under-secretary for India 1866-7, Home Office 1867-8, Foreign Office 1886-91, Post-Master General 1891-2. Colonial Governor: SA 1869-72; New Zealand 1872-5; Bombay 1880-5. KCMG 1875; GCSI 1885. [ A D B ]

FERRERO DELLA MARMORA, Alfonso, 1804-78. Italian soldier and statesman. Born at Turin. Entered Turin military academy in 1816. Major general 1848; lieutenant general 1849; commander of Italian expedition to Crimea, 1855. Minister of War, 1848-55, 1856-9; President of Council, 1859-60, 1864-5; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1865-6. Military commandant of Naples, 1861-4; of Florence, 1866-8 [Dizionario biografico degli italiani].

FERRES, John (1818-1898). Printer. Born Bath, England; trained as printer, ran a general office Bath. Arrived Vic 1848; Melbourne morning herald, rising to manager. Government Printer 1851-71, reinstated 1881-7. Awards for printing from international expositions include: Philadelphia 1876, Paris 1878, Amsterdam 1883. Uncle of Robert Smith Brain [ ADB , various issues Vic newspapers] Eurybia ferresii

FEUILLÉE, Louis Éconches, 1660-1732, French priest and botanist. Travelled in South America and the West Indies [TL2].

FICALHO, Francisco Manuel De Mello Breyner, Conde De, 1837-1903, Portuguese botanist and writer. Studied at the Polytechnic School (Escola Politécnica), Lisbon, 1855-60; professor of botany there from 1864 [Website: www.arqnet.pt/dicionatio/ (December 2004)].

FIELD, Octavius Adolphus (c.1844-1889). Teacher, printer’s reader. Born Kent, England; arrived Vic 1864, working on Geelong chronicle. Teacher Ondit, Vic, by 1870; teaching in New Zealand from c.1875-c.1880; in Puckapunyal, Vic, early 1882. Working as printer’s reader, Melbourne from c.1882-9 when died from complications of accident. Member volunteer forces New Zealand and Vic. Insolvent New Zealand 1879, Vic 1889. [ Age (Melbourne) 3 July 1889, p. 7; Vic death certificate 12866/1889; Australian Joint Copying Project, Field family lett e rs ; Vic assisted immigration shipping records; various issues Vic and New Zealand newspapers]

FIELDER, Walter (1855-1913). Clergyman, naturalist. Born Ampthill, Bedfordshire, England; studied St Augustine’s College, Canterbury 1881; Missionary College of St Paul, Burgh-le-Marsh 1881; arrived Qld as missionary c.1883. Ordained: deacon, Brisbane 1886, priest Melbourne 1905. Curate Toowoomba, Qld, 1886-7; deacon St John Toorak (Vic) 1903-4, locum St Mark Fitzroy and Melbourne diocese 1907-13. University of Melbourne: matriculated 1888; passed single subject science courses 1889-92. Demonstrator histology and physiology 1893-1913. Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria: member 1890, secretary 1891-4. Fellow Royal Microscopical Society 1898. [ A g e (Melbourne), 29 May 1913, p. 7; Victoria n naturalist , vol 30 (1913), p. 36; http://anglicanhistory.org/a u s/cci/index.pdf .]

Finck, Hugo Carl Theodor (1824-1895). Agriculturalist, botanist. Born Murrhardt, Württemberg, Germany; in Mexico by 1851, settled in Córdoba, Veracruz. Mexico. Promoted coffee growing, plant acclimatization. [ El Mundo ilustrado (Puebla de Zaragoza), 8 September 1895, p. 11]

FINDLAY, James (1821-1905). Grazier. Born Penpont, Dumfrieshire, Scotland; educated University of Edinburgh. To Vic 1842, managed grazing properties ‘Ballangeich’ c. 30 km NNE Warrnambool, ‘Bonegilla’ c. 15 km E of Wodonga, ‘Tallangatta’ c.35 km SE Wodonga, finally buying ‘Towong’ on the Murray River close to Corryong. Accompanied Muller collecting in Upper Murray region. [ Corryong co u rier , 16 November 1905, p. 2] Bertya findlayi

FINDLAY, Michette Raoul. (f.1865-1880). Exhibited camel thought to be from Burke & Wills expedition 1865; NSW Licensed surveyor 1874, not recorded as receiving Government survey fees 1876. Possibly the same as ‘Michette Findlay alias Forbes’ charged with theft and forgery 1880. [NSW Blue books, NSW Police Gazette, 16 June 1880, p. 233, 11 August 1880, p. 302]

FINLAY, Alexander Kirkman (1844-1883). Stock breeder. Born Dunoon, Argyleshire, Scotland; educated Harrow, Cambridge BA 1868. Arrived Vic 1869, proprietor ‘Glenormiston’, Western District, Vic, when pastoral holdings of his father and Niel Black converted to freehold. Developed sheep, cattle and horse studs; active racehorse owner and committee member of racing clubs. Saw devastation of vineyards in France 1880 and collected and translated information on it. Son-in-law of Hercules George Robert Robinson. [ Ar g us (Melbourne), 2 August 1883, p. 8; Alu m ni cantabrigienses , part 2, vol. 2, p. 497; various issues Australian newspapers]

FISCHER von WALDHEIM, Alexander (1803-1884). Botanist. Born Mainz, Germany. To Moscow: adjunct professor botany and pharmacology Medical Academy; professor of botany Moscow University and director of the Botanical Garden1830-65. Imperial Naturalists’ Society of Moscow (Societas Caesarea naturae Curiosorum Mosquensis): secretary 1825-35; vice-president from 1853, president 1872-84. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

FISCHER-BENZON, Rudolf von (1839-1911). Teacher and librarian. Born Westermühlen, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Studied at Kiel: DrPhil 1865. Privatdozent Kiel, 1866-9. Schoolteacher in Schleswig-Holstein, 1869-93; at Husum, 1874-8; at Kiel, 1878-93. Provincial librarian Kiel from 1895. Wrote on history, including botanical history. Title professor 1889, Knight Dannebrog Order 1893. [ Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck ]

FISCHER, Carl Frank (?-1893). Doctor, homoeopath, viticulturalist. Little known of early life. Arrived New Zealand 1853 or 1854. Opened homoeopathy practice, Auckland. Grew exotic plants; nursery and vineyard, wine cellar and brandy distillery at Takapuna. In practice Sydney 1870-7, 1880-5; founder Ashfield Infants’ Home. In Europe 1877-80, graduated medicine Würzburg: MRCS, LRCP. Investigated use of infectious diseases to control rabbits. NSW Commissioner at Chicago World fair, where died suddenly. [ Dictionary of New Zealand Biog r aphy ; Sydney ma i l and New South Wales advertiser , 19 August 1893, p. 377; various issues Australian and New Zealand newspapers]

FISCHER, Detlef Ludwig Theodor (1809-1902). Gardener. Born Treetz, Holstein, Germany. Apprenticed to the Hamburg Botanic Garden, worked at gardens in Holland, Germany, Austria; Head Gardener at the University of Kiel Botanic Garden 1832-48. Arrived Adelaide 1848. Settled in Bugle Ranges, SA, neighbour of Mueller. Father of Friedrich Theodore Fischer, Father-in-law of Friedrich Krichauff. [ Chro n icle (Adelaide), 19 April 1902, p. 30, Gemmell (1975)]

FISCHER, Dorothea Sophia Arivolina. Daughter of Ludwig Fischer. Married Friedrich Krichauff 10 May 1853. They had four sons [ADB ‘Krichauff’].

FISCHER, Friedrich Theodor (1834-1922). Farmer. Born Kiel, Holstein, then Denmark, now Germany. To SA 1884. Farmed at Hindmarsh Valley, near Victor Harbour. Active in local branch SA Agricultural Bureau. Son of D. L. T. Fischer; brother-in-law of Friedrich Krichauff; acquaintance of Jessie Hussey. [Various issues SA newspapers]

FISCHER, Johann Gustav, 1819-89?, German zoologist. Named several species of reptiles after M [Darragh (1996)].

FISCHER, Maria. See Maria Strahlendorf.

FISCHER, Theodor Georg Victor (1808-1884). Book publisher. Born Cassel, Germany. Established publishing firm Leipzig 1837, moved to Cassel 1838; published wall charts for schools and universities, books on zoology, palaeontology and botany. [ Hessisches Buchdr u ckerbuch , 1894, p. 48; Data b ase of scientific illustrators ]

FISHER, Alexander (c.1830-1894), Surgeon. Born Glasgow, Scotland; LRCSE 1851. In practice in Vic 1853-94; Secretary Medical Association of Victoria. Art collector. Insolvent 1871. [ A M PI ; A g e (Melbourne), 22 March 1894, p. 4; Fisher v. Fisher 1875, Victoria Divorce case files VPRS 283/P0000, 287]

FISHER, John (1831-1876). Public servant. Born Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland. Joined Vic public service 1853, served as receiver and paymaster at sub-treasury offices in Vic, including Creswick, Daylesford, Avoca and Talbot. [ A v oca mail , 18 February 1876, p. 2; Vic Blue books]

FISHER, John Duncan (1820-1873). Hotel keeper. Born Hull, Yorkshire, England. Said to have arrived Sydney c.1844, then to Albury by 1847, finally Beechworth, Vic, 1853. Established and owned Commercial Hotel 1853-69; active in town affairs; member of Borough Council 1862-c.1870, Mayor 1867-8. [ Ovens and Murray advertiser , 1 December 1873, p. 2, various issues Australian newspapers]

FISHER, Thomas (fl. 1862). Lived in Amherst, Vic, but not further identified.

FISHER, William Rogers (1846-1910). Forester. Born Sydney; in England with family by 1851. Cambridge BA 1867. Indian Forest Service: training chiefly at Nancy Forest School, France, also St Andrews and Edinburgh 1869-71; Assam and NW Province India 1871-8; Deputy-Director, later Director, Imperial Forest School, Dehra Dun 1878-89. Assistant professor of forestry, Coopers Hill College, 1890 moving with the department to Oxford 1905-10. Member Royal English Arboricultural Society; President 1904-6. [ Times (London), 15 November 1910, p. 13, Alu m ni cantabrigienses , part 2, vol 2, p. 506]

FITCH, Walter Hood, 1817-92, botanical artist. Born in Scotland. Botanical illustrator at Kew Gardens. FLS, 1857 [Desmond].

FITZALAN, Eugene [Fitzherbert Albini] (1830-1911). Horticulturist and plant collector. Born in Ireland. Conflicting accounts of life before arrival in Australia and of his second and third given names; evidently trained as a gardener on Earl of Enniskillen estate, County Fermanagh. Settled in Geelong, Vic, by 1852, then Little River, insolvent 1855. To Qld 1859. Nurseryman at Port Denison (Bowen) from 1862, curator of Bowen Botanical Gardens 1880-6; to Cairns 1886, established nursery, simultaneously caretaker/curator Botanical Reserve 1890-7, florist in Brisbane 1897-1911. Botanical collecting: Tasmania c.1854; Qld Government survey of Burdekin river, 1860; other unofficial Qld excursions, at least once with John Dallachy. [ Dowe & Nelson (2015), Dowe (2015)] Eria fitzalani, Eulophia fitzalani, Fitzalania, Gardenia fitzalani, Lepistemon fitzalani, Macropteranthes fitzalanii, Musa fitzalanii .

FITZGERALD, Charles William [Fourth Duke of Leinster] (1819-1887). Politician. Born Dublin, Member House of Commons 1847-62, in House of Lords as Baron Kildare 1870, Succeeded to dukedom 1874. [ Times , (London), 11 February 1887, p. 10]

FITZGERALD, James Joseph (c.1846-1935). Policeman, pastoral manager, forest ranger. Born Dublin(?), Ireland, arrived Adelaide 1850. Worked in SA, NSW, WA. Survivor of two shipwrecks: Gothenburg (1875), Rodonda (1894). [ Advertiser (Adelaide), 4 November 1935, p. 19; WA electoral rolls]

FITZGERALD, John Francis (1841-1893). Roman Catholic priest. Born Tipperary, Ireland. Ordained Vic 1867, served in parishes in Melbourne area and in Mortlake and Stawell, Vic. [ Mount Alexander mail , 5 September 1893, p. 3]

FITZGERALD, Nicholas (1829-1908). Politician, brewer and pastoralist. Born Galway, Ireland; educated Trinity College, Dublin 1845-8, read law King’s Inns 1848; commercial activity Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and India 1852-9. Arrived Vic 1859; brewing interests with brother in Vic, NSW, Qld, SA. Pastoral interests NSW, Qld; director of several companies. Elected MLC 1864-1906; declined ministerial office; chairman of committees 1903. JP 1863. Papal Knight of St Gregory. Son-in-law of John O’Shanassy. [ A D B ]

FITZGERALD, Robert David [sometimes erroneously Robert Desmond] (1830-1892). Surveyor, naturalist and botanical artist. Born Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. Studied civil engineering Queen’s College, Cork. Arrived Sydney 1856. Draftsman, then surveyor, Department of Lands, 1856-73; Deputy Surveyor-General, 1873-87. Member Public Service Commission, NSW, 1888-92. Keen naturalist, specialising in orchids. Collected: NSW, Lord Howe Island 1869, 1871, 1876; SA, WA 1881. FLS 1874, Member Royal Society of NSW 1876. [A D B , Messmer (1932)]. Dacrydium fitzgeraldi, Dendrobium fitzgeraldii, Dracophyllum fitzgeraldii, Eugenia fitzgeraldi, Hibiscus fitzgeraldi, Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii.

FITZGERALD, William Vincent (1867-1929). Explorer and botanist. Born Mananga goldfields Tas. Studied mining Dunedin School of Mines, New Zealand 1883. Worked with Indian Forest Service; member of William McGregor’s staff 1895 reporting upon geology and vegetation of several Papuan river valleys. Mineral exploration in WA by 1898; Member WA Royal Commission on Forests 1903, Chairman of State Forests Advisory Board WA 1904; Kimberley Trigonometric survey (WA) 1905, published flora of Kimberley region; living in Sydney by 1908. Private, sometimes acting sergeant, Australian Army in France 1916-8. Died on expedition to Bismarck Range, New Guinea, as mining engineer for gold exploration company 1928-9. FRHS by 1894, reported FLS cannot be confirmed. [ Sydney morning herald , 14 August 1929, p. 16; various issues Australian newspapers; WW1 records, National Archives of Australia NAA: B2455, Fitzgerald W V] Gaimardia fitzgeraldii.

FITZGIBBON, Edmund Gerald (1825-1905). Civic administrator. Born, Cork, Ireland. Claimed autodidact; clerk in London. To Vic 1852, initially to goldfields, then Melbourne City Council: clerical assistant 1854, Town Clerk 1856-91. Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works: proponent from mid-1860s in efforts to co-ordinate water supply and sewage system for Melbourne and suburbs; initial Chairman 1891-1905. Admitted to Victorian Bar 1860 after part-time study. Member Philosophical Institute of Victoria and successor Royal Society of Victoria 1857-c.1869. CMG 1892. [ A D B ; various issues Vic newspapers and journals]

FITZPATRICK, James John Carthage (1865-1901). Stockbroker. Born Daylesford, Vic. Matriculated Sydney 1885 when Assistant Secretary Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Returned to Ballarat and involved in mining companies by 1887; stockbroker. [Various issues Australian newspapers; Vic death certificate 4444/1901; Vic birth certificate 21571/1865]

FITZPATRICK, Michael (1816-1881). Public servant, land agent and politician. Born Parramatta, NSW. Lands Office: clerk 1837, first-class clerk by 1844, Under-Secretary Department of Lands and Works 1856-69 (remaining with Lands after department divided 1858). MLA 1869-81; Colonial Secretary 1877-8. Foundation member Linnean Society of NSW 1877. [ ADB ]

FITZPATRICK, Patrick (1821-1887). Farmer. Born Cavan, Ireland, said to have trained and worked as gardener on several estates. Arrived Vic 1860; farmed several localities near Seymour, finally at Kobyboyn, but insolvent after mortgagee’s foreclosure 1884. [ Kilmore fre e press , 14 July 1887, p. 2; various issues Vic newspapers; Vic immigration records, Vic death certificate 11922/1887]

FLETCHER, George Avery (c.1823-1876). Surveyor, town clerk. Baptised Stockport, Cheshire, England. Arrived Melbourne 1853, described as surveyor. Private practice, especially conducting municipal valuations. First valuation of Sandhurst (now Bendigo) municipality, 1855. Town clerk Sandhurst, 1856-76, simultaneously surveyor for some years. Laid out park, cemeteries and botanic gardens, initiated street tree planting. [ Bendigo advertiser , 12 April 1876, p. 3; various issues Vic newspapers; Vic shipping records]

FLETCHER, Joseph James (1850-1926). Naturalist. Born Auckland, New Zealand. To Qld 1860, then to Sydney with family. Sydney University: BA 1870, MA 1876. Taught Wesley College, Melbourne c.1870-76. To London 1876-81, studying with Thomas Henry Huxley, London BSc. Returned to Australia, taught at Newington College, Sydney 1881-85. Director and Librarian Linnean Society of NSW 1886-1919 (title changed to Secretary 1893); president 1920-1. Worked on invertebrates, amphibia and plants. [ Spencer (1927)] Isopogon fletcheri.

FLETCHER, Robert (fl. 1861-1868) Gamekeeper to the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria c.1863-4. Appointed ‘trapper’ to the Society 1861. Later self-advertised as ‘Agent’. Not otherwise identified [Argus, 21 December 1861, p. 4; Bell’s life in Victoria and sporting chronicle, 22 August 1863; Argus, 28 October 1868, p. 3]

FLIERL, Johannes (1858-1947). Lutheran missionary. Born Buchhof, Barvaria, Germany. Trained Lutheran missionary seminary Neuendettelsau, consecrated 1878. At Bethesda Mission, Cooper’s Creek SA 1878-85; Simbang mission, Finschafen, German New Guinea 1886-1930. Retired: Tanunda SA 1930-4; Neuendettelsau, Bavaria, from 1934. [ ADB ]

FLINDERS, Matthew, 1774-1814, navigator, hydrographer, scientist. Led expeditions to Australia in 1795 and ‘98. Circumnavigated VDL, 1789-9. Led an expedition in Investigator, 1801-3 to chart the unknown parts of the Australian coastline [ADB].

FLINT, Ebenezer Ernest Samuel (1853-1887). [usual usage and signature on published official letters have given name(s) Ernest, Ernest E, or Ernest E. S.] Telegraph line inspector. Born Richmond, Vic. Appointed Overland Telegraph station operator, serving at stations including Powell’s Creek, Charlotte Waters, Darwin, finally station master Alice Springs and line inspector. JP by 1882. [ North A u stralian (Darwin), 23 July 1887, p. 3; South Aust r alian register , 25 July 1887, p. 2; various issues Australian newspapers; Vic birth (285/1853) and marriage (1236/1887) certificates have given names as Ebenezer Ernest Samuel]

FLOOD, Mr J. Overseer on the North Australian Exploring Expedition, 1855-6. Also acted as M’s collector and assistant [Desmond, George (2009)]. Stylidium floodii.

FOELSCHE, Paul Heinrich Matthias (1831-1914). Police inspector, magistrate, botanical collector and photographer. Born Hamburg, Germany. Arrived Adelaide c.1854, briefly to Vic goldfields; SA mounted police Strathalbyn 1856, transferred to Darwin 1859, retired as Inspector 1904. [ Advertiser (Adelaide), 2 February 1914, p. 15; George (2009)] Eucalyptus foelscheana , Dendrobium foelschei

FOOKS, Charles Shorland (1851-1882). Pastoral manager. Born Thorncombe, Dorset, England. In England census 1861 but not 1871. On electoral roll, Police District of Normanton 1877, residence Normanton. At time of drowning employed as station manager/overseer for James Johnston at ‘Donor’s Hills’ station, near junction of Cloncurry and Flinders Rivers Qld. No further details found. [Thorncombe Parish register, baptisms; Inquest (as Fookes) Queensland State Archives, Item ID ITM2725815; Queens l and times, Ipswich herald and gener a l advertiser , 22 April 1882, p. 3]

FOOTE, Richard Vicars (1851-1929). Bank manager. Born Brunswick, Vic. Staff member Bank of Australasia by 1870, serving in various localities in Vic and Tas, retired as Branch manager to grow citrus 1922. Active in civic, sporting and military affairs, including Major in the Victorian Militia 1886 and active in returned soldiers’ associations; founding President Portland branch Australian Natives Association 1886. [Various Vic and Tas newspapers]

FORBES, Archibald (1838-1900). Journalist. Born Moray, Scotland; studied, without graduating, King’s College, Aberdeen 1853-5. Served Royal Dragoons 1859-64. Journalist, London, especially war correspondent: Franco-Prussian war, Serbo-Turkish war, Russo-Turkish war, British occupation of Cyprus, Anglo-Afghan war, Anglo-Zulu war 1870-9; lecture tours: Britain, Australia, New Zealand, United States 1880s-1890s. Hon LLD, Aberdeen 1883. [ ODNB ]

FORBES, Francis Blackwell (1839-1908). Merchant, botanist. Born Manhattan, New York, USA. To China as attaché to USA Plenipotentiary 1857; began commercial career Canton 1858-9, afterwards Shanghai 1859-75, 1877-82, Swedish and Norwegian Consul-General Shanghai. Began study of plants 1869, friend of Henry Fletcher Hance. In Europe 1875-8; in business in England 1877-82, regularly visiting Kew and the British Museum; collaborated with William Botting Hemsley. To Paris 1886, then Boston c.1904. FLS 1875; Knight Commander of Swedish Royal order of Wasa [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 121st session (1908-9), pp. 38-9; Journal of botany, British and foreign , vol. 48, pp. 19-22]

FORBES, Henry Ogg (1851-1932). Explorer, biological collector, museum director. Born Drumblade, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; began to study medicine at Aberdeen, then Edinburgh, but abandoned course after loss of an eye. Explorer and collector: Portugal 1875-7; East Indies 1878-83; New Guinea 1885-6, 1887; leader British and Liverpool museums expedition Socotra and Abd al Kuri 1898-9; Peru 1911. When exploration funds exhausted employed by John Douglas in British New Guinea 1887-8, final New Guinea expedition 1888 a purely geographical government survey. Multiple sponsorship of New Guinea exploration by British organizations and Royal Geographical Society of Australasia produced acrimonious disputes over funds, responsibilities and allocation of specimens. Museums: Curator Canterbury New Zealand 1888-92, but had festering grievance that he had been appointed under false pretences, some public sympathy and controversy when dismissed; Liverpool, UK Director 1894-1911, consulting director 1911-32. Published especially on primates and birds. FRGS, Gill memorial 1893; FZSL; Honorary LLD Aberdeen 1894. [ ADB , Nature , 1 Apri1 1933, pp. 460-1; Press (Christchurch New Zealand), 5 October 1891, p. 2; various issues Australian, British and New Zealand newspapers] Agapetes forbesii, Helicia forbesiana , Pterygota forbesii , Sloanea forbesii

FORBES, James (1793-1861). Gardener and botanist. Born Bridgend, Perthshire, Scotland. Served as gardener for a number of Scottish and Irish properties: Botanic Garden, Dublin; finally as head gardener for 37 years to Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, England. Responsible for descriptive catalogues of Woburn Abbey plants with revised nomenclature and descriptions (e.g. J. Forbes (1839)). Associate Linnean Society of London 1832. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , 1861-2, pp. civ-cv, which despite giving age as 68 as in other death notices has year of birth as 1773; IPNI]

FORCHHAMMER, Johan Georg (1794-1865). Danish geologist and chemist. Born Husum, Schleswig-Holstein; apprentice pharmacist Einhorn Apotheke, Husum 1810-15; University of Kiel, chemistry and pharmacy student 1815-8; PhD 1820. University of Copenhagen: lecturer chemistry and mineralogy 1823; extraordinary professor 1831, professor 1850. Director Polytechnic Institute 1851. Royal Danish Academy of Sciences: member 1824 (silver medal 1824), secretary 1851-65. [ Dansk biografisk lexikon ].

FORD, Henry Bayles (c.1818-1893). Lighthouse keeper. Arrived Vic 1839 as ship’s captain China, employed in coastal trade. Joined civil service 1845, lighthouse keeper at Cape Otway 1850-78; secretary, Metropolitan Meat Market Limited, 1881-93. [Blue Books; Port Melbourne ad vertiser , 8 September 1893, p. 2; Preston leader , 6 November 1915, p. 3; various Victorian newspapers]

FORD, William (c.1826-1876). Chemist and druggist. Born Astbury, Cheshire, England; in Melbourne from 1847, assistant pharmacist 1847-50, own business in Swanston Street from c.1850. Member St Kilda City Council 1862-9, Mayor 1866. JP 1869. [ Herald (Melbourne), 24 May 1876, p. 3; various issues Vic newspapers]

FORDE, Helena (1832-1910) See SCOTT, Helena.

FORMAN, Sands William (1849-1901). Journalist, flour miller, politician. Born Vandallia, Illinois, USA. To California in 1850s. Worked on newspapers in California and Nevada; active in Democratic Party affairs. California State Board of Forestry: commissioner 1883, secretary by 1886; San Francisco Board of Supervisors: deputy clerk c.1875-82; elected member 1892-c.1894 as a non-partisan candidate. [ San Franc i sco call , 15 December 1901, p. 46; various issues California newspapers]

FORNANDER, Abraham (1812-1887). Whaler, journalist, judge. Born Örland, Sweden. Based in Hawaii from 1838, whaling to 1842; coffee plantation manager c.1842-51; newspaper editor 1852-64. Inspector of Schools 1865-70. Judge: Maui Circuit 1864, 1871-86; Supreme Court of Hawaiian Islands 1886. Ethnographic collector and author. Knight Commander Royal Order of Kamehameha I, Knight Companion of Royal Order of Kalakaua; Order of North Star. [ Pacific commercial advertiser , 2 November 1887, p. [2]].

FORREST, Alexander (1849-1901). Explorer, politician, investor. Born Picton, WA. Licensed surveyor from 1871. Exploration: Accompanied his brother John Forrest on exploration along Great Australian Bight 1870; Hampton Plains 1871; with brother on transcontinental expedition 1874; Kimberley district, Margaret and Ord rivers, King Leopold Ranges 1879. Land agent specializing in the Kimberley from c.1880. Appointed MLC 1887-9, elected MLA 1890-1901; Mayor of Perth 1892-5, 1897-1900; invested especially in gold mines, sheep stations, newspapers. Anti-Federationist. CMG 1901. [ ADB ]

FORREST, John (1847-1918). Surveyor, explorer, politician. Born near Bunbury, WA. Assistant surveyor, Bunbury 1863, completed training 1865, then Surveyor General’s Office to 1890, Deputy Surveyor General 1876, Surveyor General 1883. Exploration: Leichhardt search 1869; survey parties, including brother Alexander Forrest, along Great Australian Bight 1870 and Geraldton to Overland Telegraph Line 1874; survey of Kimberley district, 1883. Nominated MLC 1883, elected MLA and premier and treasurer 1890-1901, also Colonial Secretary 1894-8. Federalist. Elected federal MHR 1901-18, held several cabinet posts, frequently Treasurer; briefly acting Prime Minister 1907. RGS 1872, Founders Medal 1876; FLS 1881; Order of the Crown of Italy 1876; CMG 1882, KCMG 1891, GCMG 1901; Privy Councillor 1897; nominated for elevation to Baron but died before letters patent issued 1918. [ ADB] Adenanthos forrestii, Bassia forrestiana, Darwinia forrestii, Dicladanthera forrestii, Eremophila forrestii, Goodenia forrestii, Helipterum forrestii, Isotropis forrestii, Lyperanthus forrestii, Pimelia forrestiana, Pomaderris forrestiana, Tribulus forrestii, Verticordia forrestii.

FORREST, Margaret Elvire [née Hamersley] (1844-1929). Socialite, artist. Born Le Havre, France. Married John Forrest 1876. Social and political hostess. Accomplished artist, especially flower painting. [ ADB , in ‘John Forrest’; Western mail (Perth, WA), 20 June 1929, p. 29; J. Gooding (1984)] Helipterum margarethae

FORSTER, Johann George Adam, 1754-94, writer, traveller and revolutionary. Son of J. R. FORSTER. Born near Danzig. Accompanied his father on a journey of investigation in Russia, 1765. Went with his family to England, 1766. Assistant to his father on James COOK’s second voyage of exploration, 1772-5. Professor of natural science, Kassel, 1779-84; Vilna, 1784-7; university librarian, Mainz, 1788-92. Supported the French revolutionary army when it invaded Mainz in 1792. Died in Paris. FRS, 1777; elected member of Leopoldina, 1780; Academy of Sciences (Akademie der Wissenschaften), Berlin, 1786. [ADB, Desmond, NDB, TL2]. Cordyline forsteri.

FORSTER, Johann Reinhold, 1729-98, German polymath. Born in Prussia. Pastor at Nassenhüben, near Danzig, 1753-65. Undertook a journey of scientific investigation in Russia, 1765. Went to England in 1766. Lecturer at Dissenting Academy at Warrington, Lancashire, 1766-7. Naturalist on James COOK’s second voyage of exploration, 1772-5. Professor of natural history, Halle, 1780-98. FRS, 1772 [ADB, Desmond, NDB, TL2].

FORTUNE, Robert, 1812-80, botanist. Born in Scotland. Gardener at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden and later at the Horticultural Society of London’s garden at Chiswick, London. Collected plants on five journeys to East Asia between 1843 and 1861. Introduced tea plant from China to India. Curator, Chelsea Physic Garden, London, 1846-8 [Desmond, TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

FOSTER, John Leslie Fitzgerald Vesey (1818–1900). Civil servant, landowner and author. Born Dublin, Ireland. Assumed surname Foster-Vesey-Fitzgerald 1860. Entered Trinity College, Dublin c.1837, BA 1839. To Port Phillip district 1841, pastoral partner with cousin William Stawell 1844. NSW MLC representing Port Phillip District 1846-8, 1849-50. Returned to Ireland 1850. Colonial Secretary Vic 1853, resigned 1854, Administrator of colony between governorships of Charles LaTrobe and Charles Hotham 1854. Nominated Vic MLC 1853-6; elected MLA 1856-7; treasurer in John O’Shanassy seven-week ministry 1857. To England 1857. [ ADB ] Fitzgeraldi

FOSTER, Michael (1836-1907) Physiologist and politician. Born Huntingdon, England. University College London: BA 1854, MB 1858, MD 1859, Instructor physiology and histology 1867, assistant professor 1869. Clinical study, Paris; ship’s surgeon 1860, practised Huntingdon to 1866. Cambridge: Trinity College praelectorship physiology from 1870, University professor of Physiology 1883-1903. MP for University of London 1900-6. FRS 1872, Secretary 1881-1903, Vice President 1903-4. Knighted 1889. [ ODNB ; Royal Society Past Fellows (accessed 18 October 2023)

FOURNIER, Eugène Pierre Nicolas (1834 – 1884). Botanist. Born Paris; graduated medicine 1831. Société botanique de France: member 1855, secretary and editor Revue bibliographique 1861-84. [ Bulletin de la Société botanique de France , vol. 31 (1884), pp. 280-1]

FOWLER, James, 1829-1923, Canadian naturalist. Educated at Halifax. Presbyterian minister 1857-76. Lecturer in natural history, Queen’s University, later professor, 1880-1907 [Website: biology.queens.ca/~fowler/history.htm (April 2004)].

FOX, Alexander (1837-1876). Medical practitioner. Born Falmouth, Cornwall, England. In Vic at Ballarat 1859-64, including managing pharmacy and private study of medicine; returned to England 1864, studied medicine [London hospital?] LSA 1867, MRCS, 1867, MRCP 1869. Clinical assistant, London Hospital 1867; ship’s surgeon to NZ 1869, registered New Zealand 1869, surgeon to Thames Hospital Shortland. [ Wright-St. Clair (2013), p. 143; AMPI ; Biographical index of Quakers in Australia before 1862 , p. 85]

Fraas, Oscar Friedrich von (1824-1897). Clergyman, palaeontologist, anthropologist, museum curator. Born Lorch, Württemberg, Germany. Studied at Tübingen, Paris and Würzburg, doctorate 1851. Pastor 1848, collected and sold fossils as parish charity. Royal Württemberg Museum, Stuttgart: assistant department of mineralogy and palaeontology 1854, conservator and title professor 1856, Director natural history collection 1891. Personal nobility 1893. Kaiserlichen Leopoldino-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie Der Naturforscher: elected 1873, Board member section for anthropology, ethnology and geography from 1876. [ Deutsche Biographie ; Leopoldina , vol. 34 (1898), pp. 13-18]

FRANCIS, George William (1800-1865). Botanist, author, gardens director. Born East London, England. Apprenticed to the firm of Loddiges. Listed as school master Whitechapel: 1838 marriage certificate, 1841 England census. Author of botanical, elementary chemical and electrical textbooks, (see list here ), editor Magazine of Science and School of Arts 1841-5. To SA in 1849, leased old Adelaide Botanic Garden. Director and Secretary of the new Adelaide Botanic Garden, 1855-65. [ ODNB , South Australian advertiser , 10 August 1865, p. 2] Hakea francisiana, Pachysurus francisii.

FRANCIS, James Goodall (1819-84). Politician. Born London, England. To Hobart 1835, became partner in merchant firm. Opened Melbourne branch 1853; became prominent in business community, with many directorships; established vineyard Sunbury 1863. MLA 1859-74, 1878-84. Protectionist, introduced customs tariff as Commissioner of Trade and Customs, 1863-8; Treasurer, 1870-2; Chief Secretary, 1872-4 [ ADB ].

FRANCIS, Rawson Parke (1855 -1940). Wholesale druggist. Born St James, London, England. Arrived Melbourne 1880; worked in wholesale pharmaceutical companies, retiring as senior partner Duerdin and Sainsbury. Active in professional bodies, elected member of Pharmacy Board of Victoria by 1900. [Victoria Government gazette; various issues Victorian newspapers; Vic death certificate 18992/1940]

FRANKLIN, John, 1786-1847, British naval officer and colonial administrator. Served as a midshipman under Matthew Finders during his circumnavigation of Australia, 1801-4. Led exploring expeditions in the Canadian Arctic in search of the Northwest Passage. FRS 1822. KH 1833. Lieutenant-Governor of VDL, 1837-43. Perished with his entire ship’s crew during a further Arctic exploring expedition [ADB].

FRANQUEVILLE, Albert, Comte de, 1814-91, French botanist. Mayor of Bizanos, south-west France, 1871-91 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

FRASER [sometimes FRAZER], Charles (1788?-1831). Soldier, botanist. Born in Blair-Atholl, Scotland. Trained and worked as gardener in Scotland. Enlisted 1815-21, arrived Sydney with 56th Regiment 1816; appointed first Superintendent of the Sydney Botanic Garden, 1816; Colonial Botanist 1821. Collected extensively: NSW, including as collector with Oxley expeditions 1817, 1818, 1889, and Alan Cunningham 1828; also in New Zealand, Tas and Norfolk Island, and in WA during visit with James Stirling to Swan River 1827. [ ADB ; Australian (Sydney), 30 December 1831, p. 3; George (2009)].

FRASER, Alexander (1802-1888). Auctioneer, politician. Born Aldourie, Scotland. Worked in London 1827-31, arrived Tas 1831, coachmaker. Invested in land near Sunbury Vic; to Bendigo 1852, Melbourne 1853-88 in auctioneer and mercantile agent partnerships. Elected to first St Kilda Municipal council 1857, chairman 1859, Mayor 1864-5; MLC 1858-81, Minister of Public Works 1872-4. Active in Wesleyan affairs, supported foundation of Wesley College. JP 1853. [ ADB ]

FRASER, Lachlan (c.1841-1934). Bank officer. Born Glasgow, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1854. Joined Bendigo branch Bank of Victoria c.1864. Branch manager in several towns, retiring as manager, North Melbourne, 1921. [ Rutherglen sun and Chiltern Valley advertiser , 27 April 1934, p. 3; Vic passenger records]

FRASER, Malcolm (1834-1900). Civil engineer, administrator, naturalist. Born Gloucestershire, England. Surveyor in NZ, 1857-69, established reputation as a naturalist. Surveyor-general, WA, 1870. MLC and commissioner of Crown Lands, 1872-82; Colonial Secretary, 1883-90. Retired to London 1890. WA Agent-General, London 1892-8. CMG, 1881, KCMG, 1887. [ ADB ; various issues WA newspapers] Eremophila fraseri.

FRASER , William Alexander (1836-1914). Master mariner. Born Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada. First captain of Dayspring mission vessel, built New Glasgow, Nova Scotia; sailed to Australia 1863. Based in Melbourne, some time in New Zealand, providing transport for Dayspring Presbyterian mission in New Hebrides (now Vanuatu). To England 1872. Sailed Atlantic routes, family resident near Liverpool in 1881 England census and present there 1891 census, listed as retired in 1901 and 1911 census returns. [Various issues Australian, New Zealand and British newspapers; Inglis (1887), p. 166]

FRASER, William Groundwater (1834-1904). Pastor. Born Blairgowrie, Perthshire, Scotland. United Presbyterian Church pastor: Little Sutton Lancashire 1861-72; Essendon Vic 1873-87; Mildura Vic 1889-90; followed by positions in NSW at Woonona, Mosman and Young. Involved in doctrinal and other controversies in mid-1880s. [ Daily telegraph (Sydney), 11 June 1904, p. 15; various issues English and Australian newspapers; Scotland census 1841, 1851; England census 1861, 1871]

FRAYNE, Mary Ursula [born Clara] (1816-1885). Roman Catholic Sister of Mercy. Born Dublin, Ireland. Took habit 1835, professed 1837 taking religious name Mary Ursula. Superior Booterstown Ireland c.1840, Baggot Street 1841, briefly Newfoundland from 1842. Recruited to lead foundation Australian house in Perth, WA, 1845; founded schools, supported Aboriginal communities; at loggerheads with Bishop and hierarchy, threatened with excommunication. Invited to Melbourne by Archbishop Gould 1856, left for Vic 1857, superioress of community in Fitzroy, founded what became the Academy of Mary Immaculate, and later other schools, home for ‘girls of good character’; administered girls’ and boys’ orphanages. Sometimes referred to as Mother Ursula. [ Mercy Foundresses ; Australasian (Melbourne), 13 June 1885, p. 27.

FREDERIK VII, King of Denmark, 1808-63. Reigned 1848-63 [EB]. An honorary member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria [Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria (1860)].

FREELING, Arthur Henry (1820-1885). Civil engineer, surveyor. Born in London. Enlisted Royal Engineers 1837, to Canada 1839-43. To Adelaide as Surveyor General and Colonial Engineer 1849, resigned 1861 and returned to England. Led an exploring expedition to Lake Torrens in 1857. Nominated MLC 1855-6, elected MLC 1857-9. Succeeded as 5th Baronet 1871. [ ADB ; Adelaide observer . 4 April 1885, p. 34]. Eremophila freelingii.

FREIBOTH, Georg Christoph (1858-1922). Carpenter, missionary. Born Mühlhausen, Thüringia, Germany. Member of Hermannsburg (Germany) community. Arrived Adelaide 1882, Lutheran lay-missionary Hermannsburg mission Finke River to 1894. Farmed at Petersburg SA 1894-c.1898. Mari Yamba mission Qld 1898-1902; displaced by Government policy on missions. [Griffith University German missionaries in Australia ; SA naturalization documents (National Archives of Australia NAA: A711, 1424)]

FRENCH, Charles Askew [Charles FRENCH Snr] (1840-1933). Naturalist, civil servant. Born Lewisham, Kent, England. To Vic 1852. Apprenticed to Hawthorn nurseryman 1856-62, manager of nursery South Yarra 1862-4. Assistant at the Melbourne Botanic Garden 1864-1884; Government Botanist’s department mainly at Herbarium 1884-9. Department of Agriculture, first government entomologist, 1889-1911. Founding member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1880, vice-president 1887-8. Special interest in orchids and coleoptera. FLS 1885; FRHS; Isis Society, Dresden. Husband of Janet French, father of Charles Hamilton French and George French, Cousin of W. S. Sayer. [ Argus (Melbourne), 23 May 1933, p. 6; Leader (Melbourne), 22 February 1890, p. 38; Herald (Melbourne),13 July 1911, p. 5; E. Pescott (1933)] Helipterum frenchii

FRENCH, Charles Hamilton [Charles FRENCH Jnr] (1868-1950). Naturalist, civil servant. Born South Yarra, Vic. Began work as clerk; assistant at Melbourne Herbarium, 1883-95. Agriculture Department 1895-1933: Assistant Government Entomologist 1895; Acting Government Entomologist 1911, Government Entomologist later Biologist, 1913-33. Taught entomology University of Melbourne, Burnley school of Horticulture. Special interest in orchids. Member Field Naturalists’ Club 1883, Honorary Member 1937. Son of Charles FRENCH snr, q. v. for other family relationships. [ Weekly times , 15 February 1913, p. 8; E. Pescott (1950)]

FRENCH, George Luehmann (1872-1929). Florist, nurseryman and seedsman. Born South Yarra, Vic. Engaged by Mueller as servant c.1886-96; short periods as temporary assistant in herbarium 1889-91. In business Bourke Street Melbourne by 1911. Son of Charles FRENCH snr, q. v. for other family relationships. [ Herald (Melbourne) 23 January 1929, p. 7; various issues Vic newspapers; Will, Vic Probate documents] Prasophyllum frenchii

FRENCH, James (1860-1940). Local government administrator. Born Melbourne, moved to Sale Vic as infant; established business Briagolong. Maffra Shire: assistant secretary 1888, Secretary 1891-1932; Secretary Maffra Waterworks Trust 1913-39. Active in creating nature reserve, development of sugar beet industry, civic affairs. [ Gippsland times , 9 February 1939, p. 5; Gippsland times , 10 October 1940, p. 1; Vic birth certificate 742/1860]

FRENCH, Janet [née Callandar] (1846-1890). Born Falkirk, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1852; married 1867 Charles French snr, q. v. for other family relationships. [1851 Scotland census, Vic passenger lists; Vic Marriage certificate 1969/1867; Vic death certificate 13872/1890]

FRERE, George Edward, 1807-1887, English civil engineer, FRS.

FRIEDRICH AUGUSTUS II, King of Saxony. Reigned 1836-54 [EB].

FRIEDRICH FRANZ II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1823-1883). Born Ludwigslust, Germany. Reigned 1842-83. Succeeded by FRIEDRICH FRANZ II [ Deutsche Biographie ]

FRIEDRICH FRANZ III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1851-1897). Born Ludwigslust, Germany. Reigned 1883-97, succeeding his father FRIEDRICH FRANZ II. Asthmatic, lived in Cannes, France. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

FRIEDRICH I [Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von BADEN], Grand-Duke of Baden (1828-1907). Born Karlsruhe. Regent for elder brother Ludwig 1852, reigned from 1858; son-in-law of Wilhelm I of Prussia; advocate of German unification. Interested in arts and science, supporter of universities. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

FRIES, Elias Magnus (1794-1878). Botanist, mycologist. Born Femsjö, Sweden. Lund University: student 1811-4; taught botany from 1814 (docent), finally professor 1824. Uppsala University: Borgström professor 1834-59, Rector 1839, 1853-4. Wrote floras of Scandinavia; reformed systematics of fungi and of lichens. Father of Theodor Magnus Fries. Member Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Foreign Member Linnean Society of London 1835, Foreign Member Royal Society of London 1875, many other foreign academies. [ Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ; Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , Vol. 28 (1878-9), pp. vii-x].

Fries, Theodor [‘Thore’] Magnus (1832-1913). Botanist, lichenologist, explorer. Born Femsjö, Sweden, son of Elias Magnus Fries. University of Uppsala: student 1851, doctorate 1857; docent in botany 1857, assistant professor 1862, professor 1877-99, Rector 1893-9. Member Nordenskiöld’s polar expedition 1868, 1871. Leading lichen systematist. Published editions of Linnaeus’s manuscripts; biography of Linnaeus 1903. Member Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1865, Foreign member Linnean Society of London, 1888. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , session 1912-13, pp. 55-8; Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ]

FRITSCH, Gustav Theodor (1838–1927). Anatomist, anthropologist. Born Cottbus, Saxony. Studied medicine at Berlin, Breslau and Heidelberg. Professor of Physiology at University of Berlin 1874. Worked on location of motor centres of the cerebral cortex. Later focus on anthropology, undertook expeditions around world 1904-5 as basis for comparative anthropological studies, using photographs including images of retina. [ Deutsche Biographie ; Nature , 5 March 1838, pp. 403-4]

FROGGATT, Walter Wilson (1858-1937). Autodidact entomologist. Born Melbourne. Rural worker Vic; to goldfields NSW and droving in Qld; collected with W. S. Sayer at Mossman River 1886, plants to Mueller and insects to C. A. French. Appointed zoological collector, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (NSW branch) New Guinea expedition 1885. Collector for William Macleay: Qld 1886, Kimberley region WA 1887-8. Technological Museum Sydney, geological collector 1892-6. Entomologist NSW Department of Mines and Agriculture 1896-1923; entomologist to Forest commission 1923-7. Member Australian National Research Council, 1921-3. Populariser of science; founder: Naturalists’ Society of NSW 1911, (long-term president), Australian Wattle League, Gould League of Bird Lovers of NSW, Wildlife Preservation Society of Australia. Linnean Society of NSW 1886, council member 1889-1937, president 1911-13. Council member (Royal) Zoological Society of NSW from 1910, elected Fellow 1931. [ ADB , Sydney morning herald , 19 March 1837, p. 7] Mitrephora froggattii

FROST, Frederick Robert Charles (1853-1941). Civil servant. Born Southampton, England. SA Civil service: railways department 1867-74; Survey: clerk 1873, Chief Clerk 1882; Lands: chief clerk 1902, Registrar 1920-4. [England 1861 census; Register (Adelaide) 28 June 1924, p. 10; various issues SA newspapers]

FUCHS, Carl (1851-1937). Railway worker. Bankrupt 1903 described as civil servant; when further considered in 1907 described as having been in employ of Railways Department of WA, retired 1900, lost money in post-retirement ‘undertakings in connection with agricultural pursuits’. Secretary, 1890s, of Western Australian Horticultural Society. No further details found. [Various issues WA newspapers]

FULLAGAR, James Page (1845-1898). School teacher, botanical collector. Born Islington, London, England; arrived Geelong 1853. Described on death certificate as school master and botanical collector, may have taught in school at Little River, Vic founded by father 1856 where sibling known to have worked until 1871. Described by George (2009) as ‘Professional plant collector for Melbourne Botanic Garden’; over 11,000 Fullagar specimens at MEL but only direct evidence that M purchased herbarium specimens is £10 in accounts for 1873-4 for ‘Plants from Lord Howe’s Island, from J. P. Fullagar, for Museum’ (765 specimens listed in AVH); Mueller arranged for Kew Gardens to purchase another set. Died in Yarra Bend Asylum. [England and Wales birth index, Islington, Vol 3, p. 261; Vic death cert 1512/1898; Public Record Office Victoria, Inquest deposition files VPRS 24/P0000, 1898/117 ] Acicalyptus fullageri, Lomaria fullageri

FÜRNROHR, August Emmanuel (1804–1861). Pharmacist, botanist. Born Regensburg, Germany. Studied pharmacy at Regensburg, Munich, Zweibrücken, Erlangen, practised until 1833. Honorary doctorate Erlangan 1833. Taught natural history Regensburg Agricultural and trade school 1833, additionally at Regensburg Lyceum: Lecturer 1834, professor 1839. Flora: co-editor 1830-42, editor 1842-61. Director of the Royal Botanical Society of Regensburg (Regia Societas Botanica Ratisbonensis) 1846-61. Member Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Naturae Curiosorum) (Leopoldina) 1835. Father of Heinrich K A Fürnrohr [ Flora vol. 44 (1861), pp. 289-97; Deutsche Biographie ; Leopoldina , vol. 2 (1862), p. 120]

FÜRNROHR, Heinrich Karl August (1843–1918). Physician, botanist. Born Regensburg, Germany. Studied medicine at Erlangen, Vienna and Prague. Practice in Regensburg from 1868. Royal Botanical Society of Regensburg (Regia Societas Botanica Ratisbonensis): member 1868, sometime secretary, chairman 1900–16, honorary chairman 1916-8. Led on acquisition of endangered localities to conserve habitats. Son of August Emmanuel Fürnrohr [Große Bayerische Biographische Enzyklopädie, vol. 1, p. 591; Denkschriften derBayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg vol. 14 (1920), p. V.]

G

GABRIEL, Joseph, c.1847-1922, pharmacist. Active in Field Naturalists’ Club of Vic., 1883-1922 [Vic. Naturalist, vol. 39, 1922, pp. 101-2].

GADD, Samuel George (1842-1917). Gardener. Born Ubley, Somerset, England. Worked with Suttons seedsmen, London, England, then at Crystal Palace, London. Arrived Melbourne 1870, described as labourer. Established business as florist and landscape gardener, Bendigo by 1872, Curator of Reserves including Bendigo Botanical Gardens c.1873-1903, developed as Rosalind Park where Gadd resided from 1876. [ Bendigo advertiser , 8 September 1917, p. 7; various issues Bendigo newspapers; Vic passenger lists; Ubley baptism register 1813-1914, p. 42]

GAGLIARDI, Pasquale Ferdinando (1843-1898). Lawyer, journalist, librarian. Born Pisa, Italy. Studied at University of Pisa, Dr. Jurisprudence, 1867; admitted to Bar, Supreme Courts of Italy, 1874. To New Zealand in successful search of a brother 1876; in Melbourne 1877. Wrote reports on Australian colonies for Gazzetta d’Italia (Florence). Secretary, Italian commissioners 1880 Melbourne Exhibition. Public Library of Victoria: Principal Assistant 1883, First Principal Assistant 1889-1898. Active in Italian organizations including Vice president Melbourne Società Dante. Sericulturalist. [ Geelong advertiser , 19 August 1898, p. 4; Table talk (Melbourne), 13 March 1896, pp. 2-3; various issues Vic newspapers; Vic Blue books]

GAIRDNER, Gordon (c.1803-1877). Civil servant. Born Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America; to England as a child. Joined Colonial office 1824, dealing with NSW affairs 1825, senior clerk head of Australian and Eastern departments 1837, chief clerk 1860-70. Secretary and Registrar, Order of St Michael and St George from 1869. CMG, 1874. [ ADB ]

GALBRAITH, Alexander (1825-1877). Pastoralist, agent. Born Kilmarnock(?), Scotland. In Australia by c.1842. Managed properties in NSW, Qld; entered partnership with Gordon Sandeman while managing ‘Burrandowan’, Burnett district Qld 1857, dissolved 1861. Bankrupt NSW 1861. May have become a commission agent in Sydney. [Various issues Australian newspapers]

GALT, Alexander Foster, 1816-83, public servant. Joined the Vic. civil service in 1853. Chief Clerk of Public Works from 1870; Secretary, 1871-8 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

GALTON, Francis, 1822-1911, gentleman scientist. Explorer in Africa, 1850-2. FRS, 1860. Made important contributions to statistics, experimental psychology and the theory of heredity [DSB].

GARLAND, James Robert (1840-1915). Solicitor, botanist. Born Sydney, NSW. Foundation student University of Sydney 1857, BA 1859, MA 1862. Articled clerk 1862, admitted solicitor 1865, practice in Wagga 1870-90 (as solicitor for William Macleay had oversight of business interests of his Wagga property), then in Sydney. Botanized especially near Wagga. Linnean Society, New South Wales: member 1880; treasurer, 1902-8. [ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , vol. 40(1), (1915), pp. x-xii)]

GARLICK, John (1842-1896). Anglican clergyman. Born Adelaide, SA. Brought up in Tas; to Vic 1856, taught at Kyneton Grammar School. Reader Kyneton parochial district 1866; Moore Theological College, Liverpool NSW 1868; ordained Melbourne: deacon 1869, priest 1870. Served at Bacchus Marsh 1869-72, Echuca 1872-83, Sandhurst (now Bendigo) 1883-96. Frequent lecturer for local associations; member administrative council Bendigo School of Mines 1888-96, and of many other civic bodies. [http://anglicanhistory.org/aus/cci/index.pdf ; Bendigo advertiser , 9 October 1896, p 2; various issues Vic newspapers]

GÄRTNER [GAERTNER], Joseph, 1732-91, German physician and botanist. Private tutor at Calw, Baden [TL2].

GATES, [?] (fl.1890.) Not further identified.

GAUNSON, David (1846-1909). Lawyer, politician. Born Sydney, NSW. To Vic with widowed mother and family c.1856. Articled to brother-in-law James McPherson Grant, 1862; admitted attorney 1869. Elected MLA, 1875-81, 1883-9 (briefly Commissioner of Crown Lands and Survey 9 July – 2 August 1881); 1904-06 (in special constituency for public servants, created in 1904, abolished along with that for railway workers in 1906). Controversial in both law and politics. [ ADB , various issues Vic newspapers]

GEBENDINGER, Johann [John] (c.1819-?). Tinsmith. Born Switzerland. Arrived Melbourne 1852 (listed as ‘John’). In business as Melbourne tinsmith c.1854-64; (non-resident?) partner in Ballarat tinsmiths c.1856-7; patented flat-iron heater 1857. Naturalized 1855 as ‘John’. Departed Vic 1864. [Vic inwards and outwards passenger lists, Vic certificates of naturalization, various issues Vic newspapers]

GEHEEB, Adelbert (1842–1909). Bryologist, pharmacist. Born Geisa, Germany. Studied pharmacy at Jena. Pharmacist in Geisa until 1892, afterwards private scholar, Freiburg im Breisgau. Published descriptions of mosses from many parts of world, including collections of Odoardo Beccari from Sumatra and New Guinea transmitted by Mueller. [ Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift vol. 15: pp. 164-167; Mitteilungen des Thüringischen Botanischen Vereins , vol. 37, pp. 1-15; Hessische Biografie ]

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Albert, 1835-?, French zoologist. Son of Isidore GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE. Director of the Acclimatisation Garden (Jardin d’acclimatation), Paris, 1865-93; President of the Acclimatisation Society (Société d’acclimatation), 1887-95 [Osborne, 1994].

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Étienne, 1772-1844, French zoologist. Curator of the zoo at the Garden of Plants (Jardin des Plantes), Paris; professor at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, 1793-1844. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1807; President, 1833 [DSB].

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Isidore, 1805-61, French zoologist. Son of Étienne GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE. Professor at the Faculté des Sciences, Paris, from 1837 and at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, from 1841. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1833; President, 1856-7. Founding president of the Acclimatisation Society (Société d’acclimatation), Paris, 1854-61 [DSB].

GERRARD, William Tyrer, ?-1860, botanical collector. Of Natal. Collected plants in Natal, Zululand and Madagascar [Desmond]

GESSLER, Theodor von (1824-1886). Legal scholar and politician. Born Ellwangen, Germany; Educated universities of Tübingen and Heidelberg. Taught at Heidelberg 1856, professor of criminal law and procedure 1857; Chancellor University of Tübingen 1864. Elected to Württemberg chamber of deputies 1862, president 1868, minister for Church and School affairs 1870-85. Knight’s Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1864, rising to Grand cross of the order 1875 [ Deutsche Biographie ]

GEYLE, William Henry (1861-1936). Municipal officer. Born Rushworth, Vic; Secretary, Waranga Shire Council 1887-1926, offices at Rushworth. [ Argus (Melbourne), 14 January 1936, p. 3; various Vic newspapers].

GHINN, Henry, see GINN, Henry.

GIBBES, Francis Blower (1815-1905). Artist. Born Gretna Green, Scotland. Spent time in Jamacia where father of the same name held a plantation until abolition of slavery; in Sydney c.1840-56, evidently managing, or heir to, property at Gresford granted to his father. To Melbourne 1856, secretary Victorian Academy of Arts c.1870-86. [ Australasian (Melbourne), 5 March 1904, p. 552; Legacies of British Slavery ; various issues of Australian newspapers]

GIBBS, John (fl. 1868). Not further identified.

GIGLIOLI, Enrico Hillyer (1845-1909). Zoologist, ethnographer. Born London, returned to Italy 1848 with family; educated Pavia, London School of Mines (published T. H. Huxley’s lectures), Pisa. Assistant on voyage of Magenta 1865-8, taking scientific charge after leader died in Hong Kong (in Melbourne 4 May - 25 May 1867); arranged collections at University of Turin. Professor of vertebrate zoology, Florence from 1869. Formed national collection of Italian vertebrate fauna, instituted benthic studies in Mediterranean. Main personal interest in fish and birds. Also published ethnographic and anthropological studies and formed an ethnographical collection. [Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]

GILBERT, Joseph Henry, 1817-1901, English agronomist. Born in Yorkshire. DrPhil, Giessen, 1840. FRS, 1860; FLS, 1875. Knighted, 1893. Professor of Rural Economy, Oxford, 1884-90 [Desmond].

GILCHRIST, Archibald (1838-1878). Inspector of Schools. Born Brighton, Sussex, England. Arrived Vic 1852; taught in schools, then attended University of Melbourne, BA 1861, MA 1863. Inspector of Schools 1862 (Common Schools Act), promoted 1866; appointed inspector of metropolitan state schools in 1873 when ‘free, compulsory and secular’ Act implemented; acting secretary Department of Public Instruction, then Inspector General of Schools both 1878. [various issues Victoria government gazette; Geelong advertiser , 24 October 1878, p. 4; Archibald (2017)]

GILES, Alfred (1846-1831). Explorer, pastoralist. Born Datchet, England; arrived SA 1849, where father took up land at Ketchowia. In John Ross party to explore overland telegraph route Adelaide to Port Darwin 1871. Crossed continent 7 times piloting overland telegraph construction parties. With brother Arthur opened up and helped stock NT properties for John Harris Browne including at Newcastle Waters. Lived at ‘Springvale’, Nicholson c.1880-c.1923. JP [ Northern standard (Darwin), 24 March 1931, p. 5; Northern Territory standard , 25 March 1930, p. 4; Giles (1926?) various issues SA and NT newspapers] Bauhinia gilesii (joint author with F. M. Bailey).

GILES, William Ernest Powell (1835-1897). Explorer. Born Bristol, England. To SA 1850, Vic goldfields 1852, then clerk Melbourne: Post Office, County Court. Searched for new pastoral country western NSW 1861-5. Led expedition organized by Mueller in central Australia, west of overland telegraph line, 1872; other exploration including crossing to Perth WA and return. Wardens Office Coolgardie minefields WA 1890s. Knight of Crown of Italy 1875; FRGS and gold medallist 1880. [ ADB ]. Acacia gilesiana, Calothamnus gilesii, Dicrastylis gilesii, Eremophila gilesii, Helichrysum gilesii, Hermannia gilesii.

GILJOHAN, Franz (1866-1957). Tailor. Born Hörste, Westphalia, Germany. Arrived Melbourne 1890. [Various Victorian newspapers; Vic unassisted passenger lists].

GILL, George Duff (1821-1883). Merchant. Born Elgin Scotland. In NSW by 1841, pastoral interests, with brother traded as merchant in Sydney, firm insolvent 1851, associated personal insolvency; to SA 1848, merchant and auctioneer; to Vic 1852, merchant and shipping agent. Married sister of Ernest Giles, helped finance Giles’s first Central Australia expedition. [ Arg u s (Melbourne), 10 December 1883, p. 7; Vic death certificate 11501/1883; G i les (1875), p. 43; various issues Australian newspapers]

GILL, Walter (1851-1929). Forester. Born Parkstone, Dorset, England. Arrived SA 1876, worked on pastoral properties. Appointed inspector of crown lands 1884; chief forester, Wirrabara 1886; conservator of forests 1890-1923. FLS 1890; FRHS 1891. [ Adelaide chro n icle , 25 July 1929, p. 31; George (2009)]

GILL, William Wyatt (1828-1896). Missionary. Born Bristol, England; educated Highbury College and New College, London BA 1850. Joined London Missionary Society 1851, ordained 1851. Arrived Australia on mission ship John Williams 1851; based Cook Islands: Mangaia 1852-72, Raratonga 1877-83; in England 1873-7. Retired to Sydney. Active in Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Honorary LLD, St Andrews University, 1889. [ A D B ].

GILLBEE, William (1825-1885). Surgeon. Born Hackney, London, England. Studied medicine Edinburgh 1844-7, 1851-2; Guys Hospital London; MRCS Edinburgh 1848. Ship’s surgeon: to Hobart 1849, to California 1850, to Geelong 1852. Registered practitioner Vic 1853-84; commenced Melbourne practice 1853, honorary surgeon Melbourne Hospital 1854-75; helped found University of Melbourne Medical School, examiner in surgery 1862. Member Royal Society of Victoria, vice-president 1864; exploration committee member 1860; Active in medical societies: president Medical Society of Victoria 1863, president Vic Branch British Medical association 1879. [ A D B ; AP N I ] Gillbeea

GILLEN, Peter Paul (1858-1896). Shopkeeper and politician. Born Adelaide, SA. To Clare 1862: employed in general store, later partner with uncle; active in civic and Roman Catholic affairs; elected town council 1887. Member SA Parliament: House of Assembly 1889-96, Commissioner of Crown lands and Immigration, 1892 (Holder ministry), 1893-6 (Kingston Ministry). [ AD B ]

GILLES, Lewis William (1796-1884). Banker, civil servant. Born London, England; Royal Navy, rising to Midshipman, 1810-14. To Tas c.1822; farmer, then banker Launceston 1832-44. To SA 1844, floated Glen Osmond Silver Mines. To Vic 1852, joined civil service: assistant colonial secretary 1852-4; police magistrate 1854, briefly Hepburn, then Warrnambool, retiring 1866, eventually to Adelaide. [ Adelaide o b server , 12 January 1884, p. 31; various issues SA and Vic newspapers; Gibbney & Smith (1987)]

GILLIES, Duncan (1834-1903). Politician. Born Yorkhill, Glasgow, Scotland. To Ballarat goldfields Vic 1852, active in miners’ causes; member mining board 1858; mine owner. Elected MLA 1861-8, 1870-93, 1897-1903. Held many ministerial responsibilities from 1868, including Lands, Works and Agriculture, culminating in Premier 1887-90; Speaker 1902-3. Agent General, London 1894-6.[ A D B , Victoria Parliament former mem b ers database]

GILMOUR [GILMORE], James, police officer. Sub-inspector of Native Police at the Bulloo Barracks in southwestern Qld. In 1871, investigated persistent stories about a white man living with the Aborigines west of Cooper’s Creek [Perrin (1991)].

GILSON, Frederick William [‘Fred’] (1856-1940). Farmer. Born Shoreditch, Middlesex, England. Settled Blumberg SA (Birdwood since 1917) c.1876, returned to UK c.1911. [ Murray pioneer and Australian river rec o rd, 15 November 1934, p. 8]

GINGINS, Baron Frederic Charles Jean De La Sarraz, 1790-1863, Swiss historian and botanist. Pupil of A. P. de Candolle [TL2].

GINN [GHINN from c.1859], Henry (1817-1892). Architect, businessman, pastoralist. Born Bexhill, Sussex, England. Worked with architect London. Arrived Sydney 1840; architect, clerk of works, Royal Engineers 1841, posted to London, returning Sydney 1842; private practice 1843-6. Clerk of works, Port Phillip district, 1846-51, colonial architect 1851-3. Secretary, Botanic Gardens committee, c.1847-53. In London in business 1853-69; general manager London and Australian Agency Corporation late 1860s, to Melbourne 1869, wound up company 1874. Acquired ‘Ballandry’ and other pastoral property Riverina district NSW by 1875. Brother-in-law of James Balmain [ A D B ; various issues Vic newspapers]

GIPPS, Frederick Bowdler, 1840-1903, engineer. Born in England. Officer in British Army; invalided after Indian uprising of 1857. Studied at University of London (BE). Went to Sydney in 1874. Engineer with NSW Water Supply Department. Went to Melbourne in 1896 [Gibbney & Smith].

GIRDLESTONE, Charles Edward Ridgeway (1839-1889). Indian civil servant. Born Deane, Lancashire, England. Educated Oxford, passed Indian Civil Service examination 1851, to Bengal 1862; various posts, finally Resident, Nepal 1872-88. [Various editions Hart’s Indian civil service lists; Alum n i oxoniensis ; various issues British newspapers]

GIRDLESTONE, Tharp Mountain (1823-1899). Surgeon, politician and sanitary reformer. Born Baconsthorpe, Norfolk, England. Indentured apprentice surgeon Norwich 1838; St Bartholomew’s Hospital London (later house surgeon), MRCS 1845, FRCS 1849. In London Post Office Directory 1851 as Surgeon, 2 John Street Bedford Row. In Vic by 1853 when married in Geelong (sources give conflicting arrival dates, but most probably as ship’s surgeon, immigrant vessel Time and Truth to Geelong January 1853). Medical Register Vic 1854; several country practices with appointments as coroner 1854-62; practice Melbourne 1862-85: member Melbourne Hospital committee 1866-70, 1879-82; Alfred Hospital Committee 1868, lecturer in surgery, University of Melbourne, 1880-; medical officer, City of Melbourne by 1868 to at least early 1876; campaigner for sanitation reform; Royal Commissioner on sanitary condition of Melbourne, 1888. Active in Medical Society of Victoria, variously President, treasurer. MLA 1862-5. JP 1869-. Returned England 1895. [ A D B , AM P I, Victoria Parliament former mem b ers database; Norfolk Record Office PD 334/44 Baptism Register, Baconsthorpe, Norfolk, England, p. 10, 14 June 1823; various issues Vic. newspapers]

GLADMAN, Edward William (1824-1903). Prospector and miner. Born Waterford, Ireland. Arrived Vic c.1844? Rewarded for 1860 discovery Baw Baw goldfield; prospecting in WA 1862, possibly again 1865; discovered coal and brown coal fields Latrobe Valley Vic 1860s; lived 1870s Reedy Creek near Broadford Vic; in Silverton NSW 1885. [Various issues Australian newspapers, Vic death certificate 1654/1903 (as William Edward, but death certificate spouse details match marriage certificate 2026/1867 as Edward William)]

GLADMAN, Frederick John (1839-1884). Educationist. Born London, England. Apprenticed pupil-teacher, then teacher training Borough Road Training College, London; taught Godalming Surrey 1859-62, headmaster Great Yarmouth, 1863-c.1872; headmaster at Model and Practising School, Borough Road College 1872-6. Private studies, examined by University of London: BA 1875, BSc 1875. Principal of Training Institution, Melbourne, 1877-84 [ A D B ]

GLADSTONE, John Hall, 1827-1902, British chemist. Professor of chemistry, Royal Institution, London. FRS, 1853 [Debus].

GLADSTONE, William Ewart, 1809-98, British statesman. MP from 1832. President of the Board of Trade, 1843-5; Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1845-6; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1852-5, 1859-66;Prime Minister, 1868-74, 1880-5, 1886, 1892-4 [DNB].

GLANNON, Mary Ann, 1811-77. Married Alexander Fraser in England in 1831, and went with him to Sydney in 1832 and Melbourne in 1839.Prominent in Wesleyan Church [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

GLAZIOU, Auguste François Marie, 1818-1906, botanical traveller. Born in France. Collected plants in Brazil, 1858-97. Director of the Paseo publico and of the Acclimatisation Ground (Campo do Acclimaçao), Rio de Janeiro, 1873 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

GOETHE, Matthias, 1827-76, Lutheran pastor. Born near Koblenz, Germany. Went to Sydney in 1850, and to Melbourne in 1852. Founded Victoria’s first Lutheran church, 1853. President of Lutheran Synod of Vic., 1856-67. Went to California in 1867, then to Mexico City in 1875 [ADB].

GOEZE, Edmund (1838-1928). Horticulturalist and garden administrator. Born Itzehoe, Germany. Apprenticed gardener Kew Gardens, where assisted W. B. Hemsley learn German. Director of the Coimbra (Portugal) botanic garden, 1866-73; Lisbon 1873-6, later in Greifswald. Translator of German edition of Mueller’s Select extra-tropical plants , 1883. [ O Jardim Botânico de Lisboa , accessed 21 June 2023; German deaths, Berlin 1874-1955] Uvaria goezeana

GOLDIE, Andrew, 1840-91, naturalist and merchant. Born in Scotland. In NZ, 1862-74. Explored in New Guinea, 1877-9, and settled there [ADB, Desmond]. Plant contributor to RBG, Melbourne and the Melbourne Herbarium. Combretum goldieanum.

GOLDSWORTHY, Roger Tuckfield (1839-1900). Soldier and colonial administrator. Born London, England. Military service in India c.1857-65. Joined colonial service: Sierra Leone, Lagos, Gold Coast (Ghana), WA (Colonial Secretary, 1877-80), Administrator St Lucia, Governor British Honduras, then Falkland Is. CMG 1874, KCMG, 1889. [ Dictionary of Falklands bi o graphy ; Ti m es (London), 8 May 1900, p. 11]

GOLTHER, Carl Ludwig von (1823-1876). Government official. Born Ulm, Germany. Studied philosophy and law Tübingen University. Official in Württemberg government from 1851: minister of education and the arts 1864, president of privy council, 1867-70. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

GOODALE, George Lincoln (1839-1923). Botanist. Born Saco, Maine, USA. Educated Amherst AB 1860, Harvard MD 1863. Botanist, chemist and geologist, Maine Survey 1860-63. Physician, Portland, Maine 1863-6. Professor of Natural Science, Bowdoin College Maine 1868-72. Harvard: lecturer in Botany 1872 rising to full professorship 1878, additionally director of botanic garden 1879; worked with Asa Gray, succeeded Gray as Fisher Professor of Natural History 1888-1909; established botanical museum, opened 1890. Member, often president, of many societies; President American Association for the Advancement of Science 1890. World tour 1890-91, arrived Adelaide 15 December 1890, by train to Melbourne, departed for New Zealand 6 January 1891, visited NSW, Tas, Qld on return from New Zealand. [ Robi n son (1927), Goo d ale (1891a); various issues Australian and New Zealand newspapers]

GOODALL, Harley (1818-1865). Businessman. Born Clerkenwell. Middlesex, England. Merchant shipowner, Lloyds underwriter. To Vic 1857; ship lost by fire Tristan da Cuhna, arrived Geelong via Cape Town. Proprietor Mornington Hotel, Schnapper Point c.1858-63. Trustee of church site, Schnapper Point 1860. Returned to England 1864. [England Census 1851, Mount Alexander mail, 28 August 1857, p. 7; various issues Vic newspapers]

GOODE, George Brown (1851-1896). Ichthyologist, museum administrator. Born New Albany, Indiana, USA; Wesleyan University, Connecticut: graduated 1870, curator Judd Hall Museum 1870-7, simultaneously volunteer with Smithsonian Institution and United States Fish Commission, directed a display at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. Smithsonian Institution: c.1876 worked with Secretary on development of new museum; assistant director and museum director 1885. Historian of American science. [ Oehser (1948); Kohlstedt (1988)]

GOODENOUGH, James Graham, 1830-75, English naval officer. Entered Royal Navy, 1844. Served in various areas; Commodore of the Australian Station, 1873. Died after being wounded in the Santa Cruz Islands [ADB]. .

GOODSIR, John, 1814-67, Scottish anatomist. Professor of anatomy at Edinburgh, best known for his work on cellular pathology [DNB].

GOODWIN, [Sophia Sybella, 1836-1894(?)]. Launceston Tas. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B69.07.01] [Maroske & Vaughan (2014)

GOOLD, James Alpius, 1812-86, Roman Catholic priest. Born in Ireland. Went to Sydney in 1838. Bishop of Melbourne, 1847; archbishop, 1874-86 [ADB].

GÖPPERT [Goeppert], Johann Heinrich Robert, 1800-84, physician, palaeobotanist. Professor of Botany and Director of the Breslau Botanic Garden [TL2]. Honorary member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria [Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria (1860)].

GOSCHEN, George Joachim, 1831-1907, British statesman. Educated at Oxford (BA, 1853). With father’s financial firm, Frühling & Göschen, 1853-66. Appointed director of Bank of England, 1858. MP, 1863-1900; President of Poor Law Board, 1868-71; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1871-4, 1895-1900; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1886-92. Created Viscount Goschen, 1900 [DNB].

GOSSE, William Christie, 1842-81, surveyor and explorer. Born in England. Went with his family to Adelaide in 1850. Appointed to the SA Surveyor General’s Department in 1859; Deputy Surveyor General, 1875-81. Leader of an exploring expedition west from the overland telegraph line in 1872, during which he discovered and named Ayers Rock (Uluru) [ADB]. Haloragis gossei.

GOTTSCHE, Karl Moritz, 1808-92, physician, botanist. Born in Schleswig-Holstein. Practised medicine in Altona. Expert on liverworts, on which he collaborated with Nees von Esenbeck [All.DB].

GOYDER, George Woodroofe, 1826-98, surveyor general. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney in 1848 and to Adelaide in 1851. Assistant Surveyor General, SA from 1857; Surveyor General, 1861-94. Determined a drought line which was used to reassess leases. Chairman of the first Forest Board in 1873. CMG, 1889 [ADB]. Hibbertia goyderi.

GRAFF, Robert Carl Hermann (1846–????). Artist. Born Grabow, Germany. In Vic by 1881. Drew and lithographed plates for Mueller 1883-1892. Supposed to have returned to Germany late 1890s; described as retired artist, Rostock 1910. [Darragh (2023), p. 94; various Vic newspapers] Acacia graffiana

GRAHAM, Clara Oakley, 1866-1945. Born in SA. Married Michael Ryan, 1889; postmaster at Onslow, WA, 1889-90; at Israelite Bay, WA, 1890-5; at Eucla, WA, 1895-1907 [J. Willis et al. (1986), VBOT biog file, Bicentennial dictionary of Western Australians].

GRAINGER, George Percy, 1882-1961, pianist and composer. Born in Melbourne. Began musical studies at age 10, performed throughout the world [ADB].

GRAINGER, Rosa [Rose] Annie. See Rosa Annie ALDRIDGE.

GRANT, George Monro, 1835-1902, Canadian clergyman and educationalist. Minister at Halifax, Nova Scotia, from 1863. Moderator of Church of Scotland, 1865. Principal of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, 1877-1902 [Dictionary of Canadian biography].

GRANT, James MacPherson, 1822-85, lawyer and politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney in 1836. MLC, 1855-6; MLA, 1856-85. Commissioner of Crown Lands and Survey, 1864-9, 1871-2; Minister of Justice, 1875, 1877-80; Chief Secretary and Minister of Public Instruction, 1881-3 [ADB].

GRAY, Alexander (1826-1913). Mill owner, businessman. Born Newton Stewart, Scotland; described as ironmonger Scotland census 1851; arrived Vic c.1852, Developed a range of business interests in Geelong, and acquired pastoral properties. [ Geelong advertiser, 13 Jan 1913, p. 4; various Vic newspapers]

GRAY, Asa, 1810-88, physician, botanist. Born in New York. Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard University from 1842. Retired from teaching in 1873. Leading botanical taxonomist in nineteenth-century America [DSB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Claytonia grayi.

GRAY, Jane. See Jane LORING.

GREEN, Traill, 1813-97, American botanist [Barnhart (1965)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B63.05.01].

GREENE, Edward Lee, 1843-1915, American botanist and clergyman [TL2]. Professor of botany at University of California, Berkeley, until 1895.

GREENE, Molesworth Richard (1827-1916). Pastoralist, company director. Born Dublin, Ireland; educated Paris. Arrived Port Phillip, 1842 with parents and siblings; ran in partnership or as a solo enterprise several pastoral properties in Vic, NSW and Qld. After 1899-1902 drought sold up most holdings and focused on Vic properties ‘Greystones’ near Bacchus Marsh and several dairy farms in Gippsland. JP; trustee Melbourne Public Library; vice-president Pastoralists’ Association of Victoria and Southern Riverina; Chairman of Directors South Broken Hill Mining Co.; member Bacchus Marsh Shire Council. Active philanthropist. [ A D B ]

GREEVES, Augustus Frederick Adolphus, 1805-74, physician, politician. Born in Scotland. Went to the Port Phillip district in 1840. On staff of the Port Phillip gazette. Mayor of Melbourne, 1849. MLC and MLA; conservative. President of the Board of Land and Works and Commissioner of Crown Lands and Survey, 1860 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Greevesia cleisocalyx, Millotia greevesii.

GREGORY, Augustus Charles, 1819-1905, explorer, surveyor. Born in England. Went to the Swan River settlement, WA in 1829. Led the North Australian Exploring Expedition, 1855-6, and an expedition in search of Ludwig Leichhardt in 1858. RGS Founders Medal, 1857. MLC, Qld from 1882; ultra-conservative. Trustee of the Qld Museum, 1876-99. President of the AAAS, 1895. CMG, 1874; KCMG, 1903 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Acacia gregorii, Adansonia gregorii, Brachychiton gregorii, Cochlospermum gregorii, Senecio gregorii.

GREGORY, Francis Thomas, 1821-88, surveyor, explorer. Brother of Augustus Gregory. Surveyor in WA. RGS Founder’s Medal, 1863. MLC, Qld from 1874 [ADB].

GREGORY, Henry Churchman. Accompanied his brother Augustus Gregory on the North Australian Exploring Expedition, 1855-6 [Threadgill (1922)].

GREIG, William John. Member of the board of inquiry into the administration of the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1870, and chairman following the death of William Hammill. An amateur grower of plants [Pescott (1982)].

GRENVILLE, Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos [Third duke of Buckingham and Chandos] (1823-1889). Politician. Studied Eton, Cambridge, Hon DCL 1852. Member House of Commons 1846-57, succeeded to dukedom 1861. Held office: Lord president of the Council 1866, Secretary of State for the Colonies 1867-8. Governor Madras, 1875-80, Chairman of committees House of Lords from 1886. Numerous other political and business roles. [ ODNB ]. Buckinghamia

GREVSMÜHL, Emil August (fl. 1870-1890s). Merchant. In Vic 1870, in Samoa 1880s, 1890s. Nothing further found. [Various Australian newspapers]

GREY, George, 1812-98, explorer, governor, politician, naturalist. Born in Lisbon. Led exploration expeditions in WA, 1838-9. Governor of SA, 1841-5; of NZ, 1845-54, 1861-8; of the Cape Colony, 1854-61. Knighted in 1848. Premier of NZ, 1877-9 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B63.05.01].

GRIFFITH, William, 1810-45, botanist. Born in England. Appointed assistant surgeon at Madras, India, 1832. Collected in Assam, 1835-6; Bhutan, 1837-8; Afghanistan, 1839-41; Malaya, 1841-2, 1845. FLS, 1840. Acting superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1842-4 [Desmond]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

GRIFFITHS, George Samuel, stockbroker. Deputy chairman of Melbourne Stock Exchange until 1895. Declared insolvent, 1896. An enthusiastic amateur geologist and a leading advocate of Antarctic exploration for scientific purposes [Home et al., 1992].

GRIMES, Edward, civil servant. Clerk to the Executive Council, Vic. from 1851. Auditor General from 1853 [VPRS 943, PROV].

GRISEBACH, August Heinrich Rudolph, 1814-79, German botanist. Director of the botanic garden at Göttingen [TL2]. M sent him specimens and copies of his publications. .

GROENER, Carl A., ?-1884, botanical assistant. Assistant at the Melbourne Herbarium, c.1864-84. Scaevola groeneri.

GRUNOW, Albert Carl Ludwig (1826-1914). Chemist, algologist. Born Berlin, Germany. Chemist at metalworks Berndort, Austria 1851-1901. Avocational interest in algae, especially diatoms; published algae of the Novara expedition, and from many other collections. Undertook a world trip including Australia 1884-5, met Mueller in Melbourne. [ Sch u ster, Williams & Van De Vijer (2022), p. 333; Österreichisches Biographisches Lexicon ; Reichs p ost (Vienna), 23 March 1914, p. 4.]

GUILFOYLE, William Robert, 1840-1912, landscape gardener. Born in England. Went to Sydney with his family in 1849. Farmed his father’s land at Cudgen, NSW, collecting plants for M both there and during a voyage to the Pacific Islands. Appointed Curator of the Melbourne Botanic Garden in 1873, being chiefly responsible for its present design [Pescott (1974)]. Guilfoylia.

GUILLEMIN, Jean Baptiste Antoine, 1796-1842, botanist, traveller [TL2].

GULLIVER, Thomas Allen, 1848-1931. Born in England. Went with his brother Benjamin Thomas Gulliver (1851-1938) as a botanical collector with Francis Cadell to the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arnhem Land, 1867 [Desmond]. A gardener at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1868-70 (as was his son, Thomas Gulliver Jr., 1868-72). Later director of the telegraph department, Forrestville, Qld., and a plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Elected FLS on M’s nomination in 1885 but did not join . Ectrosia gulliveri, Isotoma gulliveri, Quercus gulliveri.

GUNDERSEN [GUNDERSON], Hans Jorgen, c1850-1827, Arrived Victoria 1888 as Consul for Sweden and Norway, then for Norway; owned property on Flinders Island, Tas.

GUNN, Ronald Campbell, 1808-81, botanist, civil servant, politician. Born in Cape Town. Went to VDL in 1830. MLC and MLA. Collected for the Hookers and William Harvey. Member of the Tasmanian Society, and editor of the Tasmanian journal of natural science, 1842-9. FLS,1850; FRS, 1854 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B60.01.01]. Gunnia septifraga.

GÜNTHER, Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf [formerly Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf] (1830-1914). Zoologist. Born Esslingen, Germany. Studied medicine and zoology at Tübingen University. To England 1855, joined British Museum 1857. Naturalized British citizen 1862. Keeper of the Zoology Department, British Museum, from 1862. FRS, 1867. An expert on fishes. [ ODNB ]

H

Haast, Johann Franz Julius von, 1822-1887, geologist, explorer. Born in Bonn. Went to NZ in 1858. Geologist at Canterbury, NZ from 1861. Honorary PhD (Tübingen), 1862. FLS, 1864; FRS, 1867. Director of the Canterbury Museum from 1868. First Professor of Geology at Canterbury College from 1876. Honorary DSc (Cambridge) and KCMG, 1886 [NZDB, Desmond]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B61.02.01]. Gingidium haastii.

HAAST, Mary. See Mary Dobson.

HACKEL, Eduard Joseph (1850–1926). School teacher, agrostologist. Born Haida, Bohemia (now Nový Bor, Czechia). Studied at Polytechnicisches Institut Vienna. Qualified teacher 1870; taught natural history at Realschule, St Pölten Austria, 1869-70, 1871–1900. Retired Graz 1904, then to Attersee 1907. Specialist in grass systematics and morphology.[ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ; Neue Deutsche Biographie ]

HÄCKER, Gottfried Renatus (1789-1864). Pharmacist, bryologist. Born Barby, Saxony-Anhalt. Worked as stone mason; studied pharmacy Jerichau 1812, managed pharmacy in Bibra, assistant pharmacist Lübeck 1824-56; curator of the Lübeck Natural History Museum 1856-64. Corresponding member Friends of Natural History of Mecklenburg. [ Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg , 20 jahr (1865), pp. 50-4; Frahm and Eggers (1995), p. 158] Haeckeria cassiniaeformis

HADDON, Frederick William, 1839-1906, journalist. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1863, having been engaged by the proprietors of the Argus. Editor of the Australasian, 1864-7, and of the Argus, 1867-98 [ADB].

HAEUSLER, Johann Heinrich Ferdinand (1840–1923). Farmer. Born Ulbersdorf, Saxony. Arrived Adelaide 1846, family settled at Lobethal. To Wodonga, Vic by mid-1860s. Naturalised 1894. [ Wodonga and Toowong sentinel , 21 September 1923, p. 2]

HAGEN, Johann, 1775-1858, Lutheran pastor. Of Nübel, Schleswig-Holstein from 1831. Iwanne Müller lived with the Hagens.

HAGENAUER, Friedrich August, 1829-1909, Moravian missionary. Born in Saxony. Missionary trainee at Herrnhut, Ebersdorf, 1851-6. Went to Vic. in 1856. Established Ebenezer mission at Wimmera River, 1859; Ramahyuck mission, Lake Wellington, Gippsland, 1863-1909 [ADB].

HAIDINGER, Wilhelm Karl von (1795–1871). Geologist, mineralogist. Born Vienna, Austria. Studied with Mohs at Joanneum, Graz then Freiberg Mining Academy. In Edinburgh visiting other European centres 1822-7; managed porcelain factory 1827-40. Director mineralogical collection Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen 1840. Founding Director Austrian Geological Survey 1849-66. Foreign member, Royal Society of London 1856, many other national scientific societies; member of many foreign orders; Austrian ennoblement 1865. [ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ; Deutsche Biographie ; Hauer (1871)]

HAIG, William, 1823-93, medical practitioner. Born in Britain. Went to Melbourne in 1853. Practised medicine at Emerald Hill (South Melbourne); surgeon at Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. President, Medical Society of Victoria, 1885 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Helipterum haigii.

HAINES, William Clark, 1810-66, politician. Born in England. Went to the Port Phillip district in 1841. Colonial Secretary, Chief Secretary and Treasurer. Vice Chancellor of the University of Melbourne, 1857-8 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B62.03.01]. Callistemon hainesii, Styphelia hainesii.

HALFORD, George Britton, 1824-1910, physiologist. Born in England. Appointed founding professor of the medical school at the University of Melbourne in 1862; professor of anatomy, physiology and pathology until 1882, thereafter professor of physiology alone. Engaged in a spirited debate with Thomas Henry Huxley about Charles Darwin’s ideas, in relation to the comparative anatomy of monkeys and men [ADB]. Halfordia.

HAMILTON, George, policeman. Chief Inspector of Police, Adelaide.

HAMILTON, Robert George Crookshank, 1836-95, Scottish civil servant and colonial governor. Educated at University of Aberdeen (MA, 1857). Accountant to Board of Education, 1861; to the Board of Trade, 1869. Accountant-general of the navy, 1878. Permanent secretary to the navy, 1882. CB, 1883. KCB, 1884. LLD, 1885. Governor of Tasmania, 1887-93 [ADB].

HAMMEL, H. (fl. 1840) Of Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein. Nothing further found.

HAMMILL, William, 1824-71, merchant and auctioneer. Born in England. Appointed chairman of the board of inquiry into the administration of the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1870, but died shortly afterwards [Pescott (1982)].

HAMPE, Georg Ernst Ludwig, 1795-1880, botanist. Apothecary at Blankenburg (Harz), 1825-76. DrPhil (Göttingen), 1875 [TL2]. Identified mosses and lichens for M.

HAMPTON, John Stephen, 1810?-69, surgeon and colonial administrator. Surgeon in the Royal Navy, 1829-46. Comptroller General of convicts in VDL, 1846-55. Governor of WA, 1862-8 [ADB]. Astrotricha hamptoni.

HANCE, Henry Fletcher, 1827-86, botanist, consul. British Vice Consul at Whampoa (Huang-pu), Canton and Amoy (Hsia-men), 1844-86 [TL2]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden.

HANNAFORD, Samuel, 1828-74, editor, botanist. Born in England. At Melbourne, 1853, Warnambool, Vic., 1855-6, and Geelong, Vic., 1857-63. Edited the Victorian agricultural & horticultural gazette. Edited the Launceston times and Tasmanian times. At the Public Library, Hobart, 1868-74 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Hannafordia quadrivalvis.

HANNOVER, King of. See Ernst August.

HANSEN, Lars, 1788-1876, teacher, musician, botanist. Of Husby, Angeln in Schleswig [TL2]. Dodonaea hansenii.

HARDECK, Friedrich (1826–1894). Statistician, diplomat. Born Hildesheim, Hannover. Studied philology Göttingen 1843–6. Director of Grand ducal Statistical Bureau Baden 1863 and Minister for External Affairs involved in peace negotiations with France 1871. [ Badische Biographien ]

HARDY, Auguste, 1819-? Director of the Jardin d’essai at Algiers, ?1844-67 [Osborne (1994].

HARKER, Sarah. See Sarah Rigby.

HARPER, Charles, 1842-1912, agriculturalist, newspaper proprietor and politician. Born at Toodyay, WA. Part-owner of De Grey station, WA, 1871-8, and later of Yanrey station on the Ashburton River, and Woodbridge, near Guildford, WA, where he undertook many farming experiments. Proprietor of the West Australian times from 1879. MLC, 1878-80; MLA, 1884-1905 [ADB]. Tetratheca harperi.

HARRIS, GEORGE, 1874-1922, married Bertha WEHL, 1874.

HARRIS, OTTILIE BERTHA. See Bertha WEHL.

HART, Elvina. Married Moses Rintel in Melbourne in 1849 [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

HART, Thomas Stephen, 1871-1960, school teacher and naturalist. Born at Melbourne. Educated at University of Melbourne (BA 1890, MA 1892, BCE 1901). Lecturer, Ballarat School of Mines, 1896-1913; promoted to professor, 1908. Senior master, Creswick School of Forestry, 1913-6. Science teacher, Bairnsdale School of Mines, 1917-31 [ADB ]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

HARTERT, Ernst Johann Otto (1859–1933). Bird collector, ornithologist, curator. Born Hamburg, Germany. Bird collector Africa, Penang, Sumatra, India, West Indies, 1885-92; Director of Walter Rothschild’s museum at Tring, including shorter collecting trips, several to North West Africa, 1892-1930. Retired to Berlin. [ British birds , vol. 27, pp. 225–9 (1934)]

HARTMANN, Carl Heinrich (c.1832–1887). Nurseryman, botanical collector. Born Dahlen, Saxony. Trained as gardener. To Sydney 1855, then NSW goldfields; moved to Toowoomba, Qld c.1865, proprietor Range Nursery. Plant breeder, explorer and botanical collector New Guinea. Homeopath. [ Toowoomba chronicle , 15 December 1887, p. 3. Darling D o wns gazette ,17 December 1887, p. 3, various issues Australian newspapers] Pultenaea hartmanni, Sarcochilus hartmanni

HARTMANN, Karl Eduard Wilhelm Robert (1832–1893). Anatomist, ethnographer. Born Blankenburg am Harz, Germany. Studied medicine Berlin; travelled in Algeria, Nubia, eastern Sudan 1860-1. Privatdocent 1864, taught at Agricultural Academy Proskau, 1865-7; Professor of Anatomy, University of Berlin, 1867. A founder and long-term secretary Ethnographical Society of Berlin and its journal Zeitschrift für Ethnologie; Active member, Berlin Society for Geography, vice president 1871-9; member Leopoldina 1884. [ Virchow (1893), Leopoldina, vol. 29, p. 109 (1893)]

HARVEY, William Henry, 1811-66, botanist, phycologist. Colonial Treasurer, Cape Town, 1835-42. Curator of the Trinity College Herbarium, Dublin. Professor of Botany of the Royal Dublin Society from 1848. Professor of botany at Trinity College from 1856. Went to Australia and the Pacific in 1854 [ADB]. Sarcopetalum harveyanum, Seseli harveyanum.

HASSKARL, Justus Karl, 1811-94, German botanist. At the botanic garden at Buitenzorg (Bogor), Java, 1837-43, 1846. In 1852-6, was involved in the introduction of Cinchona into the Netherlands East Indies. Thereafter a private scientist at Cleve, Germany [TL2].

HASWELL, William Aitcheson, 1854-1925, biologist. Born in Scotland. Educated in Edinburgh (MA, 1877; BSc, 1878; DSc, 1887). Went to Australia in 1878. Curator, Qld Museum, 1880. Professor of biology, University of Sydney, from 1890. President, Linnean Society of NSW, 1892-93. FRS, 1897. Awarded Clarke Medal of Royal Society of NSW, 1915 [ADB].

HAUBOLD, August Robert Bernhard (1856–1928). Nurseryman. Born at Dresden, Germany. Owned a large nursery at Laubegast near Dresden. Secretary of “Flora” Sächsische Gesellschaft für Botanik und Gartenbau for 34 years. [Dresden Crematorium Register 1929, no. 26246. Dresden Death Register C1, no. 1560. Die Gartenwelt vol. 31(8), p. 128; Die Gartenbauwirtschaft vol. 44(3), p. [12]]

HAUCK, Ferdinand, 1845-89, Austrian botanist. Born at Brno. Post office official at Trieste, 1866-89. An expert on algae [TL2]. Algae specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

HAUSSKNECHT, Heinrich Carl (1838-1903). Pharmacist, botanist. Born Bennungen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; apprentice pharmacist Greussen, qualified assistant 1859; further study Switzerland from 1861, qualified pharmacist 1864. In contact with Swiss botanists, encouraged to collect: collected Europe and Middle East. Settled Weimar 1869. Built up large library and herbarium, housed from 1896 in specialist building. Founded Thuringischer Botanischer Verein 1883. Titles of Professor and Hofrat conferred by Grand Duke of Saxony; received Knight Cross, order of the White Falcon. [ Hergt (1903)]

HAWKESWORTH, John, c.1720-73, English professional writer. Editor of Pacific journals of James COOK and Joseph BANKS [DNB].

HAYNALD, Lajos, 1816-91, Hungarian Catholic priest. Entered holy orders in 1839. DTheol, 1841. Bishop of Transylvania, 1852-64. Archbishop of Kalocsa-Bacs from 1867; appointed Cardinal, 1879. An enthusiastic amateur botanist [Catholic encyclopedia].

HAYTER, Henry Heylyn Ludwig, 1821-95, statistician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Assistant Registrar-General, Vic, 1859-74; Government Statist, 1874-95. CMG, 1882 [ADB].

HEALES, Richard, 1821-64, politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1842. A leading figure in the temperance movement. MLA, 1857-64. Chief Secretary, 1860-1; Minister for Lands, 1863-4 [ADB].

HEARN, William Edward, 1826-88, professor and political economist. Born in Ireland. Educated Trinity College Dublin (BA 1847; MA, LLD 1863). Admitted to Irish Bar, 1853. Founding professor of modern history and literature, political economy and logic, University of Melbourne, 1854-73, then dean of law. Author of several works on political economy. MLC, 1878-88 [ADB]. Hearnia.

HECTOR, James, 1834-1907, geologist and science administrator. Born in Scotland. Surgeon and geologist on the Palliser expedition to western Canada, 1857-60. Provincial Geologist, Otago, NZ, 1861-5. Director of the NZ Geological Survey, the Colonial Museum and Colonial Laboratory from 1865. Director of the Wellington Botanic Garden from 1866 [NZDB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B65.10.01, B69.07.03].

HEER, Oswald von, 1809-83, Swiss palaeobotanist. Professor of botany and director of the botanic garden at Zürich [TL2]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B62.03.01].

HEGELMAIER, Christoph Friedrich, 1833-1906, German physician and botanist. Army physician at Ulm, 1857-62. Worked with A. Braun at Berlin, 1862-3. Professor of botany at Tübingen, 1866-1902 [TL2]. .

HEIRSCHI [HIRSCHI], Friedrich, 1813-70, seedsman. Born in Switzerland. Went to Victoria in the early 1850s. Settled in Castlemaine, where he acquired land for a public botanic garden. In partnership as a nurseryman with Karl Lenné, c1857-61, and subsequently in his own business. A pioneer of winemaking in the Castlemaine district [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

HEISTER, Lorenz, 1683-1758, German botanist. Professor of medicine at Helmstädt [TL2].

HELDREICH, Theodor von, 1822-1902, botanist. Born in Germany. In Greece 1843-9, 1851-1902. Plant collector and director of the Athens Botanic Garden and Natural History Museum [TL2].

HELMHOLTZ, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand, 1821-94, German physicist and physiologist. Born at Potsdam. Successively professor of physiology at Königsberg (1849), Bonn (1855) and Heidelberg (1858). Professor of physics at Berlin, 1871. Granted ‘von’, 1883. First director of the Physikalisch-technische Reichsanstalt, Berlin, 1888 [DSB]. Helmholtzia.

HELMS, Richard (1842-1914). Dentist and naturalist. Born in Altona, Germany. To Melbourne 1858, tobacconist; to Dunedin NZ, 1862 as dentist and watchmaker, zoological collecting. Collector Australian Museum, Sydney, 1888. Naturalist, Elder expedition to north-west Australia, 1891-2. Biologist, Department of Agriculture, WA, 1896-99; bacteriologist, NSW Department of Agriculture, 1900-08 [ ADB ]. Calycopeplus helmsii, Grevillea helmsiana, Plagianthus helmsii, Thryptomene helmsii.

HELY [HELEY], Hovenden, 1823-72, explorer, landowner and politician. Born in Ireland. Taken to Sydney as an infant. Accompanied Ludwig Leichhardt on his second, unsuccessful expedition, 1846-7. In 1851-2, led an unsuccessful expedition in search of Leichhardt who had by then been missing for three years. Magistrate at Gosford, NSW, 1848-62. MLA, 1856-7 [ADB].

HEMSLEY, William Botting, 1843-1924, English botanist. Gardener at Kew from 1860. Assistant, Kew Herbarium, 1865-7, 1883-1908; Keeper from 1899 [Desmond].

HENDERSON, E. G. & Son, Messrs, nurserymen. Edward George Henderson (c. 1783-1876) established the Wellington Road Nurseries, St John’s Wood, London c.1836 [Desmond]. Plant/seed vendor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

HENDERSON, Euphemia Ethel Elizabeth Spencer Middleton, 1822-1907, governess. Born in Britain. Went to Vic. in 1838 with her sister and brother-in-law. Lived at Phillip Island, Vic. from 1842, later at Yanakie, Vic. Engaged to M for five months in 1863 [Maroske (1997)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B65.10.01]. Nematolepis euphemiae.

HENDERSON, John Austin (1834-1903). Policeman, farmer(?). Born Glasgow, Scotland. Joined NSW police c.1857, in Ballina NSW from 1858, as Senior Constable from at least 1863-72 when posted to Sydney with ‘religious mania’ following death of first wife. In Ballina by 1877 when donated beetles to Australian Museum, described as ‘botanist Ballina’ when further donation made in 1879. Active in promoting sugar growing at Richmond River by 1878. [ Clarence River Advocate , 21 August 1903, p. 8, various NSW newspapers] Pithecolobium hendersonii.

HENDRICK, Hugh, c1826-1913, gardener. Born in England? Went to Melbourne in 1853. Employed at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1857- c1890.

HENFREY, Arthur, 1819-59, British physician and botanist. Trained at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London. Lecturer at St George’s Hospital, 1847-53. Professor of botany at King’s College London, 1854-9 [Desmond].

HENNE, Diedrich, 1834-1913. German born, arrived Melbourne mid 1850s, employed by Mueller, sent as a plant collector on HMVS Victoria, sent to the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1861 in the hope of relieving the Burke and Wills expedition, entered trade; Honorary treasurer to Melbourne Liedertafel. [Sydney Morning Herald, 7 February 1913, p. 5]

HENNINGS, John, 1835-98, scene painter. Born in Bremen. Went to Melbourne in 1855. Worked in various Vic. and Sydney theatres [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

HENRIQUES, Julio Augusto, 1838-1928, Portuguese botanist. Obtained degree in law, 1860, DrPhil, 1865. Assistant professor of botany, Coimbra, 1866; professor of botany and director of the Coimbra Botanic Garden, 1874 [TL2].

HENRY, Joseph, 1797-1878, American physicist. Undertook important research on electromagnetism in the 1830s. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1846-78. President, US National Academy of Sciences, 1868-78 [DSB].

HENRY, Léon. Assistant at the Melbourne Herbarium, 1881-4.

HENSLOW, Frances Harriet, 1825-74. Daughter of John Stevens Henslow. Married Joseph Hooker in 1851 [Allan (1967)].

HENSLOW, John Stevens, 1796-1861, English botanist and divine. Professor of botany at Cambridge, 1825-61 [TL2]. Father of Frances Harriet Henslow and father-in-law of Joseph Hooker.

HENTY, Stephen George, 1811-72, pastoralist and businessman. Born in England. Brother of William Henty. Went to WA in 1829, then settled at Portland, Vic., in 1836. MLA, 1856-70 [ADB].

HENTY, William, 1808-81, solicitor and public servant. Born in England. Brother of Stephen George Henty. Went to VDL in 1837 and established a legal practice in Launceston. Colonial Secretary, 1856-62, but then returned to England [ADB].

HEPP, Johann Adam Philipp, 1797-1867, German physician, lichenologist and political activist who lived in exile in Switzerland, 1851-67 [TL2]. Lichen specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

HERBERT, Henry Howard Molyneux [4th Earl of CARNARVON] (1831-1890). Born London, courtesy title Viscount Porchester; educated Eton, Cambridge, graduated 1852. Succeeded as Earl of Carnarvon, 1849. Undersecretary for the Colonies 1858-9; Colonial Secretary 1866-7, 1874-7. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1885-6. DCL, Cambridge 1859; Fellow, Society of Antiquaries 1877, President 1878-85. [ ODNB ]

HERBERT, Robert George Wyndham, 1831-1905, politician and public servant. Born in England. Educated at Oxford (BA,1854; BCL, 1856). Colonial Secretary, Qld, 1859, then Premier until 1866, when he returned to England. Held positions in various UK government offices; permanent Under-Secretary in Colonial Office, 1871-92. KCB, 1882; GCB, 1892 [ADB].

HERBERT, William, 1778-1847, English botanist. Rector at Spofforth, Yorkshire, 1814-40; Dean of Manchester, 1840-7 [Desmond].

HERLITZ, Hermann, 1834-1920, Lutheran pastor. Born in Saxony. Ordained, 1862, and went to Vic. Pastor at Germantown, near Geelong, Vic, 1862-8; Melbourne, 1868-1914 [ADB].

HESTER, Frances Theodosia, later HEPPINGSTONE (1850-1913). Collector. Born Bunbury, WA; lived with family near Bridgetown, Blackwood River district; collected for Mueller in area 1871-6. Married Arthur Heppingstone 1877. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

HETHERINGTON, Margaret. See Margaret McAllister Shannon.

HEUGLIN, Martin Theodor von, 1824-76, German explorer and zoologist. Undertook a number of expeditions in North Africa, Asia Minor and the Arctic [NDB]. Leader of the search expedition for Eduard Vogel in 1861-2.

HEURCK, Henri Ferdinand Van. See Henri Ferdinand VAN HEURCK.

HEUZENROEDER [Heuzenröder], Heinrich, 1819-98, pharmacist, numismatist. Educated in Göttingen and Bremen. Went to Adelaide in Hermann von Beckerath, 1847 (same ship as M). Worked with brother Moritz Heuzenroeder [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. See Messrs Büttner & Heuzenroeder.

HEWARD, Robert, 1791-1877, botanist. Born in England. In Jamaica, 1823-6. FLS, 1836 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B61.02.01].

HEYDE, Wilhelm von der, 1829-96, merchant. Born in Germany. Went to Melbourne in 1848. Moved to Sydney c1875.

HEYDRICH, Franz, ?-1911, German algologist [TL2].

HEYLAND, Jean Christophe, 1791-1866, botanical illustrator. Born at Frankfurt am Main. Went to Geneva where he came to the attention of Augustin de Candolle, for whose works he prepared many illustrations. Botanical painter to Archduke Rainier, Austrian Viceroy of Lombardy, 1849-59 [Blunt & Stearn (1994)].

HEYNE, Ernst Bernhard, 1825-1881, botanist and horticulturist. Born in Saxony. Diploma in botany (Leipzig). At the Dresden Botanic Garden. Went to Melbourne in 1849. At the Melbourne Botanic Garden from 1854. Went to Adelaide in 1869 and opened a nursery in Hackney [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Aster heynei.

HICKS-BEACH, Michael Edward, 1837-1916, British statesman. Educated at Oxford (MA, 1861). MP, 1864-1906; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1874-8; Secretary for the Colonies, 1878-80; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1885-6, 1895-1902. Created Viscount St Aldwyn, 1906; promoted to earl, 1916 [DNB]. Hicksbeachia.

HILGARD, Eugene N. Waldemar, 1833-1916, American agricultural chemist and geologist. Born in Germany. Went to America in 1836. Educated at Belleville, Illinois and at Heidelberg (DrPhil, 1853). Studied also at Zürich and Freiberg. State geologist, Missouri, and professor of chemistry, 1855-73. Professor of geology and natural history, University of Michigan, 1873-5. Professor of agriculture, University of California and director, Californian Agricultural Experimental Station, 1875-1904. Member, National Academy of Sciences from 1866. Liebig medal, Munich Academy of Science, 1894 [WWA].

HILL, Rowland, 1795-1879, British civil servant. Promoter of the penny postage system established by the British government in 1840. Chairman of the Brighton Railway, 1843-6. Secretary of the Post Office, 1854-64. FRS, 1857; KCB, 1860 [DNB].

HILL, Walter, 1820-1904, botanist, natural history collector. Born in Scotland. Trained as a gardener at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. At the Kew Botanic Garden, England, 1843-51. Went to Sydney in 1852. Superintendent at the Brisbane Botanic Garden, 1855-81 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Acronychia hilii, Alsophila hilliana, Cymbidium hillii, Dendrobium hillii, Grevillea hilliana, Harpulia hillii, Musa hillii, Rubus hillii, Saccolabium hillii, Tecoma hillii.

HILLEBRAND, Wilhelm, 1821-86, physician, botanist. Of Heidelberg. Went to SA. Worked out of Oswald’s pharmacy in Adelaide. In the Hawaiian Islands, 1851-71 [TL2; South Australian register, 21 April 1849, p. 2; Index herbariorum: collectors]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Eriostemon hillebrandii, Veronica hillebrandi.

HIMLY, August Friedrich Karl, 1811-85, German chemist. Born and educated at Göttingen (DrPhil, 1835). Privatdozent, Göttingen, 1837-42; Professor of chemistry, Kiel, 1842-84 [Vollbehr & Weyl (1956)].

HOCHSTETTER, Christian Gottlob Ferdinand von, 1829-84, geologist, naturalist. Took part in the Novara expedition, 1857-9. Professor of geology at the Vienna Polytechnic, 1860-76. Curator of the Imperial Royal Natural History Court Museum (Kaiserlich Königliche naturhistorische Hofmuseum), 1876-84 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden. [B62.03.01].

HOCHSTETTER, Georgiana. See Georgiana Bengough.

HODGKINSON, Clement, 1818-93, public servant. Born in England. In NSW, 1840-2 as a contract government surveyor. Returned to England. Went to Melbourne in 1851. Deputy Surveyor General from 1858. Assistant Commissioner and Secretary of the Board of Crown Lands and Survey, 1860-74. FRS (Vic.) [ADB]. Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora.

HODGKINSON, MRS Mary H. [née Marshall], 1824-89 botanical collector. Born England; Mary Marshall married James Hodgkinson in 1842. The family became the first settlers at Lennox Head at the mouth of the Richmond River in New South Wales. Contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. [Maroske & Vaughan (2014)] Eugenia hodgkinsoniae.

HODGKINSON, William Oswald, 1835-1900, sailor, explorer, journalist, miner and politician. Born in England. Educated in Birmingham. Went to Vic, 1853. Returned to UK, 1854; clerk in War Office to 1859. Returned to Vic, 1860. Joined Burke & Wills expedition to cross Australia from south to north, 1860-1. Led expedition in Qld, 1875. Mining warden, 1878-83. MLA, Qld, 1874-5 and 1888-93 [ADB].

HODGSON, John, 1799-1860, merchant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1837 and set up in business. Mayor of Melbourne, 1853-4. MLC, 1853-60 [Thomson & Serle (1972)]. Member of the Royal Society of Victoria’s Exploration Committee. Hodgsonia.

HOFFMANN, Georg Christian, 1837-1917, chemist. Born in England. Educated in Germany and at the Royal School of Mines, London. Assistant to A. W. Hoffmann at Royal College of Chemistry, London. Went to South Africa in 1861 and then to Melbourne in 1865. Employed by M as a phytochemist, 1865-70. Went to Canada in 1871. Chemist to the Geological Survey of Canada, 1872-1907; Assistant Director of the Survey, 1880-1907 [Transactions Royal Society of Canada (1917) pp. v-vii].

HOFMANN, Ernst (1837-1892). Apothecary, entomologist. Born Frankfurt am Main, Germany; apprentice pharmacist Wörth an der Donau, qualifying in Regensburg and Oberaudorf; studied Erlangen. While working as pharmacy assistant collected insects, specializing in microlepidoptera. Curator of entomology, Natural History Museum, Stuttgart 1869. PhD Jena 1873

HOGG, John, 1800-1869, barrister, botanist. Born in England. FLS 1822; FRS 1839. Active in Tyneside natural history circles. Nominated M FLS.

HOGG, Robert, 1818-97, British horticulturist. Educated at University of Edinburgh. Partner in nursery business, London, 1842-51. Editor Florist, 1852-70; editor and proprietor, Cottage gardener, from 1855 [Desmond].

HOHENACKER, Rudolf Friedrich, 1798-1874, German botanical collector. Missionary, 1822-30. Collected plants in association with the Esslingen Travel Union, 1829-42. Dealer in plant collections at Esslingen, 1842-58; at Kirchheim unter Teck from 1858 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

HOLLAND, Henry, 1788-1873, Scottish physician and scientist. Educated in London and at University of Edinburgh (MD, 1811). FRS, 1815; FRCP, 1828. Physician in ordinary to Prince ALBERT, 1840; to Queen VICTORIA, 1852. Created baronet, 1853 [DNB].

HOLLRUNG, Udo Max, 1835-1937, German agriculturalist. Professor of plant diseases, Halle. Took part in German expedition to New Guinea, 1886-7. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

HOLMES, Edward Morell, 1843-1930, British pharmaceutical botanist and algologist. Curator of the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1872-1922 [TL2].

HOLTZE, Moritz Wilhelm [Maurice William], 1840-1923, botanist. Born in Hanover. Studied botany and horticulture in the royal gardens at Hanover and St Petersburg. Went to Australia in 1872. Curator, Darwin Botanic Garden, 1878-91; Adelaide Botanic Garden, 1891-1917. FLS, 1888. Father of Nicholas and Waldemar Holtze [ADB, Desmond]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Calochilus holtzei, Clerodendron holtzei, Eugenia holtzei, Eulophia holtzei, Habenaria holtzei, Hibbertia holtzei, Holtzea, Polyalthia holtzeana, Sida holtzei, Sterculia holtzei, Trichosanthes holtzei, Utricularia holtzei, Uvaria holtzei.

HOLTZE, Nicolas [Nicholas], 1868-1913, gardener and botanical collector. Son of Moritz HOLTZE. Born in Russia. Went to Australia with his family in 1872. Curator, Darwin Botanic Garden, 1891-1913 [Desmond]. Plant contributor to the Melboune Herbarium. Aristolochia holtzei, Habenaria holtzei, Sida hottzei, Sterculia Holtzei, Utricularia holtzei.

HOOKER, Brian Harvey Hodgson, 1860-1932, mine manager. Third son of Sir Joseph Hooker [Allan, 1967]. Met M at Melbourne in 1885. Worked at mines in Vic, Qld, NZ and WA.

HOOKER, Frances. See Frances Harriet Henslow.

HOOKER, Joseph Dalton, 1817-1911, botanist, explorer. Son of William Hooker. MD, 1839. On the Ross expedition to the Antarctic, 1839-43. In India, 1847-51. Assistant Director of the Kew Botanic Garden, England from 1855; Director from 1865. FLS, 1842; FRS, 1847. CB, 1869; KCSI, 1878; KGSI, 1897; OM, 1907 [ADB]. Alsomitra hookeri, Leptinella hookeri, Styphelia hookeri.

HOOKER, Maria. See Maria Turner.

HOOKER, Reginald, 1867-1944, British statistician. Fourth son of Joseph HOOKER. Educated at Paris (B-ès-Sc) and Cambridge. Assistant in Intelligence Department of the Board of Agriculture; later head of its statistics branch [Allan (1967)].

HOOKER, Sophie. See Sophie Willan.

HOOKER, William Jackson, 1785-1865, botanist. Born in England. FLS, 1806. Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow. LLD (Glasgow), 1820; DCL (Oxford), 1845. Knighted in 1836. Director of the Kew Botanic Garden, England from 1841. Helped establish botanic gardens in the colonies. Founded the first Museum of Economic Botany in 1847 [DNB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Bauhinia hookeri, Cryptandra hookeri, Eriostemon hookeri, Keraudrenia hookeri, Nematophyllum hookeri, Trachycaryon hookeri.

HOPE, John Adrian Louis [seventh Earl of Hopetoun; first marquis of Linlithgow] (1860-1908). Politician and colonial governor. Born Linlithgow, Scotland, succeeded to earldom 1873. Passed out Royal Military College, Sandhurst 1879. House of Lords: junior government positions 1883-9, Paymaster-general 1895-8. Governor of Victoria 1889-95; Controversial first Governor-General of Australia 1901, asked to be recalled 1902. Marquis of Linlithgow 1902. GCMG 1889, Knight of the Thistle, GCVO 1900. [ ADB , ODNB ]

HOPPE, David Heinrich, 1760-1846, German botanist. Trained as a pharmacist at Celle, 1775-80. Joined a pharmacy at Regensburg, 1786. Founder of the botanical society at Regensburg. Teacher at the lyceum and examiner in pharmacy, 1803-25. One of the founders of the journal Flora [NDB].

HÖRNES, Moriz, 1815-68, geologist, palaeontologist. Born in Austria. Assistant, later curator of the Mineralogical Museum in Vienna [All.DB].

HORSFIELD, Thomas, 1773-1859, zoologist, botanist. DrMed (Philadelphia), 1798. Naturalist in Batavia (Java), 1800-18. From 1820 the Keeper of the East India Company Museum in London [TL2].

HOTHAM, Charles, 1806-55, naval officer, governor. Born in England. KCB, 1846. Served in Africa and Paraguay before becoming Lieut Governor of Vic. in 1854; Governor,1855. Died in Vic. [ADB].

HOUGH, Franklin Benjamin, 1822-85, American forester. Educated at Union College, Schenectady (BA, 1843) and Western Reserve Medical College (MD, 1848). Physician at Somerville, New York, 1848-52. Directed State censuses, New York, 1855, 1865; District of Columbia, 1867; US census, 1870. Forestry agent, US Department of Agriculture from 1876 [ANB].

HOWARD, John Eliot, 1807-83, naturalist. Born and worked in England. FLS, 1857; FRS, 1874. Expert on quinine [Desmond].

HOWITT, Alfred William, 1830-1908, explorer and anthropologist. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1852, becoming a skilled bushman and ardent naturalist. Led exploring expeditions to the Lake Eyre region in SA and in the Victorian Alps, and the Burke and Wills Relief Expedition in 1861. Police magistrate in Gippsland, Vic. from 1863. Member of the Vic. Public Service Board, 1895-1902. Made important contributions to Gippsland geology and botany, and fundamental contributions to knowledge of the Aboriginal peoples of southeastern Aust. [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B61.02.01, B69.07.03]. Acacia howittii, Eucalyptus howittiana, Howittia, Zygophyllum howittii.

HOWITT, Godfrey, 1800-73, physician, natural scientist. Born in Scotland. Went to the Port Phillip district in 1840. President and Honorary Physician of the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum from 1847. University of Melbourne Councillor, 1853-71. Member of the Port Phillip Medical Association. FRS (Vic) [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Howittia trilocularis.

HÜBBE, Samuel Grau (1848-1900). Bushman, explorer. Born Macclesfield, SA; worked on construction of Overland Telegraph Line from Adelaide to Darwin, 1870. In Central Australia, 1874-6. Inspector of Rabbit Districts, SA, 1880s. Leader of SA Government Expedition to find a suitable stock route between Oodnadatta, SA, and Coolgardie, WA, 1895-6. Active in volunteer military forces from 1864; appointed commander, with rank of Captain, South Australian Bushmen 1900; killed in action, South Africa. Son of Ulrich Hübbe. [ Chr o nicle (Adelaide), 2 March 1900, p. 19; various Australian newspapers]

HÜBBE, Ulrich (1805-1892). Lawyer, land agent, interpreter. Born Hamburg, Germany; studied law at Jena and Berlin 1826-30, Kiel doctorate in civil and church law 1837. To SA 1842; failed property speculation, insolvent 1843. Opened schools 1847, 1851; taught languages in Adelaide from 1855. Advocated Hanseatic land registration system; involved in creation of ‘Torrens title’ land registration system in SA. Government German interpreter 1857-66. Father of Samuel Grau Hübbe. [ A D B ]

HUDDLESTONE, Fortescue Francis Croft, 1846-1922 New Zealand surveyor. Ranger in Mt Cook area, 1884-94 [Website rootsweb.com/~nzl/scant/artists.htm (March 2004)].

HÜGEL [Huegel], Karl Alexander Anselm von, 1795-1870, traveller, diplomat. Collected in Australasia, 1830-7. In Vienna, 1837-49. Ambassador to Florence, 1849-59, and to Brussels, 1860-9 [TL2]. Aster huegel ii.

HUMBOLDT, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von, 1769-1859, natural scientist. Born in Berlin. Travelled extensively including an epic tour through the Spanish colonies of South America, 1799-1804. Achieved a comprehensive view of nature rather than any great discovery. Hugely influential on young scientists including M [DSB].

HUME, Andrew, 1832-74, bushman. Born in England. Went with his family to NSW in 1837. His claim in 1871 that a decade earlier, while exploring far to the west of Cooper’s Creek, he had met a white man living with the Aborigines, prompted new searches for possible survivors of Ludwig Leichhardt’s expedition. Died during the course of one of them [Perrin (1991)].

HUME, Mary Bozzam, 1838-1915. Married Robert Kennedy, 1858. Grevillea kennedyana. [VBOT].

HUNTER, George Ackland [also as George Acland] (c.1858-1917)? Pharmacist. In Albany WA as manager of pharmacy 1890-9; registered pharmacist: WA 1893, NSW 1903. [WA and NSW Government Gazettes; various Australian newspapers; Waverley Cemetery NSW records]

HUSSEY, Jessie Louisa [Louise], 1862-99, botanical collector. Born in SA. Collected marine algae and land plants in SA for M and J. Agardh [Desmond]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

HUXLEY, Thomas Henry, 1825-95, English naturalist. ‘Darwin’s bulldog’. Assistant surgeon and naturalist in HMS Rattlesnake in Australian waters, 1846-50. Professor of natural history at the Royal School of Mines, London, 1854-85. FRS, 1851; PRS, 1883-5 [DSB].

HYNDMAN, William, 1822-83. Gardener. Born Scotland, Herbarium assistant Trinity College, Dublin; arrived Melbourne 1855, at Melbourne Botanic Gardens by 1856; gardener at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne City Corporation 1859-70; established nursery North Fitzroy. Member of the Horticultural Society of Victoria. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. [Aitken & Looker (2002)]

I

IFFLA, Solomon, surgeon. FRS (Vic.) [Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria (1861)]. Plant/seed donor to the Botanic Garden, Melbourne [B57.09.01]. Flindersia ifflaiana.

INGHAM, William Bairstow, 1850-78, trader and government agent. Born in England. Went to Tas, 1873, and to north Qld, 1874. Government agent at Port Moresby, New Guinea, 1877-8 [ADB].

IRVINE, Jemima France. See Jemima Burn.

IRVING, Martin Howy, 1831-1912, teacher, civil servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1856 as Professor of Greek and Latin Classics with Ancient History at the University of Melbourne. Vice Chancellor, 1887-9. Headmaster of Wesley College from 1871. Bought the Hawthorn Grammar School in 1875 [ADB]. FRS (Vic.) [Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria (1861)]. Irvingia australiana.

ITALY, King of. See VITTORIO EMANUELE II.

IVEY, William Edward, 1838-92, agricultural scientist. Born in Tas. Educated at Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, England. Chemist, Vic Department of Agriculture, and later superintendent of experimental farm reserves, 1874-8. Director, Lincoln College, NZ, 1878-92 [DNZB].

J

JACKSON, Benjamin Daydon, 1846-1927, English botanist. FLS, 1868. Botanical Secretary, Linnean Society, 1880-1902; General Secretary, 1902-26. Editor, Index Kewensis [Desmond].

JACKSON, Charles Loring, 1847-1935, American chemist. Educated at Harvard University (AM, 1870), Heidelberg and Berlin. Assistant, later professor of chemistry, Harvard University, 1871-1911 [WWA].

JACOBY, Sigismund (1837-1917). Merchant, publican. Born Thorn, Prussia, (now Toruń, Poland); in New Zealand c.1860, partner in Moeller, Jacoby & Co., Wellington drapers, dissolved 1866. Arrived Victoria 1866, operated as draper Hamilton, councillor and Mayor; to Melbourne c.1880, licensee Port Phillip Club Hotel, later of Esplanade Hotel in St Kilda. Member St Kilda council 1888-1914, mayor four times; foundation member Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works 1891, retiring 1914. Naturalized 1878. [ A r gus (Melbourne), 17 September 1917, p. 6; various Victorian and New Zealand newspapers; National Archives of Australia (index): NAA: A712, 1878/O7309]

JACQUEME-BONNEFONT, André Marius. (1822-1886). Horticulturalist, arborist. Born Annonay (Ardeche), France; studied at Jardin des Plantes, Paris; returned to family firm, taking control on father’s death 1849. [ Lyon-horticole , vol. 8 (1886), pp. 503-4]

JACQUIN, Nikolaus Josef, 1727-1817, botanist. Born in the Austrian Netherlands. Studied medicine at Paris and Vienna. Natural history expedition to the West Indies and South America, 1754-9. Professor of chemistry at Schemnitz, Hungary, 1753-8; Vienna 1768-96. Created baron, 1806. Prolific author on chemical and botanical subjects [DSB].

JAMES, John Stanley, 1843-96, writer. Born in England. Became a journalist with limited success. Went to America in 1872 and changed his name to Julian Thomas. Went to Australia in 1875, travelling widely in eastern states. Achieved a successful career, using the alias ‘The Vagabond’ [ADB].

JAMIESON, Hugh, c1817-1887, Grazier, magistrate, entrepreneur. In Australia by 1840 when granted licence to graze outside settled area; Established “Mildura” station 1847; appointed Magistrate for Victoria 1853; appointed JP for Province of South Australia, July 1856; active in promoting river boat trade on the Murray-Darling; returned to England by c.1868; sold Australian interests in 1874.

JAUBERT, Hippolyte-François, comte de, 1798-1874, French politician and botanist. Member of the French Chamber of Deputies and Minister of Public Works, 1831-42. One of the founders of the Société botanique de France [TL2].

JEFFERSON, E. (fl. 1880). Of Fernshaw, Vic. Not further identified.

JEPHCOTT, Edwin, 1823-1911, pastoralist. Born in England. Went to Brisbane, 1861, working at the Botanic Garden. Settled at Ournie, NSW, 1864, where he established an arboretum [J. Willis et al. (1986)].

JESSEN, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1821-89, botanist. DrPhil (Kiel), 1848. Professor of Botany at the Agricultural College of Eldena and at the University of Greifswald, 1852-77. In Berlin from 1877 [TL2]. Donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B58.11.02]. Helipterum jesseni .

JESSEN, Peter (1793-1875). Psychiatrist. Born Flensburg, Germany; studied medicine in Berlin, Göttingen and Kiel; prepared for role in new Schleswig mental hospital by working in England and Sonnenstein asylum, Pirna, Germany; resigned directorship 1845, founding private insane asylum near Kiel. Titular professor, Kiel 1833; active in promoting physiological approach to psychology and psychiatry. Father of Carl Jessen, Willers Jessen. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

JOCHMUS VON CATIGNOLA, August von, 1808-81, soldier. Born in Germany. Studied military science in Paris, 1827. Served in Greece from 1827; in War Ministry, 1832. Went to England in 1835 and served in Spain; brigadier-general, 1837. Returned to England, 1838. Chief of the General Staff, Turkish-English-Austrian army, 1840. Briefly Minister of Marine and Foreign Affairs, Austria, 1849, but then retired to private life. Travelled extensively. Created Baron, 1866 [DBE].

JOHNSON, Benjamin, c1823-?, and Stephen, 1825-1901, nurserymen. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1853. Established a nursery at Thomastown, with retail outlets in the city [Aitken & Looker (2002)]. Eugenia johnsoni, Haplostichanthus johnsoni, Schistocarpaea johnsoni.

JOHNSON, Henry. Master of the band of the 40th Regiment, Melbourne [B58.11.02; Argus, 21 January 1861, p. 5].

JOHNSON, Sidney, fl. 1880s-90s, schoolteacher. At Meredith, Vic., 1883-4; at Portland, Vic., 1895. Collected extensively in the Brisbane Ranges, Vic [VBOT]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

JOHNSON, William, 1825-87, chemist. Went to Melbourne in the 1850s. Employed by Victorian government to analyse water of Yan Yean reservoir, 1858; appointed government analyst, 1886; member of Royal Commission on noxious trades, 1879. Foundation member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria; member of the Board of Pharmacy [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Thryptomene johnsonii.

JOHNSTON, John Forster (1848-1935). Farmer and grazier. Born Bunbury, WA; managed Leschenault dairy farm for his uncle, W. Pearce Clifton, later purchasing it. Active in local government including chairman, Bunbury Road board, and in local agricultural society. JP 1871; Freemason; Anglican lay reader. [ South West e rn times (Bunbury), 22 May 1935, p. 3; Bicentennial Dictio n ary of Western Australians pre 1829-1888 , p. 1652]

JOHNSTON, Robert Mackenzie, 1844-1918, public servant, geologist, palaeobotanist and statistician. Born in Scotland. Went to Vic in 1870, later to Tas. Registrar-General and Government Statistician, Tas., 1881. Wrote on palaeontology, geology, zoology and botany. FLS 1879, FRGS. ISO, 1903 [ADB]. Araucaria johnsonii.

JONES, D. (fl. 1881). Not further identified.

JONES, D[avi]d (fl. 1879). Not further identified.

JONES, Oliver Llewellyn, 1849-1933, policeman. Born at Guildford, WA. Member of WA Police Force 1872-84. Accompanied M on his travels in WA [Hall (1984)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

JOUBERT, Jules François de Sales (1824-1907). Adventurer and entrepreneur. Born Angoulême, Charente, France; in Sydney 1839, returned and settled 1841. Chancellor at French consulate 1841, resigned 1848. To SA 1849, Victorian goldfields 1852. Housing developer Hunters Hill, NSW from c.1855; insolvent 1866. Secretary Agricultural Society of NSW 1867, dismissed 1879; active in organization and management of c.50 exhibitions in Australasian colonies, finally Coolgardie WA 1899; in India organising the Calcutta Exhibition 1882-3. Theatrical agent and theatre builder in Melbourne c.1885, insolvent 1887. [ ADB , various Australian and New Zealand newspapers]

JUDD, John Wesley, 1840-1916, English geologist. Educated at Royal School of Mines. With Geological Survey of England and Wales, 1867-70. Professor of Geology, Royal College of Science, London, 1876-1905. FRS, 1877. CB, 1895 [WW].

JUSSIEU, Adrien Henri Laurent de, 1797-1853, botanist. Born in Paris. Professor of botany at the Museum of Natural History, Paris (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle) from 1826 [DSB].

JUSSIEU, Antoine Laurent De, 1748-1836, French botanist. Nephew of B. DE Jussieu, father of A. H. L. De Jussieu. Assistant at King’s Garden (Jardin du Roi), Paris, 1770-93; professor at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, 1793-1826. An early promoter of the ‘natural system’ of botanical classification [DSB].

JUSSIEU, Bernard De, 1699-1777, French botanist. Assistant at King’s Garden (Jardin du Roi), Paris, 1722-77. Developed the Trianon garden, Versailles, as a demonstration of the ‘natural system’ of botanical classification [DSB].

JUST, Leopold J., 1841-91, German botanist. Studied plant physiology at Breslau (DrPhil, 1870). Worked at various mines and metallurgical works in Upper Silesia, 1870-2. Professor of botany, Technical High School (Technische Hochschule), Karlsruhe, from 1877. Founded the Botanical Institure, Karlsruhe. Editor of Botanischer Jahresbericht from 1873 [DBE].

K

KABAT, Leopold, 1824-84, police officer. Born in Galicia. Officer in the Hungarian revolutionary army, 1848-9, rising to rank of Captain. In Constantinople, 1850-1. Went to Melbourne in 1852 and joined the police, eventually becoming the third most senior officer [Paszkowski (1987)].

KALAKAUA, King of Hawaii, reigned 1874-93 [Everyman’s Encyclopaedia (1949-50)].

KALCHBRENNER, Károly (1807–1886). Clergyman, mycologist. Born Pöttelsdorf, Austria. Studied Halle, priest at Wallendor (now Spišské Vlachy), northeast Slovakia. Began mycological investigations at Zips (now Spiš). but extended interests to Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. Collaborated widely, including M. C. Cooke, publishing in his journal. Hungarian Academy of Sciences: corresponding member 1864, full member 1872; Linnean Society of New South Wales, corresponding member 1882. [Magyar Eletrajzi Lexikon 1000–1900; Mai d en (1908a), pp. 71-2, as Kalckbrenner]

KAMIEŃSKI [sometimes erroneously KAMIÉNSKI], Franciszek (1851-1912). Botanist. Born Lubin, Poland. Studied Warsaw 1870-1, Doctorate Strassburg 1875. Associate professor, Lviv, 1877, St Petersburg 1883-86; Professor, University of Odessa, 1886-1912 and director of Botanic Garden from 1893. Plant anatomist, especially of Primulaceae and Utricularia; discovered associations between plant roots and fungi (mycorrhiza). [ Zieliński (1933), pp. 202-3; Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift , (1912) vol. 62, p. 399]

KARL I (Karl Friedrich Alexander) (1823–1891), King of Württemberg. Born Stuttgart. Succeeded Wilhelm I, June 1864. Succeeded by his nephew Wilhelm II. Married Grand Duchess Olga of Russia 1846. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

KARSTEN, Herman Rudolf Jakob, 1801-82, German church official. Born at Rostock. Deacon at St Mary’s Church, Rostock, 1828-48; church superintendent at Doberan, 1848-50; at Schwerin, 1850-6; pastor to the administration of nursing and the insane, Schwerin, while retaining the rank of Superintendent, 1857-80 [Rostock city archives]. M employed his great-nephew as a collector.

KATZENSTEIN, Joseph Herbert (c.1826-1901). Merchant. Born Cassel, Hesse; arrived Vic c.1853, naturalized 1856. Trading as J. Katzenstein and Co. in partnership with William Neustetel, dissolved July 1862, subsequently with Isaac Katzenstein (relationship unknown), insolvent 1865; again trading by 1866; later (perhaps as sole trader) as wine and spirit merchant, insolvent 1894. Branch established in Otago, NZ managed by J. Katzenstein Jr 1862-c.1867 (relationship not known, but Joseph Herbert Katzenstein reported to have died without issue). [Vic death certificate 14581/1901; Victoria Government Gazette notices; various Australian and NZ newspapers]

KAY, Joseph Henry, 1815-75, naval officer, geophysicist. Born in London. Served in Terror on a voyage of magnetic research led by J. C. Ross in the southern hemisphere. Director of the Magnetic Observatory, Hobart, 1840-53. Clerk to the Executive Council, Vic. from 1854. FRS (Tas.); FRS, 1846 [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

KECK, Karl (1825–1894). Printer, publisher, botanist. Born Vienna, Austria. Took over father’s printer and publisher business in Vienna 1848-54. Retired to devote himself to botany at Schwertberg, later Aistersheim; traded herbaria internationally. [ Stapfia , 110 (2019), 43; Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 4(9) (1873), 42 ]

KEEP, Henry Francis (c.1863-1905). Commission agent, politician. Born Woolaston, Northamptonshire; articled clerk by 1881. In Australia by 1885 when member of party to explore pastoral prospects Cambridge Gulf area WA. In Wyndham WA as agent 1887-9, member East Kimberley Road Board 1888. Acting Government Resident North District 1891-2, JP. MLA, Pilbarra district 1894-7. In Fremantle from 1898. [Various Australian newspapers; England Census 1871, 1881 England and Wales Birth index]

KEFERSTEIN, Wilhelm Moritz, 1833-70, German zoologist. Professor of zoology at Göttingen from 1855 [All.DB].

KELTIE, John Scott, 1840-1927, Scottish geographer. Editor with Macmillan publishers from 1871. Librarian and later secretary, RGS, London, 1885-1915. Editor, Statesman’s yearbook, 1884-1927; editor, Geographical journal, 1893-1917. Knighted, 1918 [DNB].

KELVIN, LORD. See William Thomson.

KEMP, Elizabeth von. See Elizabeth Krichauff.

KEMPE, Friedrich Adolf Hermann, 1844-1929, Lutheran missionary. Born in Germany. Went to SA, 1875. A founder of the Hermannsburg Mission, NT, 1877 [Hall (1984)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Acacia kempeana, Calotis kempei, Commerconia kempeana, Helichrysum kempei, Justicia kempeana, Millotia kempei.

KENDERDINE, Robert Stockton (1831-1882). Physician and surgeon. Born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA; graduated University of Pennsylvania; resident physician, Episcopal Hospital Philadelphia; Surgeon-in-chief Volunteer hospital during American Civil War. Active member and curator, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , vol. 34, 1883, p. 100; Lancaster Daily Intelligencer, 28 March 1882, p. [2]]

KENNEDY, Mary Bozzam. See Mary Bozzam Hume.

KEPPEL, Walter D. P . (c.1860-1895). Trade agent, entrepreneur. Born England (?); in Samoa by 1892 as agent for a land syndicate; enthusiastic promotor of acclimatization to establish plantation-based export industries; supported foundation of Agricultural Society. Promoter of other enterprises. Suicide San Francisco USA. [California, county birth, marriage, and death records, 1830-1980: Mortuary record of City and County of San Francisco; ‘Took poison and died’, Samoa Times and South Sea Advertiser , 8 February 1896, p. 3; various Samoan and Californian newspapers]

KERNER VON MARILAUN, Anton Joseph, 1831-98, Austrian botanist. DrMed, Vienna, 1854. High school teacher Budapest 1855-8; at the Polytechnic, 1858-60. Director, Innsbruck Botanic Garden, 1860-78; Vienna Botanic Garden, 1878-98 [TL2].

KERNOT, William Charles, 1845-1909, engineer and educationist. Born in England. Went to Geelong, Vic., with his family in 1851. Educated at the University of Melbourne (BA, 1864; MA, 1866). In Vic government service, 1865-75. Professor of engineering, Melbourne, 1883-1909. President, Royal Society of Vic., 1885-1900 [ADB]. Aster kernotii.

KIERNANDER, John Charles (1843-1913). Horticulturalist. Born Calcutta, India, gardens superintendent Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India; arrived Melbourne 1884; established florist business Port Melbourne. Self-described liberal protectionist and prolific and controversial contributor to the press, especially South Melbourne Standard. Published Roll Call, a ‘bi-monthly penny publication’, but appears to have issued only one volume 1893; death notices describe him as ‘journalist’. [Vic Inward Overseas Passenger Lists May-July 1884; Vic inquest deposition files 1913/243; various Victorian newspapers]

KIESER, Dietrich Georg von (1779–1862). Physician, psychiatrist. Born Harberg an der Elbe, Germany. Studied medicine Göttingen 1801-4; urban and rural practice; appointed associate Professor Jena 1812. Member of Parliament Saxe-Weimar 1837-48, vice-president 1844-8. Leopoldina: member 1816, president 1858-62. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

KILLEN, James Joseph (1845-1909). Public servant. Born Darlington, Vic. Vic Public service: Receiver and Paymasters office, Geelong 1865; clerk, later chief clerk (accountant) Finance Section, Chief Secretary’s Department 1869-1907. [Vic Blue books; Vic death certificate 8091/1909; Advocate (Melbourne), 13 July 1907, p. 16]

KILNER, Frederick c.1837-1920. Civil servant. Shipping officer and officer of customs in Queensland. retired, 1903. Contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Collected algae for M. Ochrosia kilneri.

KING, Eliza. See Eliza Elflida Milner.

KING, George, 1840-1909, British botanist. MB, Aberdeen, 1865. Superintendent of Calcutta Botanic Garden and responsible for cinchona cultivation in Bengal, 1871-98. Director, Botanical Survey of India, 1891-8 [TL2].

KING, Georgina, 1845-1932, anthropologist and geologist. Born in WA. Went to Sydney in 1847. Wrote extensively on geological and anthropological subjects [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

KING, Henry Sandford, 1862-1931, public servant and surveyor. Born In Vic. Educated in Geelong and Melbourne. Joined WA Lands Department, 1884. Led surveying operations in WA, 1885. Surveyor-general, WA, 1918-23 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Stemodia kingii.

KING, Joseph, 1839-1923, Congregational minister. Born in England. Became a missionary of the London Missionary Society in 1860. Went to Melbourne in 1863, then to Samoa. Returned to England in 1872, but went again to Melbourne in 1874 as minister at Sandhurst (Bendigo), 1874-81, and at South Melbourne, 1881-9 [ADB].

KING, Mark Last, 1809-79, actor, auctioneer and politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1838. Associated with George Coppin. MLA, Vic., 1859-61, 1864-74, 1875-9 [Thomson & Serle].

KING, Philip Gidley (1817-1904). Pastoral station manager, politician. Born Parramatta, NSW. Educated in England. Midshipman in HMS Beagle 1831-5, where became friend of Charles Darwin. Returned to Sydney 1836. Obtained pastoral experience on stations in Murrumbidgee and Port Phillip Districts 1837-40. Manager for Australian Agricultural Co. 1842-80 in NSW, based at Stroud (1842-51), ‘Goonoo Goonoo’. near Tamworth, (1851-c.1881. Commissioner for the Sydney International Exhibition, 1879; Trustee Australian Museum, Sydney, 1881-1904. Member, sometime President, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. JP 1851.First Mayor Tamworth 1876, re-elected annually for four further terms. Appointed member NSW Legislative Council, 1880. [ ADB ; various issues Australian newspapers]

KING, Robert Lethbridge, 1823-97, Anglican clergyman. BA (Cambridge), 1846. Incumbent of St John’s, Parramatta from 1855. Principal of Moore Theological College from 1868. Archdeacon of Cumberland, NSW from 1881 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden. [B58.11.02].

KIPPIST, Richard, 1812-82, librarian. Born in England. ALS, 1842. Librarian of the Linnean Society, 1842-80 [Desmond]. Kippistia suaedifolia.

KIRCHHOFF, Karl Reinhold Alfred, 1838-1907, geographer. Studied at Jena and Bonn (PhD, 1861). Teacher in Berlin, 1865-73. Professor of Geography at Halle, 1873-1904 [Univ. Halle archives].

KIRK, Thomas, 1828-98, botanist. Born in England. Went to NZ in 1862. Curator of the Auckland Institute, 1868-73. Lecturer in natural sciences, Wellington College, 1874-80; Lincoln College, Canterbury, 1881-4. Chief Conservator of Forests, 1885-7. FLS, 1871 [DNZB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

KITTEL, Baldwin Martin, 1798-1885, German naturalist. Rector of Agricultural and Trade School (Landwirthschafts- und Gewerbsschule) at Aschaffenburg, 1834-69 [TL2].

KJELLMAN, Frans Reinhold, 1846-1907, Swedish botanist. Educated at Uppsala (DrPhil, 1872). Collected in Spitzbergen, 1872-3; Novaya Zemlya, 1875. Botanist with NORDENSKIÖLD on the Vega expedition, 1878-80. Professor of Botany, Uppsala, 1883-1907 [TL2].

KLETT, Johann Friedrich Hinrich Dethloff Theodor (1808–1882). Gardener, garden designer. Studied horticulture Berlin. Mecklenburg-Schwerin Court Gardens: head gardener c.1830, succeeded father as Court gardener 1835; redesigned court gardens Ludwigslust, Schwerin and elsewhere; designed many private gardens Mecklenberg, Holstein, Pomerania. [ Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung , 7 (1883), 353–4]

KLOTZSCH, Johann Friedrich, 1805-60, botanist, mycologist. Curator of the Berlin Herbarium, 1833-

KNOBLAUCH, Karl Hermann, 1820-95, German physicist. Professor of physics at Halle [Poggendorff].

KOCH, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph, 1771-1849, physician, botanist. DrMed (Giessen), 1794. Professor of Botany at Erlangen, Bavaria, from 1824 [TL2].

KOEHNE, Bernhard Adalbert Emil (1848-1918). Botanist and dendrologist. Born Sasterhausen bei Striegau, Silesia (now Zastruże, Poland); studied in Berlin, microscopy with Kny; doctorate 1869. Military service 1859-60. Taught in Berlin: Friedrich-Werderschen Gewerbschule 1872-80, Falk-Realgymnasium 1880-1913, title of Professor 1891. A founder of Deutsche botanische Gesellschaft. [ Harms (1918)]

KOENIG, Johann Gerhard, 1728-85, Baltic-German physicist and physician. In Denmark, 1759-67; from 1767 in India, Siam, Malacca and Ceylon as missionary and collector [TL2].

KÖLLICHER, Rudolph Albert Von, 1817-1905, anatomist and botanist. Born in Switzerland. DrPhil, Zürich, 1841; MD, Heidelberg, 1842. Professor of anatomy, Heidelberg, 1844-7; Würzburg from 1847 [TL2].

KOOPMANN, Ferdinand Christian Johannes (c.1822–1871). School teacher. Born Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Taught girls school, Tönning to c.1868, then girls school Altona. Husband of Marie Louise Helene née Mertens. [ Altona Nachrichten , 12 April 1871, p. 4]

KOOPMANN, Marie Louise Helene née Mertens (c1834–1889). Born Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Daughter of Johann Ferdinand Mertens; wife of Ferdinand Christian Johannes Koopmann; Mueller's cousin. [ Hamburger Correspondent

KÖRNER, Karl Theodor, 1791-1813, German poet. Studied at mining school, Freiberg, 1808-10, and at Leipzig and Vienna. Killed while fighting with the Prussian army against the French [DBE].

KOTSCHY, Carl Georg Theodor, 1813-66, Austrian botanist. Botanical explorer in western Asia, 1835-43. Assistant at the herbarium, Vienna Natural History Museum, 1847-52; curator, 1852-66 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

KRAUSE, Gustav Friedrich (1821–1895). Gardener. Born Hirschberg, Lower Silesia, Germany. Assistant court gardener Potsdam and student at Horticultural School c.1839-1846, interrupted by military service; assistant gardener Royal Gardens Dresden 1846-7, 1851-3; managed commercial nursery 1847-51; royal gardens inspector 1853-65; director Saxony royal gardens 1865-. Active in horticultural and landscape garden organizations. Decorations included Knight's Cross first class, Royal Saxon Order of Albrech, and Prussian Red Eagle Order fourth class. [ Sächsische Biografie ; Zeitschrift für Gartenbau und Gartenkunst , vol. 13 (1895), p. 415]

KRAUSS, Christian Ferdinand Friedrich von, 1812-91, German naturalist. DrPhil Heidelberg, 1836. Collected in South Africa, 1838-40. On the staff of the Natural History Museum at Stuttgart, 1840-90; curator of biology department, 1856; director, 1870. Granted ‘von’, 1869 [Gunn & Codd (1981), TL2].

KREFFT, Annie. See Annie McPhail.

KREFFT, Johann Ludwig Gerard, 1830-81, naturalist. Born in Braunschweig, Germany. Went to USA in 1850, then to Vic. in 1852. Worked on goldfields until 1857. A member of Wilhelm Blandowski’s expedition to the Lower Murray and Darling Rivers, 1857, and was then employed by the Natural History Museum in Melbourne to catalogue the collections. Visited Germany in 1858. Assistant curator, Aust. Museum, Sydney, 1860-4; curator, 1864-74 [ADB].

KREMPELHUBER, August von, 1813-82, German lichenologist and forester. Head of the Bavarian forest service, Munich [TL2]. M sent specimens to him.

KRICHAUFF, Dorothea. See Dorothea Fischer.

KRICHAUFF, Elizabeth, sister of Friedrich KRICHAUFF. Married Reinhard von Kemp, burgomaster at Husum. Pentatropis kempeana.

KRICHAUFF, Friedrich Eduard Heinrich Wulf, 1824-1904, politician. M’s boyhood friend. Studied horticulture at the University of Kiel. Went to Adelaide in 1848 on M’s advice. Purchased land in the Bugle Ranges, SA with M. Continued farming after M’s return to Adelaide. Married Dorothea Fischer in 1853. MLA, 1857-93 [ADB, B92.13.07]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Hibiscus krichauffianus.

KRISTENSEN, Leonard, Norwegian ship’s captain. Commander, whaling ship Antarctic. Made first landing on the Antarctic continent, 1895 [Proceedings RGSA (Vic), 1895].

KRONECKER, Franz Eduard Paul (1856-1919). Physician, traveller. Born Berlin, Germany. Travelled the world from 1892-c.1896; including Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, Java, published medical and geographic accounts. [Baptismal and death registers; various Australian, New Zealand and American newspapers, Kro n ecker (1897), Kro n ecker (1898)]

KRUSE, John, 1822-95, pharmacist. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria, 1857. A founder of and lecturer at the Victorian College of Pharmacy [Australian journal of pharmacy (1895) pp. 326-27]. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein). Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Eucalyptus kruseana .

KUCKUCK, Ernst Hermann Paul, 1866-1918, German algologist. DrPhil, Kiel, 1891. With Reinke at Kiel, 1888-92; at the Heligoland biological station, 1892-1914; at the Botanical Museum, Dahlem (Berlin), 1914-8 [TL2].

KUHN, Friedrich Adelbert Maximilian ( Max ) (1842–1894). School teacher, pteridologist. Born Berlin. Studied botany University of Berlin under Alexander Braun, Dr. phil. 1867; sometime assistant at Berlin Herbarium. Teacher Königlstadische Realschule (later Gymnasium) at Berlin 1870-93, title of Professor from 1889. Secretary of the Ethnological Society of Berlin 1871-85. [ Deutsche Biographie ; Zeitschrift für Ethnologie , vol. 26, p. 545 (1894); Ascherson (1895); TL2 ]

KUNTH, Carl Sigismund, 1788-1850, botanist. Worked on Alexander von Humboldt’s collections in Paris. Professor of Botany at the University of Berlin from 1829 [TL2].

KUNTZE, Carl Ernst Otto, 1843-1907, German botanist. DrPhil, Freiburg, 1878. Travelled around the world, 1874-6, 1904. Polemical nomenclatural reformer [TL2].

KUNZE, Gustav, 1793-1851, German botanist. Professor of botany and director of the botanic garden at Leipzig [TL2]

KUPFERBERG, Florian (1828–1885). Medical practitioner. Born Pfeddersheim near Mainz, Germany. Studied in Heidelberg and Giessen, MD 1854. Participated in uprising in Baden 1849, imprisoned, pardoned (some sources say escaped). Arrived Vic 1855; registered 1856 practising Castlemaine, then Eaglehawk 1858, honorary surgeon Maldon 1859-64. President Tarrengower Deutscher Verein. Returned to Germany 1864. [ AMPI ; Tarrengower times , 16 September 1864, p. 2; Alzeyer Zeitung , 18 June 1885, p. 3]

KURZ, Wilhelm Sulpiz, 1834-1878, German botanist. A pupil of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. At Buitenzorg (Bogor), Java, 1859-63. Curator of the herbarium at the Calcutta Botanic Garden from 1864 [TL2, Desmond]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B69.07.03].

KUSSMAUL, Christian Noah (1851-1916). Civil engineer. Born Bondorf, Württemberg, Germany; worked on German railways; to Victoria 1885, joined Victorian Railways, then Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works 1891-1915. Vice-President Deutscher Verein 1889, Naturalised 1897. Institution of Civil Engineers: Associate Member 1898, Member 1903. [ Minutes and proceedi n gs of the Institution of Civil Engineers , vol 202, p. 442 (1916); various Victorian newspapers; National Archives of Australia (index): NAA: A712, 1897/E5115]

KÜTZING [Kuetzing], Friedrich Traugott, 1807-93, botanist. At the University of Halle, 1832-3. In 1835 toured the Adriatic and Mediterranean seas to collect algae, funded by the Royal Prussian Academy. PhD (Marburg), 1837. Visited Wilhelm Sonder in 1839. Specialist in algae [DSB].

L

L’ECLUSE [L’ESCLUSE], Charles De. See Carolus Clusius.

LA MESLÉE, Edmond Marie Marin. See Edmond Marie Marin La Meslée.

LA TROBE BATEMAN, Edward. See Edward La Trobe Bateman.

LA TROBE, Charles Joseph, 1801-75, superintendent, lieutenant governor. Of Huguenot origin and Moravian faith. Superintendent of the Port Phillip District from 1839. Acting Lieut Governor of VDL for four months, 1846-7. Founded the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Lieut Governor, Vic., 1851-4 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Eremophila latrobei.

LA TROBE, Sophie. See Sophie de Montmollin.

LABILLARDIÈRE, Jacques Julien Houtton de, 1775-1834, naturalist. Born in France. MD (Paris). Joined Bruny d’Entrecasteaux’s expedition to search for La Pérouse, 1791. Imprisoned in Batavia (Java), 1793-5. His natural history collections were sent to England as war prizes but were later returned to the French government. Corresponding member of French Academy of Sciences (Académie Royale des Sciences), 1792 [ADB ‘La Billardière’].

LABITZKY [LABITZKI]. Bohemian family of musicians: Joseph (1802-1881), Wilhelm (1829-1871) and August (1832-1903) [Sadie (1980)].

LABOUCHERE, Henry, 1798-1869, politician. Secretary of State for the Colonies, Great Britain, 1855-8 [DNB].

LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine De Monet De, 1744-1829, French naturalist. Member of the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, from 1779. Botanist at the King’s Garden (Jardin du Roi), Paris, 1788-93; professor of invertebrate zoology, Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, 1793-1829. Developed theory of evolution through inheritance of acquired characteristics [DSB].

LAMBERT, Aylmer Bourke, 1761-1842, botanist. Born in England. FLS, 1788; FRS, 1791. Established a large herbarium and library [Desmond].

LAMONT, Eva Francis (1861-1945). Born Melbourne. In Qld by 1885 when collected at Springsure, later elsewhere in Qld. Married W. D. Bowkett 1889. Collections at MEL under both maiden and married names. [ Maroske & Vaughn (2014)]

LAMPERT, Kurt (1859–1918). Zoologist, museum curator. Born Ippesheim, Bavaria, Germany. Studied Erlangen, Munich PhD 1882; assistant Zoological Institute, University of Erlangen; assistant Natural History Museum Stuttgart 1883, succeeded Ferdinand Krauss as Director 1890-1918. [ Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg , vol. 74 (1918), pp. x–xxii]

LANDSBOROUGH, William, 1825-86, explorer. Born in Scotland. Went to NSW in 1841 and settled in the New England region. Became an expert bushman, exploring parts of central Qld. In 1861, led an expedition south from the Gulf of Carpentaria in search of Burke and Wills.Police magistrate at Burketown, Qld., 1865-70 [ADB] Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B63.05.01]. M correspondent.

LANG, Gideon Scott, 1819-80, pastoralist and explorer. Born in Scotland. Went to Port Phillip in 1841. Occupied Narmbool station near Buninyong, Vic. From 1850, had runs in the Riverina district in NSW. While exploring in southern Qld. in 1851, obtained information from Aborigines about the death of Ludwig Leichhardt, and tried to organize a search expedition. MLA, 1856-7 [ADB]. Sloanea langii .

LANG, Otto Friedrich, 1817-47, German botanist. Of Verden an der Aller, Hannover [TL2]. .

LANG, Thomas, 1815-96, nurseryman. Born at St Croix, West Indies and brought up in Scotland. Proprietor of a nursery at Kilmarnock. Went to Vic. in 1854. Built up a large nursery at Warrenheip, near Ballarat. Moved to Melbourne c1875 and took over the Cremorne Nursery, but sold this in 1880 [Aitken & Looker (2002)] Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B60.01.01, B61.02.01]. Parsonia langiana.

LANG, W. & Co., seedsmen. Of Castlemaine, Vic., from 1862.

LANGE, Johan Martin Christian, 1818-98, botanist. Librarian at the Copenhagen Botanic Garden, 1851-8. Part-time Director, 1856-76. Lecturer in botany at the Agricultural and Veterinary College, 1858-93. Professor of Botany at the Polytechnical University from 1860. DrPhil honoris causa (Uppsala), 1877 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

LANGRIDGE, George David, 1829-91, politician. Born in England. Went to NSW in 1853, then to Vic. Worked in Melbourne as a carpenter, later as an estate agent. Mayor of Collingwood, Melbourne, 1867 and 1872. MLA, 1874-91. Held various senior positions in government, being Chief Secretary, 1890, and acting Premier at the time of his death [ADB].

LARNACH, James Macdonald, 1837-87. Born In Scotland. Went to NSW, then Vic. Manager with Bank of Victoria, 1864-87. Founding member of the RGSA and a member of the Society’s Council [Proc. RGSA (Vic), v.4 (1886), p.113].

LAUTERER, Joseph, 1848-1911, surgeon. Born in Germany. MD. Surgeon in Franco-Prussian war. Went to NSW in 1885 and then settled in Qld. President, Royal Society of Qld, 1896. Interested in flora of Moreton Bay [Desmond].

LAW, William, 1822-?73, seedsman. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne c1850 and established a successful seed business in the city. Went into partnership with William Somner c1864 [Aitken & Looker (2002)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B60.01.01, B69.07.03].

LAWES, John Bennett, 1814-1900, English agricultural chemist. Educated at Oxford. Founded Rothamsted Experimental Station on his estate, 1843. FRS, 1854; Royal Medal, 1867. Created baronet, 1882 [DNB].

LAWES, William George, 1839-1907, English missionary. Joined London Missionary Society, 1858. In Niue 1861-72; New Guinea from 1874. Wrote first book in a Papuan language. Adviser to administrators of Papua. Retired to Sydney in 1906. FRGS [ADB]. Dendrobium lawesii, Didymocarpus lawesii .

LE CREN, Charles, 1831-89, public servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne, 1849, as a customs agent. Joined Vic. public service, 1858; Secretary, Department of Public Works, 1878-88 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

LE MOUAT, Jean Emmanuel Maurice, 1799-1877, French physician and botanist in Paris [TL2].

LE PATOUREL, Richard Frederick (c.1851-1900?). Colonial official and army officer. Born Sidbury, Devon, England; Commissioned Lieutenant, East Kent Regiment of Militia 1869-73, New Zealand Militia by 1874; Private Secretary and ADC to Marquis of Normanby as Governor of New Zealand 1874-8, Victoria 1879-84, described as Captain. Fellow, Royal Colonial Institute, London 1884. (There is some uncertainty about death date, as probate records of widow, d. 1902, show estate left to husband). [Various Australian, British and New Zealand newspapers; Marriage certificate, St Georges Hanover Square, London 1889]

LE SOUEF, Albert Alexander Cochrane, 1828-1902, zoo administrator. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1840. Overseer on various pastoral properties in northern Victoria. Usher of the Black Rod, Vic Legislative Council, 1863-93. Director of the Melbourne Zoological Gardens, 1882-1902 [ADB].

LEDGER, Charles, 1818-1905, adventurer. Born in London. Went to Peru in 1836. Smuggled alpacas across the Andes in 1858. Superintendent of alpacas, NSW, to 1862. Accused of misappropriating funds from the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Went to Chile in 1865. Smuggled out cinchona seeds. Returned to Australia in 1883 [ADB]. Ledgeria aphylla.

LEECH, Frederick William, second-in-command of Elder expedition to north-western Australia, 1891-2 [Feeken, Feeken & Spate (1970)].

LEHMANN, Johann Georg Christian, 1792-1860, botanist. Professor of Natural History and Director of the Hamburg Botanic Garden [TL2]. Billardiera lehmanniana.

LEICHHARDT, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig, 1813-48?, naturalist, explorer. Born in Trebatsch, Prussia. Went to Sydney in 1842. Led three exploring expeditions in northern Australia, 1844-8. Disappeared on last expedition. Geographical Society of Paris prize and RGS Patron’s Medal, 1847 [ADB]. Alsophila leichhardtiana, Anthocercis leichhardtii, Bauhinia leichhardtii, Chorozema leichhardtii, Eriostemon leichhardtii, Leichhardtiana clamboides, Livistona leichhardtii, Macropteranthes leichhardtii, Parsonia leichhardtii, Psoralea leichhardtii, Unona leichhardtii, Vitex leichhardtii.

LEICHHARDT, Raimond Hermann Ludwig Adolf Otto (1844–1886). School teacher. Born Trebatsch, Brandenburg, Germany. Nephew of Ludwig Leichhardt. [ Darragh (2018), p. 156, n. 10]

LEIGHTON, William Allport, 1805-89, British botanist. Anglican priest, but resigned to devote himself fully to botany. An expert on lichens [Desmond]. Donor of dried plants to the Melbourne Herbarium [B65.10.01].

LEINSTER, Duke of, see FitzGerald , Charles William.

LENDENFELD, Robert Ignaz Lendlmayr von, 1858-1913, Austrian phycologist and geologist. Educated at University of Graz; DrPhil in zoology. In Australia, 1881-5, studying invertebrate marine fauna. At University of Innsbruck, 1887-95; professor of zoology at German University, Prague, 1895-1913 [Tampke & Walker (1991)]. Veronica lendenfeldii.

LENNÉ, Karl [Charles], 1827-1910, seedsman. Arrived in Vic. c1856 and set up a nursery at Castlemaine. In partnership with F. HIRSCHI, c1857-61, and subsequently in his own business until at least 1872. Later moved to Bendigo and then Echuca where he had a vineyard and nursery [Aitken & Looker (2002)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden and Herbarium [B61.02.01, B69.07.03].

LENORMAND, Sébastien-René, 1796-1871, French botanist. Trained as a lawyer. Retired in 1835 to devote himself to botany [TL2].

LESSEPS, Ferdinand Marie, Comte de (1805-1894). Diplomat, engineer. Born Versailles, France. Diplomatic career: attaché, Lisbon 1825 followed by postings in Tunis, Egypt, Netherlands, Spain, retired c.1851. Obtained concession from Said Pasha to build Suez Canal 1854, commenced 1859, completed 1869. President Panama Canal Company 1879, beset with engineering and health difficulties, company liquidated 1889, de Lesseps and others tried and convicted for corrupt practices but decision overturned as prosecution out of time. Académie des Sciences, académicien libre 1873; Académie française, 1884; Société de Géographie, member 1864, president 1881-9. Légion d’honneur: Officier 1842, finally Grand-croix 1869. honorary Knight Grand Commander Order of Star of India 1870, Portuguese and Italian orders. Member of several foreign national academies. [ Dictionnaire de biographie contemporaine française et étrangère , p. 187-8; CTHS, Annuaire prosopographique ]

LÉVEILLÉ, Augustin Abel Hector, 1863-1918, French botanist and clergyman. At Pondicherry, 1887-92, later at Le Mans. Founder and director of the Monde des Plantes [TL2].

LEWELLIN, Augustus John Richard, medical practitioner. Son of J. H. H. and G. E. G. LEWELLIN. Educated at Melbourne (MB, 1873, ChB, 1879) [Medical Register (1882-92)].

LEWELLIN, John Henry Hill, 1818-86, medical practitioner. Born in India. Trained as a surgeon (MRCS, 1842). Went to Australia in 1852; registered as a medical practitioner in Vic, 1854 [www.medicalpioneers.com/cgi-bin/index (January, 2005)].

LEWIS, John, officer of Victorian Department of Crown Lands and Survey.

LHOTSKY, John [Jan], 1800-66, Austrian naturalist. Made botanical and zoological collections in Brazil, 1831-2. In Aust., 1832-8. Explored extensively in the Aust. Alps, 1834; later collected in VDL. Went to London in 1838 and sank into dire poverty [ADB].

LIEBIG, Justus von, 1803-73, chemist. Born at Darmstadt. Ph.D (Erlangen), 1822. Professor of Chemistry at the University of Giessen from 1824. Raised to hereditary rank of baron (Freiherr) in 1845. Professor of Chemistry at the University of Munich, 1852-73 [EB].

LIEBMANN, Frederik Michael, 1813-56, botanist. Of Denmark. Lecturer at the Copenhagen veterinary college. Travelled in Cuba and Mexico, 1840-3. Professor of Botany at the University of Copenhagen from 1845. Also Director of the Copenhagen Botanic Garden from 1852 [TL2].

LIEBMANN, Frederik Michael, 1813-56, Danish botanist. Lecturer at Copenhagen veterinary college, 1837-40, 1845-53. Travelled in Cuba and Mexico, 1840-3. Extraordinary professor of botany, Copenhagen, 1845-52; professor, 1852-6 [TL2].

LIGAR, Charles Whybrow, 1811-81, surveyor, soldier, grazier. Born in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). In Ireland until 1840. Went to NZ in 1841 as Surveyor General. Surveyor General, Vic.,1858-69. FRS (Vic.) [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

LILIENFELD, Bernhard Hermann (1831–1902). Surgeon. Born Oldendorf, near Kassel, Germany. Studied Medicine Marburg, MD 1856. Practising as surgeon and oculist, Melbourne, by 1859; physician to German Association, Hebrew Ladies Benevolent Society and Melbourne Krankenverein; Honorary Assistant Physician Melbourne Hospital. Active in medical and German associations. Left Vic 1875. [ AMPI ; Death register Landesarchiv-Berlin, Standesamt Lichterfelde 390/1902; various issues Vic newspapers]

LILLY, Eliza Sophia, ?-1883. Born in England. Married John Edward Bromby in 1836 and went with him to Melbourne in 1858 following his appointment as first headmaster of Melbourne Grammar School [ADB]. Member of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

LINDBERG, Sextus Otto, 1835-89, Finnish bryologist. Professor of botany at Helsingfors (Helsinki) University, 1865-89 [TL2].

LINDERN, Franz Balthasar Von, 1682-1755, German botanist [Barnhart (1965)].

LINDHEIMER, Ferdinand Jacob, 1801-79, botanist. Born in Germany. Went to USA in 1834 as a political refugee. Settled in Texas and collected there [TL2]. Plant contributor (via Asa GRAY, vol.1) to the Melbourne Herbarium.

LINDLEY-COWEN, Lancelot, 1858-1902, journalist and public servant. Lieutenant, US Navy. Settled in Vic., 1880; agricultural writer for Leader. Went to WA, 1889; journalist in Albany and later in Perth. Appointed Secretary of WA Agriculture Department, 1894 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

LINDLEY, John, 1799-1865, botanist. Assistant in Joseph Banks’ library from 1819. With the Horticultural Society of London, 1822-63. FRS, 1828. PhD (Munich), 1832. Professor of Botany at University College, London, 1829-60 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B57.09.01, B58.11.02]. Styphelia lindleyi, Ptilotus lindleyi, Thysanotus dichotomus var. lindleyanus.

LINDSAY, David, 1856-1922, explorer and surveyor. Born at Goolwa, SA. Senior surveyor, SA Survey Department, 1875. Surveyor-General for NT, 1878-82. Led expedition into Arnhem Land, NT, 1883. Later explored territory between the Overland Telegraph Line and the Qld border, and in 1885-6 explored in the region of the MacDonnell Ranges, NT. Surveyed township of Alice Springs, 1888. Led Elder Exploring Expedition to north-west Australia, 1891-2 [ADB].

LINDT, John William, 1845-1926, photographer. Born in Germany. Went to Qld in 1862. Operated photography business in Grafton, NSW, from c.1864. Went to Melbourne c.1876 and opened a studio there. Visited New Guinea, 1885, and New Hebrides, 1890. In 1895 established a home and pleasure resort at Blacks Spur, Vic [ADB].

LINNAEUS [von Linné], Carl, 1707-78, botanist, zoologist, geologist, physician. Born in Sweden. A founder of the Swedish Academy of Science. Professor at the University of Uppsala from 1742. Established new systems of classification for plants, animals and minerals. Introduced binomial nomenclature in Linnaeus (1753) [DSB].

LISTER, Joseph, 1827-1912, British surgeon. BA, London, 1847. FRCS, 1852. Professor of surgery, Glasgow, 1860-9; Edinburgh, 1869-77; King’s College, London, 1877-92. The founder of antiseptic surgery. FRS, 1860; PRS 1895-1900. Created baron, 1897; OM, 1902 [DNB].

LITTLE, John Archibald Graham, 1843-1906, telegraph official. Born in SA. Joined SA telegraph department, 1857. Telegraph stationmaster at Darwin, 1871-1906, responsible for the section of the overland telegraph line between Darwin and Attack Creek [NTBD].

LIVERSIDGE, Archibald, 1846-1927, chemist. Born in Britain. Educated at Royal School of Mines, London, and at Cambridge. Went to Sydney, 1872, as Reader in geology at University of Sydney; professor of geology and mineralogy, 1874; professor of chemistry, 1881-1909. Instrumental in establishment of the AAAS, 1888; Secretary, 1888-1909; President 1898. FRS, 1882; FRGS [ADB]. Liversidgea.

LIVINGSTONE, David, 1813-73, African missionary and explorer. Born in Scotland. Studied medicine in Glasgow and London. Went to Africa with London Missionary Society, 1840. FRS 1856 [DNB].

LLOYD, Curtis Gates (1859-1926). Pharmacist, mycologist. Born Florence, Kentucky, USA; apprenticed pharmacist Cincinnati, Ohio. Publisher, with brother J. U. Lloyd, Drugs and Medicines of North America. With J. U. Lloyd and their brother N. A. Lloyd became manufacturing pharmacists c.1864, retiring from active participation c.1905 to study mycology, especially ‘Gasteromycetes’. Botanical bibliophile. Endowed Lloyd Library and museum; published Bulletin of Lloyd Library, including a series of his own ‘Mycological notes’. [ Mycologia , vol. 19 (1927), pp. 153-9]

LOCH, Henry Brougham, 1827-1900, British public servant and colonial governor. Born in Scotland. CB, 1860; KCB, 1880. Governor of Vic., 1884-9. GCMG, 1887; GCB, 1892. Governor of Cape Colony; 1889-95. Created Baron Loch of Drylaw, 1895 [ADB].

LODDIGES, Conrad, c.1738-1826, nurseryman. Born in Hannover. Went to England c.1761. Took over nursery in Hackney, 1771. Followed by sons William (c. 1776-1849) and George (c. 1786-1846) [Desmond].

LÖFLING [LOEFLING], Pehr, 1729-56, Swedish botanist and explorer. Studied at Uppsala with Carl LINNAEUS. Travelled in South America, 1754-6 [TL2].

LOJKA, Hugo, 1845-87, Hungarian lichenologist. Studied in Vienna. High school teacher, Budapest [TL2].

LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-82, American poet. Born in Maine. Professor of Modern Languages and Literature, Harvard University, from 1835 [DAB].

LONSDALE, William, 1800?-64, soldier, administrator. First Police Magistrate in the Port Phillip district, 1836-40. First Vic. Colonial Secretary, 1851-3, and Colonial Treasurer, 1851-4 [ADB].

LORING, Jane Lathrop, c.1825-93, married Asa Gray, 1848.

LORNE, MARQUIS OF, 1845-1914, British aristocrat. Baptised John Douglas Sutherland Campbell. Private secretary to his father when the latter was Secretary of State for India, 1868-71. MP, 1868-78, 1895-1900. Married Princess Louise, 4th daughter of Queen VICTORIA, 1871. Governor-General of Canada, 1878-83. Constable of Windsor Castle, 1892-1914. Succeeded his father as 9th Duke of Argyll, 1900 [DNB].

LOUDON, John Claudius, 1783-1843, landscape gardener, writer. FLS, 1806. Travelled in Europe. Founded and edited the Gardeners magazine from 1826 and the Magazine of natural history from 1828 [Desmond].

LOUREIRO, João De, 1717-91, Portuguese missionary and naturalist. Collected in Mozambique, Goa and Cochin China [TL2].

LOVE, J. W. (fl. 1880s). Forester, appointed as Ranger of Wirrabara Forest, SA, c.1879, designated Forester by 1882. Reported as having at one time been artist for London Graphic. Not further identified. [Various SA newspapers]

LOVÉN, Sven Ludwig, 1809-95, Swedish zoologist. Studied at Berlin. Director of the natural history museum at Stockholm [DSB].

LOW, Hugh, 1824-1905, British colonial administrator. Visited Borneo and became acquainted with the Rajah of Sarawak, Sir James Brooke, 1845. Inspector to colony of Labuan, 1848; British Resident at Perak, Straits Settlements (Malaya), 1877-87. GCMG, 1883 [WW].

LUBBOCK, John, 1834-1913, English banker and man of science. Joined family bank, 1849. MP, 1879-1900. FRS, 1858. President, Linnean Society, 1881-6. Created 1st Baron Avebury, 1900 [DNB].

LUCAS, Arthur Henry Shakespeare, 1853-1936, teacher and naturalist. Born in England. Educated at Oxford (MA, 1877) and London (BSc, 1879). Went to Melbourne, 1883. Mathematics and science master at Wesley College, Melbourne. Editor, Vic. Naturalist, 1884-92; President, Field Naturalists’ Club, Vic., 1887-9. Headmaster, Newington College, Sydney, 1892-8; science master, Sydney Grammar School, 1899-1920; headmaster, 1916-23. President, Linnean Society of NSW, 1907-9 [ADB].

LUDWIG, Karl Ferdinand Heinrich von, 1784-1847, German naturalist. Trained as a pharmacist. Went to Cape Colony in 1805. Sent large natural history collections to the Stuttgart Museum from Cape Town. Returned to Germany in 1828. Created a Baron by the King of Württemberg, 1837. Returned again to South Africa in 1838 [Gunn & Codd (1981)].

LUEHMANN [LÜHMANN], Johann Georg, 1843-1904, botanist. Born in Hannover. Went to Vic. in 1862. Assistant at the Melbourne Herbarium from 1868. Succeeded M as Government Botanist [Gibbney & Smith (1987) ] . Acacia luehmanni, Bassia luehmanni, Darwinia luehmanni, Eucalyptus luehmanniana, Eugenia luehmanni, Phyllota luehmanni.

LUERSSEN, Christian, 1843-1916, German botanist. DrPhil, Jena, 1866. Lecturer at Leipzig, 1869-84; at forestry school, Eberswalde, 1884-88. Professor of botany at Königsberg, 1888-1910 [TL2].

LUMSDEN, William, 1834-1905, gardener. Employed at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1858-c1894.

LYNCH, Alfred, c1821-87, landscape gardener. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Designed the elaborate experimental gardens of the Horticultural Society of Vic. in 1861, development of which was abandoned in 1864 as a result of flooding. Also in 1861 won a competition sponsored by the Acclimatisation Society of Vic. for the laying out of Royal Park as a zoological garden [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

LYTTLETON, Thomas Hamilton, 1826-76, police officer. Born in VDL. Police superintendent in Melbourne from 1857 [De Serville (1991)].

LYTTON, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-, 1803-73, novelist, politician. Born in London. Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1858-9. Created Baron Lytton of Knebworth, 1866 [DNB].

M

MACADAM, John, 1827-65, chemist, physician, politician. Born in Scotland. Lecturer at Scotch College, Melbourne, 1855-65. FRS (Vic.). MD ad eund. (Melbourne), 1857. Government Analytical Chemist from 1858. Health Officer, Melbourne from 1860. On the Board of Agriculture. MLA from 1859. Postmaster General in the Heales ministry, 1861. Lecturer at the University of Melbourne from 1862 [ADB]. Macadamia ternifolia.

MacALPINE, DANIEL, 1849-1932, mycologist. Born in Scotland. Lecturer, Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh, 1877. Went to Melbourne in 1884. Lecturer in biology, University of Melbourne, 1884; College of Pharmacy, Melbourne, 1886. Plant pathologist, Department of Agriculture, Vic., 1890-1915 [ADB, Desmond, TL2].

MacARTHUR, Edward, 1789-1872, soldier. Born in England. Went to Sydney as Deputy Adjutant General in 1851. Colonel in 1854. Commander of the forces and Administrator, Vic. before Governor Barkly arrived in 1856. Returned to England, 1860. KCB, 1862 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

MACARTHUR, William, 1800-82, landowner. Born at Parramatta, NSW, the youngest son of John and Elizabeth Macarthur. An outstanding sheepbreeder at his property at Camden, NSW. Also developed a well- known garden and vineyard there. MLC, 1849-55, 1864-82. Vice- President of the Acclimatisation Society of NSW. Knighted in 1856 [ADB]. Hemitelia macarthuri, Randia macarthuri.

MACARTNEY, Hussey Burgh, 1799-1894, Church of England clergyman. Born in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin (BA, 1821; DD, 1847). Ordained 1823. Went to Vic. in 1847. Archdeacon of Geelong, 1848-52; dean of Melbourne, 1852-94 [ADB].

MACDONALD, Alexander Cameron, 1828-1917, accountant and geographer. Born in NSW. Overlanded stock to Vic., 1847-8. Surveyor and accountant at Geelong, Vic., 1850-76. Moved to Melbourne in 1876. Historian of Australian exploration. Secretary, Vic. Branch, RGSA, 1883-1906 [ADB]. Coelogyne macdonaldi, Wormia macdonaldi.

MacDONALD, Charles, Irish gardener. Head gardener at Woodstock, Co. Kilkenny, 1860. Later chief ranger at Phoenix Park, Dublin [Desmond].

MacDONALD, DONALD, 1846-1927. Missionary to the New Hebrides. Author of an etymological dictionary of three languages of the New Hebrides. Representations about French military activity in the New Hebrides, 1886, led to an agreement for joint English-French government of the islands [Argus, 20 April 1927].

MacDONNELL, Richard Graves, 1814-81, governor. Born in Dublin. CB, 1852; KB, 1855. In Gambia, St Lucia and St Vincent before appointed Governor of SA. Arrived at Adelaide in 1855. Led a small exploration party into outback SA in 1859 and urged the colony to support John Stuart’s attempt to cross the continent. Left SA in 1862. In Nova Scotia and Hong Kong before retiring in 1872. KCMG, 1871 [ADB]. Eremophila macdonnellii.

MacGILLIVRAY, Paul Howard, 1834-95, physician. Born in Scotland. MA (Aberdeen), 1854. MRCS and went to Australia, 1855. At Williamstown, Vic. Surgeon at the Bendigo Hospital, 1862-73. President of the Medical Society of Victoria, 1874. FLS, 1880. LLD, 1889. FRS (Vic.) [Desmond, AustDB] Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

MACGREGOR, John, 1828-84, solicitor. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne with his family in 1840. Admitted as a solicitor in 1855. Partner of Robert Ramsay and William Brahe. MLA, 1862-74; Minister of Mines, 1867 [Thomson & Serle (1972)]. Macgregoria, Odontocaryon macgregorii.

MacGREGOR, William, 1846-1919, medical practitioner and colonial administrator. Born in Scotland. MB, Aberdeen; LRCP, Edinburgh. Went to Seychelles, Mauritius, Fiji. Administrator of British New Guinea, 1887-1898. KCMG, 1889. Governor, Newfoundland, 1904. GCMG, 1907. Governor, Qld, 1909-14. PC, 1914 [ADB, Desmond]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Hypericum macgregorii, Quinetia macgregorii, Quintinia macgregorii, Rubus macgregorii, Santalum macgregori.

MacINTYRE, Donald. Brother of Duncan McIntyre, whom he accompanied to Qld. and on the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition, 1865. Held Dalgonally station near Burketown, Qld. until 1907 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

MACKAY, Angus, 1824-86, newspaper proprietor and politician. Born in Scotland. Went with his family to Sydney in 1827. Newspaperman in Sydney, then from 1851 on the Victorian goldfields. MLA, 1868-80, 1883-6. Minister for Mines, 1870-1, 1872-5; also Minister for Public Instruction, 1874-5 [ADB]. Phymatocaryon mackayi.

MACKAY, John (c.1837-1911) Grazier. Born Fortrose, Scotland. Arrived Vic c.1851, at Clover Creek, Darling River, NSW from 1862. [Various Australian newspapers, NSW death certificate 1911/9193]

MACKINNON, Daniel, 1818-89, pastoralist. Born in Scotland. Nephew of Daniel Curdie. Went to Port Phillip in 1839. Took up sheep stations in the Western District of Vic., eventually acquiring ‘Marida Yallock’ near Camperdown. An enthusiastic supporter of the Acclimatisation Society [ADB].

MACKINNON, Lauchlan, 1817-88, pastoralist and newspaper proprietor. Born in Scotland. Went to VDL in 1838, then to Sydney and later to Port Phillip, where he took up several sheep runs. MLC, 1852-3. In 1852, became a partner with Edward Wilson in the Melbourne newspaper, the Argus, Allan Spowers later joining them as a third partner. Retired to England in 1868 [ADB]. Cryptocarya mackinnoniana.

MACKNIGHT, Charles Hamilton, 1819-73, pastoralist. Born in Scotland. Went to Port Phillip in 1841. Acquired a sheep station near Belfast (Port Fairy), Vic. A noted sheep breeder [ADB].

MACLEAY, George, 1809-91, pastoralist. Born in England. Brother of William Sharp Macleay. Went to NSW in 1827. Farmed the Brownlow Hill estate, Camden, NSW, 1831-59, eventually inheriting it from his father, Alexander McLeay. Also had a large station on the Murrumbidgee River. A keen naturalist. Returned to England in 1859, later moving to the south of France. Revisited Australia briefly in 1873 to wind up his affairs. KCMG, 1875 [ADB].

MACLEAY, William John, 1820-91, pastoralist, politician and entomologist. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney, 1839. Pastoralist in NSW from 1840. Member of NSW Parliament, 1855-74; first president of Linnean Society of NSW, 1874. MLC, 1877. Knighted, 1889 [ADB].

MACLEAY, William Sharp, 1792-1865, scholar, naturalist. Born in England. FLS and FRS. Contributed to the classification system in zoology. Retired to Sydney in 1839. Trustee of the Australian Museum [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B57.09.01]. Anopterus macleayana, Octoclinis macleayana.

MacMAHON, Charles, 1824-91, police commissioner, politician. Born in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Chief Commissioner of Police, 1856-8. Member of the Executive Council. MLC and MLA. KB, 1875 [ADB].

MacOWAN, Peter, 1830-1909, South African botanist. Born in England. Went to South Africa c1860. Schoolteacher, 1861-81. Director of the Capetown Botanic Garden, 1881-91; Government Botanist, 1892-1905. FLS, 1885 [Desmond]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B69.07.03].

MacPHERSON, John Alexander, 1833-94, Victorian politician. Born at Limestone Plains, NSW. Studied law at the University of Melbourne but did not practise. MLA, 1864-78; Chief Secretary, 1869-70; Minister for Lands, 1870-1; Chief Secretary, 1875-7 [ADB]. Saccolabium macphersonii. Macropteranthes fitzalani, Musa fitzalani, Randia fitzalani.

MAGAREY, Alexander Thomas, 1849-1905, businessman. Born in Adelaide. Worked in the family milling business established by his father. Secretary, SA Branch, RGSA [Verco, (1985)].

MAIDEN, Joseph Henry, 1859-1925, botanist. Born in England. Went to Australia, 1880. Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney, 1881-96. Director of Sydney Botanic Garden and NSW Government Botanist, 1896-1924. FLS, 1889; FRS, 1916 [Gilbert (2001)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Acacia maidenii, Eucalyptus maideni, Medinilla maidenii.

MAILLARD, Pierre Néhémie, 1813-83, French botanist. Priest at La Mothe-St.-Héray (Deux-Sèvres), 1842-83 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

MAINGAY, Alexander Carroll, 1836-69, physician and botanical collector. Born in England. Educated at Edinburgh (MD, 1858). Joined the Indian Medical Service, 1859. Went to China, 1860. In charge of the jail at Malacca, Malaya, 1862-7 [Desmond].

MAISTRE, Paul Louis Philibert, c.1851-?, French consular official. Secretary in French Embassy, London, 1881-5. Vice-consul for France at Melbourne, 1889-98; at London, 1898-1901; Consul at Melbourne, 1901-8 [Thornton-Smith (1994)].

MANCINI, Pasquale Stanislao, 1817-88, Italian patriot and politician. Professor of international law, Turin, 1850-60; Rome 1872-. A leading spokesman of the Italian Risorgimento. A member of the democratic left in the Italian Parliament from 1860; Minister of Justice, 1876-8; Foreign Minister, 1881-5. Tutor of King UMBERTO I [Enciclopedia Italiana].

MANN, John Frederick, 1819-1907, explorer and surveyor. Born in England. Went to Sydney, 1842. Took part in early expeditions led by LEICHHARDT. Licensed surveyor, 1848-79 [ADB].

MANNERS-SUTTON, Henry Charles, 1839-1914. Private secretary to his father, Henry Manners-Sutton, during his term as Governor of Vic., and succeeded him as fourth Viscount Canterbury in 1877.

MANNERS-SUTTON, John Henry Thomas, 1814-77, colonial administrator. MP, 1841-7. Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, Canada, 1854-61. Governor of Trinidad, 1865-6, and of Vic., 1866-73. Succeeded as third Viscount Canterbury, 1869. GCMG, 1873 [ADB]. Father of Henry Charles Manners-Sutton. Cordyline manners-suttoniae, Kentia canterburyana.

MARIE, PRINCESS OF RUSSIA, 1853-1920. Daughter of Tsar Alexander II. Married Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, in St Petersburg in 1874. Livistona mariae.

MARIN LA MESLÉE, Edmond Marie, 1852-93, public servant. Born in France. Went to Mauritius, 1870, then to Melbourne, 1876 and Sydney, 1878. Travelled extensively in western NSW, 1880. Founding member of the RGSA, 1883 [ADB].

MARINUCCI, Luigi, c.1836-79, Italian consul. Born in Naples. Member of Italian consular service for 20 years. Consul to Victoria, 1873; Consul-General to Australian colonies, 1877 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

MARKHAM, Clements Robert, 1830-1916, British civil servant and geographer. Served in Royal Navy, 1844-51. Travelled in Peru, 1852-3. Joined British civil service, 1853; in India Office from 1858 and head of its geographical section, 1867-77. In South America, 1860; involved in the transfer of cinchona plants from Peru to India. Secretary, Royal Geographical Society, from 1863; President, 1893-1905 [DNB].

MARMORA, Alfonso. See Alfonso Ferrero della Marmora.

MARSH, George Perkins, 1801-82, American geographer and writer. Educated at Dartmouth College (AB, 1820). Practising lawyer, Vermont, 1825-42. Member, US Congress, 1843-9. Regent of Smithsonian Institution, 1847. US minister to Turkey, 1849-54; minister to Italy, 1861-82. Inspiration behind establishment of US Forest Commission [DAB].

MARTENS, Peter, 1804-?, Lutheran pastor. Born in Schleswig-Holstein. Rector of the town school in Tönning from 1836 [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MARTIN, James Alexander, surgeon. 1804-1879 Born France; Of Champion Bay (now Geraldton), WA. Took part in two expeditions to the Kimberley region, 1863-4; Settled Melbourne as medical teacher; enthusiastic naturalist. Appears to have left Australia in 1868. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium. [George (2009)] Grevillea martini, Psoralea martinii.

MARTIN, James Ranald, 1793-1874, surgeon. Member of the Bengal medical establishment from 1817. FRS, 1845. Knighted, 1860 [DNB].

MARTIN, Louis. Born in Germany. With Louis MONASH established a business as commission agents and general merchants in Melbourne [Serle (1982)]. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

MARTINEZ DE HOZ, José, 1823-71. Argentinian landowner and cattle breeder. President of the Sociedad Rural Argentina, 1866-70.

MARTIUS, Carl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, ethnologist, botanist. MD (Erlangen), 1814. In Brazil, 1817-20. Professor of botany at Munich University and director of the Munich Botanic Garden. Founded Flora brasiliensis [TL2].

MARTIUS, Theodor Wilhelm, 1796-1863, pharmacist. Brother of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. Inherited a pharmacy in Erlangen from his father in 1824. Lecturer and from 1848 professor of pharmacy at the University of Erlangen.

MASKELYNE, Mervyn Herbert Nevil Story, 1823-1911, English mineralogist. Keeper of Minerals at the British Museum and professor of mineralogy at Oxford. FRS, 1870. MP, 1880-6 [Debus (1968)].

MASSMANN, Magnus Christian, 1835-1915, German official. Educated at Rostock (LLD, 1864) and Berlin. City councillor at Rostock from 1864; director of Rostock police office, 1872-80; mayor, 1889-1914 [Rostock city archives].

MASTERS, Maxwell Tylden, 1833-1907, British botanist. MD, St Andrews, 1862. Lecturer in botany at St George’s Hospital, London, 1855-68. Editor of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1865-1907. FLS, 1860; FRS, 1870 [Desmond].

MATTHEWS, William Edward (1860-1930). School of Mines Director, public analyst. Born Maldon, Vic; exhibited mineral and botanical specimens at meetings of Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, 1887; consulting agricultural chemist and analyst to Baringhup and Maldon Agricultural Society 1888; director and professor of chemistry and natural science of Maryborough School of Mines 1888-90; Director Stawell School of Mines 1891, dismissed 1889; re-appointed 1906, dismissed 1908. Analyst: Maldon Council 1891, dismissed 1908; Warrnambool and other councils 1896, and for distant councils while living in Korumburra 1916-7. On electoral rolls, described as metallurgist Korumburra 1914, as mine owner Castlemaine 1924; described as stationer, Castlemaine on death certificate. FLS 1888, Fellow Chemical Society London 1888. [Various Victorian newspapers; electoral rolls, Vic death certificate 4616/1930]

MATTHIESSEN, Louise Theresa. See Louise WEHL.

MAXIMOWITZ (MAXIMOWICZ), Carl Ivanovich, 1827-91, Russian botanist and explorer. Travelled in East Asia, 1853-7; China and Japan, 1859-64. Curator of the St Petersburg Herbarium [TL2].

MAXWELL, George, 1804-79, botanical collector. Went to Albany, WA in 1838. Collected for Mueller and others [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Eriostemon maxwelli, Genosiris maxwelli, Lasiopetalum maxwellii, Phymatocarpus maxwelli, Trachymene maxwellii.

McANDREW, Donald (1822-1910). Farmer. Born Creich, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1854, settled on Bellarine Peninsular, active in local affairs. In business as auctioneer, Geelong? [Scotland census 1851; Vic shipping records, various Vic newspapers; Vic death certificate 13808/1901]

McCANN, Annie W. D. See Annie Bellew McDonald.

McCANN, William Nelson, 1837-?, politician. Born at Port Fairy, Vic. Schoolteacher at Geelong, 1857-9. Part-proprietor, with Graham berry, of Geelong Register. MLA, 1861-7; forfeited seat on being convicted of forgery [Thomson & Serle (1972)].

McCLINTOCK, Francis Leopold, 1819-1907. British naval officer. Born in Ireland. Entered Royal Navy, 1831. Served on several Arctic expeditions. Discovered remains of Sir John Franklin, 1859. Knighted, 1860. Eventually Vice-Admiral in command of the North America and West Indies station. Retired, 1884. KCB, 1891 [DNB].

McCOY, Frederick, 1817-99, palaeontologist, museum director. Born in Dublin. Professor of Natural Science at the University of Melbourne from 1854. Government Palaeontologist from 1856. Director of the Museum of Natural and Applied Sciences, Melbourne from 1857. FRS (Vic.); FRS, 1880; FRGS. On the Board of Science, 1858. DSc (Cambridge), 1886. CMG, 1886; KCMG, 1891 [ADB]. Plant/seed and animal donor to the Melbourne Botanic and Zoological Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Celyphina mccoyi, Maccoya plurisepala.

McCRAE, Andrew Murison, civil servant, pastoralist. Joined the Vic. civil service, 1849. Police Magistrate at Alberton, Vic. from 1851; at Kilmore, Vic. from 1857 [VPRS 943, PROV]. Married Georgiana Gordon. Leucopogon maccraei.

McCREA, WILLIAM, 1814-99, medical practitioner. Born in Ireland. MRCS England, 1833; LSA, London, 1834; MB, London, 1848; MB, Melbourne, 1868.Went to Castlemaine, Vic., 1852; later in Melbourne [Medical Register (1882-92)]. Melodorum maccreai.

McCULLOCH, James, 1819-93, politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne in 1853 and became established as a merchant. MLC, 1854-6; MLA, 1856-72, 1874-8. Government leader and Commissioner for Trade and Customs, 1857-8; Treasurer, 1859-60; Premier and Chief Secretary, 1864-9, 1870-1. Victorian Agent-General, 1873. Premier,1875-7. KB, 1870; KCMG, 1874. Returned to Britain in 1886 [ADB] . Swainsona maccullochiana.

McCULLOCH, Joseph Fishbourne (c.1829-1915). Pastoralist. Born Carlanstown, Westmeath, Ireland. Arrived Vic 1852; gold-escort officer; farming at Newstead, near Castlemaine on marriage 1858 and until at least 1872. At ‘Orange Grove’ sheep station, Urana NSW from 1874. [ Urana independent and Clear Hills standard , 17 December 1915, p. 2; Victorian marriage and birth records; various Vic newspapers.]

McDONALD, Annie Bellew, 1838-1924, writer, flower painter and postmistress. Born in Ireland. Married T. McCann c.1856. Went to Vic., 1863 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

McDONALD, D. (fl. 1883). Qld pastoralist? Not further identified.

McDONALD, Donald (c.1850-1917). Stock and station agent. Born Balechelish, Scotland. Arrived Vic 1852. Father held ‘Redbank’, Warracknabeal. Worked as contractor and held land at Bael Bael, moving to Kerang 1891 as stock and station agent. Member, Kerang Shire Council 1894-1905, President 1901-2. JP 1899. [ Cohuna Farmer’s Weekly , 22 June 1917, p. 2; Various Vic newspapers, Vic death certificate 5313/1917.]

McHAFFIE, John David, 1820?-91, pastoralist. Of Phillip Island, Vic. Brother-in-law of Euphemia Henderson. Active on behalf of the Acclimatisation Society of Vic. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [B63.05.01].

McILWRAITH, Thomas (1835-1900). Capitalist, politician. Born Ayr, Scotland; arrived Vic 1854; gold mining Bendigo; partner of J. V. A. Bruce in railway contracting. Pastoral runs in Queensland from 1864; settled in Brisbane by 1874. Member Qld parliament 1870-1, 1873-86, 1888-95, led government several times, advocate for railway expansion and immigration. KCMG 1882. Speculated, became financially insecure; charged with but acquitted of fraud 1892; 1896 inquiry showed ‘a degree of mismanagement amounting almost to corruption’. [ ADB ]

McINERNEY, Thomas Patrick (1854-1934). Lawyer. Born Kangaroo Flat, Vic; educated University of Melbourne:, LLB 1878, BA 1880, LLD 1881, MA 1882, Warden of the Senate, 1890-1924. Called to Bar 1878, practised first as Barrister, then also as solicitor; MLA 1900-1902. [ Argu s (Melbourne), 10 December 1934, p. 9; various issues Vic newspapers]

McINTYRE [sometimes M’intyre], Donald [ (c.1837-1907). Pastoralist, storekeeper. Born Scotland. Arrived Vic 1849; with Duncan McIntyre took stock overland to Qld, establishing ‘Dalgonally’ near Cloncurry 1864 when Duncan returned to Melbourne; founder Normanton meat works. Adoptive brother of Duncan McIntyre. [ Brisbane courier , 5 March 1907, p. 7; Townsville daily bulletin , 8 December 1930, p. 5]

McINTYRE [sometimes MacIntyre, M’Intyre], Duncan (1831-1866). Pastoralist and explorer. Born Argyll, Scotland. Arrived Vic. 1849 with adoptive or foster parents and family. With Donald McIntyre took stock to Qld 1863, explored Paroo, Bulloo and Barcoo Rivers, and route to Gulf of Carpentaria; found apparent traces of Ludwig Leichhardt. Appointed leader of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition 1865, died near Burketown, Qld during the expedition. Adoptive brother of Donald McIntyre. Nephew of Donald Cambell. [ ADB ]. Macintyria.

McINTYRE, Duncan, 1831-66, pastoralist and explorer. Born in Scotland. Brother of Donald McIntyre. Went to Vic. in 1849. Took stock north to Qld. in 1863, finding signs thought to have been left by Ludwig Leichhardt. Appointed leader of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition, 1865, but died near Burketown, Qld. during the expedition [ADB]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B65.10.01]. Macintyria.

McKEAN, James, 1832-1901, solicitor and politician. Born in Ireland. Went to Vic. in c1854. Admitted to the Bar in 1863. MLA, 1866-71, 1875-6, 1880-3. President of the Board of Land and Works, 1869-70 [Thomson & Serle (1972)].

McKELLAR, Campbell Duncan (1859-1925). Author. Born Hamilton, Vic; wrote novels, collections of essays and polemical works on modern Greek and Irish history. Pseudonyms ‘H.R.H’, ‘Hilarion’. Spent much time in United Kingdom: St Andrews, Scotland 1881 census; St Pancras London described as ‘landed proprietor and author’ England 1901 census. Member Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Victorian Branch); supported British Antarctic Expedition 1907-9, commemorated in Antarctica: Mount McKellar and McKellar glacier, Queen Alexander Range. [Various issues Australian and UK newspapers, Geographic names informat i on system United States Geological Survey ]

McKEN, Mark John, 1823-72, botanist. Collected plants in Jamaica and Natal. Curator of Natal Botanic Garden, 1851-3, 1860-72 [Desmond].

McKINLAY, John, 1819-72, explorer. Born in Scotland. Went to NSW in 1836. In 1861, led the South Australian Burke & Wills Relief Expedition to Cooper’s Creek, afterwards exploring north of Lake Eyre and then to the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1865 selected the site for Port Darwin, NT and explored the hinterland [ADB]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B63.05.01, B69.07.03]. Eremophila mackinlayi, Indigofera mckinlayi, Mackinlaya.

McLEAN, Allan, 1840-1911, stock and station agent and politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney with his parents, 1842, then to Gippsland, Vic. Established his business in Sale, Vic., 1873. MLA, 1880. Chief Secretary and Minister for Agriculture, 1891; Premier and Chief Secretary, 1899-1900 [ADB].

McLELLAN, William, 1831-1906, politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Vic in 1850. Miner, 1851-9. MLA, 1859-77, 1883-97; Commissioner of Public Works, 1870; Minister of Mines, 1871-2, 1875-7 [ADB].

McMILLAN, Angus, 1810-65, explorer, pastoralist. Born in Scotland. Went to NSW in 1838. Farm manager. Explored Gippsland in 1839. At ‘Bushy Park’ on the Avon River, 1840-60. MLA. Led the Alpine Expedition to open tracks to mining areas in the mountains, 1864-5 [ADB]. Accompanied M on some expeditions . Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B63.05.01]. Goodenia macmillani

McMILLAN, Thomas. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Thelymitra macmillani.

McNAUGHTAN, [‘MacNaugten’] Alexander, 1815-84, merchant. Born in Scotland. Went to Hobart [ADB]. Provided a postal address for Charles Stuart in Hobart Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B57.09.01 ‘McNaughton’, B63.05.01].

McPHAIL, Annie. Married Johann Ludwig Gerard Krefft in 1869 [ADB].

McPHEE, Alexander [“ Sandy ”] (1856-1916). Pastoralist, pearler, explorer, prospector, showman. Born Hexham Vic; to WA 1884. Manager Le Grange Bay station late 1880s; gold prospecting expedition 1887-8; exhibited ‘albino’ Aboriginal Jug-Gun Melbourne, Sydney 1890; promoter buckjumping show 1914. Enlisted 10th Light Horse regiment, 1914, died of illness Egypt. [Various Australian newspapers; Australasian (Melbourne) 1 February 1890, p. 28; Sun (Kalgoorlie), 26 March 1916, p. 6; Service records , National Archives of Australia]

MECKLENBURG, GRAND DUKE OF. See FRIEDRICH FRANZ III.

MEEHAN, Thomas, 1826-1901, American nurseryman and botanical collector. Born in England. Gardener at Kew, 1846-8. Went to USA, 1848. Established nursery at Germantown, Pennsylvania c. 1853. State Botanist. Collected plants in New England, Colorado, Utah and Alaska [Desmond, TL2].

MEISNER [Meissner], Carl Friedrich, 1800-74, botanist. DrMed (Göttingen), 1824. Worked at Geneva with Augustin de Candolle, 1825-8. Professor of Physiology at Basel, 1828-36, and Professor of Botany, 1836-67 [TL2]. Cryptocarya meissneri.

MELLER, Charles James, 1836-69, British botanist. MD London, 1857. Surgeon/naturalist on David Livingstone’s African expedition,1860-3. British vice-consul in Madagascar, 1864-5. Superintendent of Botanic Garden, Mauritius, 1865-?. Died in Sydney while visiting Australia [Dorr, 1997].

MENZIES, Archibald, 1754-1842, British botanical collector. Born in Scotland. Assistant surgeon, Royal Navy, from 1782; surgeon-naturalist on Vancouver’s exploring expedition, 1791-4, during which he collected extensively on the south-west coast of WA [Desmond].

MERIVALE, Herman, 1806-74, British civil servant. Under Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1847, permanent Under Secretary from 1848. Permanent Under Secretary of India from 1859 [DNB].

MERTENS, Anna. See Anna Pohlmann.

MERTENS, Ernst, b.1832. A cousin of M’s in Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Johann Ferdinand Mertens

MERTENS, Ferdinand, b.1831. A cousin of M’s in Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Johann Ferdinand Mertens. Husband of Hanne Mertens.

MERTENS, Georg, b.1829. A cousin of M’s in Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Johann Ferdinand Mertens. Husband of Doris Mertens and father of Albertine.

MERTENS, Heinrich, b.1838. A cousin of M’s in Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Johann Ferdinand Mertens.

MERTENS, Johann (Ernst) Ferdinand, 1799-1866. M’s uncle. Married Magdalene Blumensaat. Businessman and property owner in Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MERTENS, Johann Georg, 1769-1844, butcher. M’s grandfather in Schleswig-Holstein. Born in Aschersleben, Harz. Husband of Anna Pohlmann [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MERTENS, Louise, 1797-1840. M’s mother. Born in Magdeburg and brought up in Tönning, Schleswig-Holstein. Married Friedrich Müller 7 August 1822. Lived with him in Rostock. Nine children, of whom four reached adulthood: Iwanne, Ferdinand, Bertha and Clara. Returned to Tönning after her husband’s death and became proprietor of the Eider River ferry. Died of tuberculosis [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MERTENS, Louise, b.1841. M’s cousin in Schleswig-Holstein. Daughter of Johann Ferdinand Mertens.

MERTENS, Magdalene. See Magdalene Blumensaat.

MERTENS, Marie Louise Helene, see Koopmann, Marie Louise Helene.

METTERNICH, Princess Maria Melanie von, 1805-54. Third wife of the Austrian Chancellor, Prince Metternich, whom she married in 1831. She had previously been engaged to Karl Alexander Anselm von Hügel, who named a genus Marianthus after her [Clark (1994)].

MEYLER, Henry (1825-1889). Physician. Born Dublin, Ireland. Schooled Isle of Man; Licentiate of Apothecaries’ Hall (Dublin), 1849; practised Mitchelstown, Ireland. Arrived Vic 1858 as ship’s surgeon. Public vaccinator: Winchelsea 1858-87, Moriac 1866; Vic medical register Winchelsea from 1864, retired 1885. Active in Winchelsea civic affairs. [ AM P I , accessed 3 March 2023; Geelo n g advertiser , 14 May 1889, p. 4; various Victorian newspapers]

MEYN [MEIN], Klaus Christian Ludwig, 1820-78, German mineralogist and chemist. Studied at Berlin, Kiel (PhD, 1844) and Copenhagen. Privatdozent in mineralogy and geology at Kiel, 1846-c1851, during which time he taught M. Founder of the University’s mineralogical cabinet. Later worked as an industrial chemist.

MEZ, Carl Christian, 1866-1944, German botanist. DrPhil, Berlin, 1888. At Munich, 1888-90; at Breslau, 1890-9. Professor of botany, Halle, 1899-1910. Director of the botanic garden, Königsberg, 1910-35 [TL2].

MICHIE, Archibald, 1813-99, lawyer, politician. Born in London. Went to Sydney in 1840. Returned to England. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Defended the Eureka rebels. Attorney General and Minister of Justice. Vic. Agent General in London, 1873-9. KCMG, 1878. Member of the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02]. Michiea symphyanthera, Porospermum michieanum.

MIERS, John, 1789-1879, botanist, metallurgist. In South America, 1819-38. Private scientist in London [Desmond].

MIKLOUHO-MACLAY, Nikolai Nikolayevitch, 1846-88, Russian naturalist. Educated in St Petersburg, Heidelberg and Leipzig. Went to New Guinea, 1871, and over several years pursued anthropological and ethnological studies throughout the south-west Pacific area. Instrumental in the establishment of a marine laboratory in Sydney. Returned to Russia, 1886 [ADB].

MILL, John Stuart, 1806-73, British philosopher. Educated by his father. Clerk at India Office, London, from 1823. Known especially for his writings on logic and the philosophy of science. An enthusiastic amateur botanist [DNB]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

MILLER, G. G. (fl. 1895). Not unambiguously identified.

MILLIGAN, Joseph, 1807-84, surgeon, civil servant. Born in Scotland. Went to VDL in 1831. FRS (VDL), Secretary, 1848-60. Returned to England in 1860 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Dendrobium milligani.

MILNE-EDWARDS, Alphonse, 1835-1900, French palaeontologist. DrMed, Paris, 1860; DSc, Paris, 1861. Professor at the Paris School of Pharmacy, 1865-95. From 1876 in various functions at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris; director, 1891-1900 [TL2].

MILNE-EDWARDS, Henri, 1800-85, French zoologist. Born in Belgium. Professor of entomology at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, from 1841; professor of mammalogy from 1861; Director from 1864 [Debus].

MILNER, Eliza Elflida, 1812-87. Married the merchant, pastoralist and Hunter Valley, NSW winemaker, James King (1796-1857) in 1836. Went to Europe with her husband in 1855, returning to Australia after his death. In 1866 she married William Roberts (d. 1883), a country bank manager in NSW [ADB].

MINCHIN, James (Jim) Melbourne (1859-1919). Civil servant. Born Emerald Hill (now South Melbourne), Vic. Appointed herbarium assistant, 1879, last listed as employed in herbarium in public service list for 31 December 1896; described as clerk in 1916 electoral roll and of no occupation in probate records. [ Rec o rd (South Melbourne), 22 February 1919, p. 2; Probate records, VPRS 7591/P0002, 193/514; Victoria Government Gazette].

MIQUEL, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm, 1811-71, botanist. Director of the Rotterdam Botanic Garden, 1835-46. Professor of Botany and Director of the Amsterdam Botanic Garden, 1846-59; at Utrecht, 1859-71. Director of the Leiden Herbarium (Rijksherbarium) from 1862 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B62.03.01]. Encephalartos miquelii, Grevillea miqueliana, Tryptomene miqueliana.

MITCHELL, Graham (c.1831-1888). Veterinary Surgeon. Born Edinburgh, Scotland. To Victoria c.1853, advertised as veterinary surgeon from 1857, Donnybrook. Patented system to protect against pleuro-pneumonia, bankrupt 1864 ‘expenses of experiments’; practice goodwill advertised for sale 1867. Worked from Melbourne office. Honorary veterinary surgeon, Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 1871-8; Veterinary Surgeon for inspection of stock imported to Victoria 1878; developed smallpox vaccination using calf lymph, controversially acted as vaccinator although not appointed as public vaccinator. Member Veterinary Board of Victoria, 1888. Claimed qualifications MRCS, MRCVS, FSE, and FRSSAE (not identified); Qualifications not confirmed, not on historical list of Fellows of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [ A g e (Melbourne), 16 June 1888, p. 10; various Victorian newspapers; Victoria Government Gazette; Victorian inquest files]

MITCHELL, Josiah, 1822-87, horticulturist. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1853. Nurseryman at Moonee Ponds. Lessee of the Experimental Farm in Royal Park, 1863-71 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Member of the Board of Inquiry into M’s department, 1870-1.

MITCHELL, Thomas Livingstone, 1792-1855, surveyor general. Born in Scotland. Went to NSW in 1827. Surveyor General from 1828. Led four major exploring expeditions through NSW, Qld and Vic. Knighted 1838 [ADB]. Aster mitchelli, Santalum mitchellii.

MITTEN, William, 1819-1906, bryologist, pharmacist. Born in England. ALS, 1847. Specialist in mosses. Member of the Botanical Society of London [Desmond].

MÖBIUS, Karl August, 1825-1908, German zoologist. Studied natural science at Univ. of Berlin, 1849-53. Teacher at Johanneum, Hamburg, 1853-5. Staff member of Hamburg Museum of Natural History from 1855; co-founder of Hamburg Zoo, 1863. Prof. zoology Univ. Kiel, 1868-87. Director of natural history museum, Berlin, from 1887. An expert on marine biology [DSB].

MOFFAT, William Tweedale (1845-1931). Storekeeper. Born New Monkland, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Arrived Twofold Bay, NSW 1848; in Hawthorn Vic by 1866 (marriage); storekeeper Romsey Vic by 1874. Active in civic affairs, member Romsey Shire Council, sometime president; commissioner Romsey Water-works Trust 1883; long-serving member committee West Bourke Agricultural Society. JP 1877 until at least 1892. Active member Microscopical Society of Victoria. [Various Vic newspapers; Victoria Government Gazette; NSW immigration records; Marriage index Vic 2950/1866]

MOLINEUX, Albert, 1832-1909, promoter of agriculture. Born in England. Went with his family to SA in 1839. Founder-editor of Garden and field, 1875-97. Secretary, Central Bureau, SA Bureaux of Agriculture, 1888-1902 [ADB].

MÖLLER, Adolpho Frederico, 1842-1920, Portuguese forester. Trained in Germany. Worked in the Portuguese forestry commission from 1860. Curator of the Coimbra botanic garden, 1874-1914 [Website: wwwuser.gwdg.de/~sysbot/index coll/Search M.htm (April 2004)].

MOLONEY, Cornelius Alfred, 1848-1913, British colonial administrator. In West Africa from 1867. Governor, Lagos, 1887-91. Governor in the West Indies, 1891-1904 [TL2].

MONASH, Louis, 1831-94, merchant. Born in Posen, Prussia. Went to Melbourne in 1854. With Louis MARTIN established a business as commission agents and general merchants [Serle (1982)]. Member and for some time secretary of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

MONGER, John Henry, 1831-92, merchant and agriculturalist. Born at Lake Monger, WA. Became a merchant in Perth, and also acquired much agricultural land in many parts of the colony. MLC, 1870-5, 1890-2 [ADB].

MOORE, Charles, 1820-1905, botanist. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney as Government Botanist and Director of the Botanic Garden in 1848. Trustee of the Australian Museum from 1879 [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden and Herbarium [e.g. B57.09.01, B69.07.03]. Aralia moorei, Cocculus moorei, Dendrobium moorei, Eucryphia moorei, Eugenia moorei, Fagus moorei, Kentia mooreana, Lactaria moorei, Macrozamia moorei, Rubus moorei, Stenocarpus moorei, Streptothamnus moorei.

MOORE, David, 1824-98, businessman, politician. Born in Sydney. Moved to the Port Phillip district in 1851. A founder of the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce in 1851 and sometime President. MLA from 1856. President of the Board of Land and Works, 1857-8. Acquired large pastoral properties in Vic. and NSW [ADB].

MOORE, John, 1803-85, civil servant. Born in Dublin. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Assistant Colonial Secretary from 1854 and (with the change to responsible government) Under Secretary from 1855. Retired in 1869 [Gibbney & Smith (1987); VPRS 943, PROV]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

MOORE, Thomas Bather, 1850-1919, prospector, explorer, geologist and botanist. Born in Tas. Educated in England. Returned to Tas., 1868. Explored west and south-west Tas. [Hall (1978)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

MOORE, Thomas, 1821-87, horticulturalist. Born in England. Gardener, Regent’s Park, London, 1844-7. Curator, Chelsea Physic Garden, London, from 1848. FLS, 1851 [Desmond].

MOORS, Henry, c.1827-1906, public servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne, 1852, and joined Victorian Public Service. Chief clerk, Police Department, 1883; Chief Secretary’s Department, 1883-91 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

MOQUIN-TANDON, Christian Horace Bénédict Alfred, 1804-63, naturalist, botanist. Specialist in teratology. DrSci (Montpellier), 1826. Director of the Toulouse Botanic Garden, 1834-53. Professor of Botany at the Medical Faculty, Paris (Faculté de Médecine). A founder of the Botanical Society of France (Société botanique) [TL2].

MORAN, Robert Wilfred (c.1846-1911). Police officer and magistrate. Born Drumna, Leitrim, Ireland; arrived Brisbane 1866(?). Police officer 1872. Served Tambo, Ingham, Thursday Island, Cloncurry, finally at Normanton from 1905, filling various roles including Police Magistrate, gold warden land commissioner. [ Brisba n e courier , 1 June 1911, p. 4; various Qld newspapers, Qld immigration records]

MORESBY, John, 1830-1922, British naval officer. Joined Royal Navy as a cadet, 1842. Commander on the China Station, 1861-4; promoted to post captain, 1865. Surveyed in Torres Strait and on the New Guinea coast, 1872-4. Rear admiral, 1881; Vice-admiral, 1888 [ADB].

MORITZI, Alexander, 1806-50, Swiss botanist. Worked with A.P. de CANDOLLE (vol.1) in Geneva. Later high school teacher at Solothurn [TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium (via herbarium of Joachim Steetz) .

MORONEY, Bartholomew T., c.1850-1886, singer. Born in Ireland. Went to Vic in 1856. Held a minor appointment in Vic. public service. Much in demand at concerts as a bass singer. Went to London in 1882 to pursue a singing career but returned to Melbourne c.1883 on account of ill health [Liedertafel Collection, Grainger Museum, University of Melbourne].

MORRELL, James (c.1822-1865). Sailor. Born Maldon, Essex; arrived Sydney c.1845 as carpenter’s mate; joined Peruvian 1846 for China; wrecked off Qld coast. Survived and lived with tribe, Upper Burdekin; found 1863. [‘Shipwrecked and held captive by Blacks for 17 years’, Evening News (Rockhampton), 23 September 1929, p. 5]

MORRIS, Daniel, 1844-1933, British botanist. Born in Wales. MA, Dublin, 1876. Assistant, Peradeniya garden, Ceylon, 1877-9. Director, public gardens, Jamaica, 1879-86. Assistant director, Kew Gardens, 1886-98. CMG, 1893. Imperial Commissioner for Agriculture, West Indies, 1898-1908 [Desmond].

MORRISON, Robert, 1837-?, gardener. Born in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1858. Employed at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1858-1903. Accompanied M on an alpine collecting expedition, 1861 [B61.02.01].

MORTON, William Lockhart, 1820-98, pastoralist and inventor. Born in Scotland. Went to Port Phillip District in 1841. Worked on a number of sheep stations, 1841-55. Invented the sheep dip and the swing gate for drafting sheep. Explored country north of Rockhampton, Qld., 1859. Tried to establish properties in Vic., NSW and Qld. but with little long-term success [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to Melbourne Botanic Gardens and Herbarium [e.g. B61.02.01]. Cupania mortoniana.

MOULE, Frederick George (1825-1891). Solicitor. Born Melksham, Wiltshire, England. Admitted as solicitor c.1847. Arrived Vic 1852, unsuccessful at goldfields; set up legal practice in Melbourne, eventually being member of several partnerships and personally specialising in banking law. Active member of Law Institute of Victoria, several times President; active in colonial volunteer military; a founder of Zoological and Acclimatisation Society. Council member Church of England Grammar School and other civic and sporting societies and clubs. [ Argus (Melbourne), 19 May 1891, p. 6]

MUELLER, Augustus, 1828-98, medical practitioner. Born in Germany. MD and ChD, Giessen, 1854. Went to Vic., 1855. Practised at Yackandandah, Vic. for 40 years. Developed proposal to cure snakebite by strychnine [Gibbney & Smith (1987), Medical Register (1882-92)].

MULLEN, Samuel, 1828-90, bookseller and publisher. Born in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Assistant at George Robertson’s bookshop from 1853; opened his own business in 1859 [ADB].

MÜLLER, Bertha Friederike Louise [later Doughty] (1826-1861). Born Rostock, Mecklenburg, German. Established millinery business with sister Iwanne Müller, Rendsburg 1844. Migrated to SA with siblings Ferdinand Mueller and Clara Müller 1847; companion-housekeeper to Margaret Davenport in Adelaide until c.1853. Married Charles George Doughty 1856; St. Helens cattle station, near Portland Vic then to Mt. Gambier SA c.1859. Daughter of Christoph Friedrich Christian Müller; mother of George Ferdinand St Helen Doughty, Clara Bertha Doughty. [ Voigt & Sin k ora (1996), various issues Vic and SA newspapers]

MÜLLER, Christoph Friedrich Christian, 1794-1835, customs officer. M’s father. Fought in the volunteer corps on the Prussian side against the French. Customs officer at Rostock, Mecklenburg. Married Louise Mertens on 7 August 1822. Died of tuberculosis [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MÜLLER, Clara Christine Maria, 1833-1901. M’s sister. Born at Rostock, Mecklenburg. Went to Adelaide with M and Bertha Müller in 1847. Went to Melbourne with Bertha in 1853. Married Eduard and moved to Mt Gambier, SA in 1853. Moved into ‘Ehrenbreitstein’ at Millicent, SA in 1871. Fifteen children. Died in Millicent. Wehlia thryptomenoides.

MÜLLER, Florens Theodor Reinhard, 1825-81. Born at Dresden. Went to Adelaide in 1849. Moved to Vic. in 1852 as a gold digger. Assistant at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1862-9. Published many poems in the German newspapers in Vic. Assistant to Heinrich Reichenbach at the Natural History Museum, Dresden, 1869-81 [Darragh (1994)].

MÜLLER, FRIEDRICH MAX, 1823-1900, orientalist and philologist. Born in Germany. Educated at Leipzig (PhD, 1843). Became an expert in the study of Sanskrit. Went to England, 1846. Deputy Taylorian Professor of Modern Languages, Oxford, 1850-4; professor, 1854-68; professor of comparative philology, 1868-1900 [DNB].

MÜLLER, Iwanne Caroline Maria, 1824-45. M’s sister. Born at Rostock, Mecklenburg. Worked as a housekeeper. Learned millinery trade with Bertha Müller at Madam Schmidt’s establishment in Hamburg. Opened a millinery business with Bertha in Rendsburg in 1844. Died of tuberculosis in Rendsburg [Voigt & Sinkora (1996)].

MÜLLER, Johann Karl [Carl] August, 1818-99, German botanist. Born in Saxony. Trained and for some years worked as a pharmacist. From 1843, was based at Halle, associated with Diederich Schlechtendal. An expert on mosses. Built up a very extensive herbarium [TL2]. .

MÜLLER, Johannes [Jean], 1828-96, Swiss botanist. ‘Müller of Aargau’. Curator of the Candolle herbarium, 1851-69, and of the Delessert herbarium, Geneva, 1869-96. Director of the Geneva Botanic Garden, 1870-4; professor of botany at Geneva, 1871-89 [TL2].

MÜLLER, KARL, 1818-99, botanist. Born in Saxony. Trained as a pharmacist. Expert on mosses [All.DB].

MÜLLER, Louise. See Mertens, Louise.

MUNRO, William, 1818-80, British botanist. In the Indian colonial army. FLS, 1840; CB, 1857. Collected in Barbados, 1870-5, Crimea and India [Desmond, TL2]. Panicum munroi.

MÜNTER [MUENTER], Johann Andreas Heinrich August Julius, 1815-85, German botanist. Physician at the Charité, Berlin, 1845-8. Professor of botany at Greifswald from 1849 [TL2].

MURCHISON, Roderick IMPEY, 1792-1871, geologist. FRS, 1826. Active in the RGS and the Geological Society. A supporter of Australian exploration. Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain from 1855. KCB 1863 [DNB]. Cordyline murchisoniae, Rutidosis murchisonii.

MURRAY, Andrew, 1813-80, journalist. Born in Scotland. Went to Adelaide in 1839. Worked for the South[ern] Australian and Adelaide morning chronicle. Government Printer from 1845. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Editor of the Argus, 1855-6. Founded, owned and edited the conservative Murray’s prices current, 1862-7, and Bear’s circular and rural economist, 1862-75. Went to Yarragon, Vic. in 1877 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B60.01.01].

MURRAY, George Robert Milne, 1858-1911, Scottish cryptogamist. Assistant, 1876-95, and keeper, 1895-1905, Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). Naturalist on the West Indian Eclipse Expedition of 1886. Scientific Director, National Antarctic Expedition in Discovery, 1901 [TL2].

MURRAY, James Patrick, fl. 1850-79, medical practitioner. Born in Ireland? Practised medicine in Vic. in the 1850s, and in NZ in 1863. Medical officer and second-in-command of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition in 1865 but was dismissed by Duncan McIntyre in the course of the expedition [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Ptilotus murrayi.

MURRAY, JOHAN ANDREAS, 1740-91, botanist. Born in Sweden. Pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Studied at Göttingen, 1760-3. Professor of medicine and botany, Göttingen, 1764-91 [TL2].

MUSGRAVE, Anthony. (1849-1912). Colonial administrator. In 1868 joined his uncle Anthony Musgrave (1828-1888), Governor of Newfoundland, as private secretary, moving with him to British Columbia 1869-72, Natal 1872-3 (also clerk to Executive Council), South Australia 1873-7, Jamaica 1877-83, Qld 1883-5. To New Guinea: deputy commissioner 1885, Secretary to the Government 1888-1909. Private Secretary to William MacGregor as Governor of Qld 1909-11. CMG 1902. [ Queenslander (Brisbane) 15 June 1912, p. 39; various Australian newspapers]

MUSSON, Charles Tucker, 1856-1928, teacher and botanist. Born in England. Educated in Nottingham; lecturer in botany, Nottingham University College. Went to Australia, 1887. Science master, Hawkesbury Agricultural College, NSW, 1891-1919 [Desmond, Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

N

NACHTIGAL, Gustav, 1834-85, German physician and botanist. Military surgeon at Cologne from 1858. Between 1861 and 1875 travelled extensively in southern Mediterranean countries. Entered German consular service in 1882, serving in various parts of northern Africa [Brockhaus’ Konversations-Lexikon].

NANCARROW, Richard Huthnance (c.1833-1889). Miner. Born Grampound, Cornwall; arrived Adelaide SA 1856, occupation ‘miner’; arrived Melbourne 1857(?). Prospecting in Whipstick area near Sandhurst (now Bendigo) Vic by 1861, settled Neilborough; director of ‘Nil’ mine. Active in local affairs: Member Sandhurst Mining Board 1873-8; Raywood School Board from 1873. Active naturalist, especially entomology, and illustrator: member Bendigo Science Society, exhibited flower and insect paintings at regional galleries; gave popular science lectures, some published in local newspapers. [Creed Parish Cornwall baptism register; SA Passenger lists; Bendigo adv e rtiser , 11 May 1889, p. 5; Various Australian newspapers]

NANKIVELL, Mr T. J., 1819-99, businessman. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in the 1830s. At the Bank of Australasia. An importer. Invested in Qld sugar plantations and pastoral properties [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

NAPOLEON III, 1808-73, Emperor of France. President of Republic, 1848-52. Emperor, 1852-71[EB].

NARES, George Strong, 1831-1915, British naval officer. Entered the Royal Navy in 1845. Captain of HMS Challenger during the first stage of its voyage of scientific research, 1872-4. Commander of the British expedition to the Arctic, 1875-6. FRS, 1875. KCB, 1876.Promoted to rear-admiral, 1887, and vice-admiral, 1892 [DNB].

NAUDIN, Charles Victor, 1815-99, botanist, horticulturist. An early plant hybridizer. DrSci (Paris), 1842. Botanist at the Museum of Natural History, Paris (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle) from 1845. Owned an experimental garden at Collioure, 1869-78. From 1878 Director of the Botanic Garden at the Villa Thuret, Antibes [TL2]. Translator in B87.14.06. Eucalyptus naudiana.

NEATE, Ambrose Charles, 1843-1923. Emigrated with his family to Vic. in 1852. Joined the staff of the Melbourne Botanic Garden in 1858 as office boy; Senior Clerk from 1885; Acting Curator in 1890 while William Guilfoyle was in Europe [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

NECKER, Noel Joseph De, 1730-93, French botanist and historiographer. Born in Lille. Court botanist at Mannheim [TL2].

NEES VON ESENBECK, Christian Gottfried Daniel, 1776-1858, philosopher, physician, botanist. DrMed (Giessen), 1800. President of the Leopoldina, 1818-58. Professor of Botany at Erlangen, Bavaria 1818-19, Bonn, 1819-30, Breslau, 1831-51 [TL2].

NEGRI, Cristoforo, 1809-96, Italian geographer. Studied at Pavia. Bureaucrat in Piedmont from 1848 and later in the government of a united Italy, with special responsibilities for foreign affairs. Founder and president for life of the Italian Geographical Society, 1867. Created baron, 1882 [Enciclopedia italiana]. Father of Maria NEGRI. Negria.

NEGRI, Maria Luisa, 1852-95. Daughter of Christoforo Negri. M bequeathed to her his private correspondence, certificates and notebooks but she predeceased him.

NEILD, James Edward, 1824-1906, medical practitioner and drama critic. Born in England. Studied surgery at University College, London. Went to Australia in 1853. Operated a pharmaceutical business in Melbourne, 1855-61, before opening a medical practice. Editor of the Australian Medical Journal, 1862-79. Lecturer in forensic medicine at the University of Melbourne, 1865-1904. Theatre critic for the Australasian, 1865-90 [ADB]. Darwinia neildiana.

NELLE, Amalie, c. 1821-91, German naturalist. Married Wilhelm August Salomon Dietrich c.1846. In Qld, 1863-73, as natural history collector for Godeffroy Museum, Hamburg, then returned to Germany [ADB]. Plant specimens collected in Qld are in the Melbourne Herbarium. Acacia dietrichiana.

NETHERLANDS, King of. See Willem III.

NEUHAUSS, Otto. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

NEUMAYER, Georg Balthasar von, 1826-1909, geophysicist, meteorologist. In Australia 1851-4. Returned in 1857 and established a magnetic and meteorological observatory at Melbourne. Magnetic survey of Vic., 1858-64. Returned to Germany in 1864. Hydrographer to the German Admiralty from 1872. Director of the Hamburg Oceanic Observatory, 1876-1903 [ADB].

NEWBERY, James Cosmo, 1843-95, industrial chemist and public servant. Born in Italy of British parents. Went to US, then to England. Educated at Harvard University (BSc, 1864) and the Royal School of Mines, London. Went to Melbourne in 1865 to be analyst to Geological Survey of Vic. Scientific superintendent of Industrial and Technological Museum, Melbourne, 1870-95. CMG, 1881 [ADB].

NEWCASTLE, Duke of , See Clinton , Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham.

NEWELL, HOOPER & STEPHENS, Messrs. Plant/seed donors to the Melbourne Botanic Garden. s [e.g. B58.11.02].

NEWMAN, Francis William [1796]-1859, gardener. Curator of the Royal Society of Tasmania Botanic Garden, Hobart, 1847-59 [‘Obituary’, Mercury, 29 August 1859]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

NEWTON, Isaac, 1642-1727, English mathematician. With his theory of gravity solved the problem of the motions of the planets. Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge, 1669-96. President of the Royal Society of London, 1703-27 [DSB].

NICHOLLS, Robert Uriah, c1834-1910, nurseryman. Born in England. Went to Vic. in 1853. Established a large and successful nursery at Ballarat [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

NICHOLS, Richard Shaw (1812-1887). Businessman. Born Hallas, Bradford, Yorkshire England. Arrived Vic 1852 with wife and daughter, described as having no occupation. Storekeeper at Eureka by November 1852, manager gold mining company by 1865, joined Victorian Woollen and Cloth Manufacturing Company, Geelong: acting secretary 1865, company secretary 1879-87. [Vic death certificate 6459/1887; Inwards passenger lists; various Vic newspapers]

NICHOLSON, Charles, 1808-1903, politician, scholar. Chancellor of the University of Sydney, 1854-62. Baronet, 1859 [DNB]. Goodenia nicholsonii, Hoya nicholsoniae.

NICHOLSON, William, 1816-65, merchant and politician. Born in England. Went to Port Phillip in 1842 and established a grocery business. Became a very successful businessman. Mayor of Melbourne, 1850-1. MLC, 1852-6; MLA, 1859-64. Premier and Chief Secretary, 1859-60 [ADB].

NISSER, Pedro, 1799-1878, mining engineer. Born in England of Swedish parents. Educated in Sweden. Worked as a mining engineer in Colombia for many years. In Vic., 1859-70.

NOBLE, Richard (1840-1912). General merchant. Born Bath, Somerset, England; described as ‘hosier assistant’, England census 1861, ‘hosier’ Streatham Common Immanuel marriage certificate 1873, ‘merchant clothier’ England census 1881. Arrived Vic 1882, described as ‘merchant’ (with erroneous age); secretary, Belgian Export Company, Collins Street Melbourne, acting as trustee in insolvency proceedings; moved to Beaconsfield Vic 1888, active in civic affairs. [Various Vic newspapers; Vic death certificate 6349/1912; Vic passenger lists VPRS 947/P0000, Apr - Jun 1882; marriage certificate, England census 1881]

NOLTE, Ernst Ferdinand, 1791-1875, botanist. DrMed (Göttingen), 1817. Professor of Botany at the University of Kiel and Director of the Botanic Garden, 1826-73 [TL2].

NORDENSKIOLD, NILS ADOLF ERIK, 1832-1901, Finnish-born Swedish explorer, geographer and geologist. Leader of the Vega expedition (1878-80) that discovered the northeastern passage from Europe around north Asia [TL2].

NÖRDLINGER, Hermann von, 1818-97, German forest administrator. Professor of forestry at Grand-Jouan (Loire) 1843-5; Hohenheim, 1845-52. Forest administrator and professor of forestry at Hohenheim and Tübingen from 1855 [TL2].

NORDSTEDT, Carl Fredrik Otto, 1838-1924, Swedish phycologist. Amanuensis at Lund botanical institute, 1878-86; curator, 1886-1909; professor from 1903 [TL2].

NORDT, Rebecca Henrietta Wilhelminia, 1849-c1885. A member of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee, 1865, and briefly engaged to M. Married Arthur Robert Moule in 1869. Became a professional singer; is said to have died while on a tour to India [Maroske & Brown-May (1994)]. Alsophila rebeccae, Tetracera nordtiana.

NORMANBY, George Augustus Constantine Phipps, 2nd Marquis of, 1819-90, British colonial governor. Officer in Scots Guards, 1838-46. MP, 1847-50, 1852-7. Lieut-governor of Nova Scotia, 1858-63; governor of Qld, 1871-4; NZ, 1874-8; Vic, 1879-84. GCMG, 1877; GCB, 1885 [ADB].

NORTON, James, 1824-1906, solicitor. Born in Sydney. Admitted as a solicitor, 1848. Active in civic affairs: Trustee of the Australian Museum, 1874-1906, Free Public Library from 1876, Sydney parks from 1876, Zoological Station from 1879. Appointed MLC, 1879, Post Master General 1884-5. Interested in natural history: a founder of the Linnean Society of NSW, president, 1899, 1900; member Royal Society NSW 1873; active horticulturalist, built botanical collection. Member Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, NSW Branch, 1891. Hon LLD, St Andrews University 1891. [ ADB ].

NYLANDER, William, 1822-99, botanist. Born in Finland. MD, Helsinki, 1847. Professor of botany, Helsinki, 1857-63. In Paris, 1863-99 [TL2].

NYULASY, Charles William, -1889, surveyor. Draughtsman in Lands & Survey Dept., Vic., from 1861; arrived WA 1884, collected plants in Kimberley District, WA 1886-87, warden Pilbara goldfield 1888-89. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [George (2007)].

O

O’DRISCOLL, John (c.1807-1891). Roman Catholic priest. Born Cork, Ireland, ordained c.1843, then to India as army chaplain. To Vic 1861, chaplain Melbourne Hospital via St Francis’s Church; priest in charge Emerald Hill, 1864-91, Dean 1879. [ Advocate (Melbourne), 10 December 1947, p. 16; Advocate (Melbourne), 21 March 1891, p. 15]

O’HALLORAN, Thomas Joseph Shuldham, 1835-1922, magistrate. Born in England. Son of T. S. O’HALLORAN. Went to SA with his family in 1838. Educated at St Peter’s College, Adelaide. Treasury cadet, 1853. Employed in National Bank, 1865-72. Stipendiary magistrate, 1874, with country appointments [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

O’HALLORAN, Thomas Shuldham, 1797-1870, police commissioner. Born in India. Educated at Royal Military College, UK. British Army, 1813-38; in India, 1813-34. Retired as major. Went to SA in 1838. Commissioner of police, 1840-3. MLC, 1843-63. Father of T. J. S. O’HALLORAN [ADB].

O’LOGHLEN, Bryan, 1828-1905, politician. Born in Dublin. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin (BA, 1856). Went to Melbourne, 1862. MLC, Vic., 1878. Premier, 1881-2. Baronet, 1877. Continued in Parliament until 1900 [ADB].

O’SHANASSY, H. (fl. 1895). Not further identified.

O’SHANASSY, John, 1818-83, politician, businessman. Born in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1839. MLC and MLA. Trustee of the Public Library, Gallery and Museum, Melbourne. Chief Secretary three times. Papal knighthood, 1866; CMG, 1870; KCMG, 1874 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B62.03.01].

O’SHANESY, John, 1834-99, nurseryman. Born in Ireland. Brother of Patrick O’Shanesy. Went to Qld. in 1861. A gardener at the Brisbane Botanic Garden until 1866, then established a nursery at Rockhampton, Qld. Collected plants for M [Desmond]. Capparis shanesiana, Cupania oshanesiana, Hannafordia shanesii, Solanum shanesii.

O’SHANESY, Patrick Adams, 1837-84, nurseryman. Born in Ireland. Brother of John O’shanesy. Followed his brother to Qld. in 1864, and was employed by him at his nursery at Rockhampton, Qld. until 1876, when he established his own business [Desmond]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [B69.07.03].

ODGERS, William Henry, 1828-81, public servant. Born in England. Joined the Chief Secretary’s department in Melbourne in 1852; Under- Secretary from 1869 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Anthocercis odgersii.

OERSTED [ÖRSTED, ØRSTED], Anders Sandö, 1816-72, Danish naturalist. Schoolteacher at Copenhagen, 1839-44. Travelled in Central America, 1845-8. Lecturer and later professor of botany at Copenhagen,1851-62 [TL2].

OLDFIELD, Augustus Frederick, 1820-87, botanical collector [Desmond]. Sent cryptogamic specimens to William Hooker from Tas.Collected for M in WA. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Acacia oldfieldii, Calothamnus oldfieldii, Chloanthes oldfieldii, Eremophila oldfieldii, Eriostemon oldfieldii, Eucalyptus oldfieldii, Helichrysum oldfieldii, Lamprochlaena oldfieldii, Lasiopetalum oldfieldii, Scaevola oldfieldii, Solanum oldfieldii, Styphelia oldfieldii.

OLIVER, Daniel, 1830-1916, English botanist. Assistant at Kew Herbarium from 1858; Keeper, 1864-90. Professor of botany at University College, London, 1861-88. FLS, 1853. FRS, 1863 [Desmond].

OLSHAUSEN, Justus, 1800-82, orientalist. Born in Schleswig-Holstein. Professor of oriental studies at University of Kiel from 1823. Rector of the University of Kiel in 1846. Professor at Königsberg, 1853. Counsellor for University Affairs in Ministry of Education, Berlin, from 1858.

ORD, Harry St George, 1819-85, English soldier and colonial governor. Educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. Served in Ireland, the West Indies, West Africa and Ascension. Special Commissioner, Gold Coast; then Lieut-Governor, Dominica, 1857. Governor, Bermuda, 1861; Straits Settlements, 1867. Lieut-Governor, SA, 1877. KCMG, 1877. Governor, WA, 1878-80. GCMG, 1881 [ADB].

OSWALD [Osswald], Ferdinand, pharmacist. Acquired the BÜTTNER and Heuzenroeder pharmacy in Rundle St, Adelaide, 1849 [South Australian register, 3 January 1849, p. 2; 21 April 1849, p. 2]. Acacia oswaldi.

OWEN, Richard, 1804-92, comparative anatomist. Superintendent of the Natural History Departments, British Museum, 1856-84. FRS, 1834. KCB, 1884 [DNB]. Owenia acidula.

P

PAGET, James, 1814-99, surgeon. Studied at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London (MRCS, 1836). Surgeon at St Bartolomew’s Hospital from 1861. FRCS, 1843. Surgeon to Queen Victoria from 1858. FRS, 1851. Created Baronet, 1871 [DNB]. Pagetia.

PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, Ambrose Marie François Joseph, 1752-1820. French traveller and botanist. Educated at Paris. Government official, 1772-7. Travelled in West Africa, 1786-8; Saint Domingue (Haiti), 1788-91; USA, 1791-8. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1806 [NBG].

PALMER, Arthur Hunter (1819-1898). Pastoralist, politician. Born Armagh, Ireland; to Sydney 1838. Managed pastoral properties in NSW, purchased property in Qld, developing ‘Beaufort’. Magistrate Port Curtis 1865. MLA 1867-81: Colonial Secretary and Secretary for Public Works, 1867-8. Colonial Secretary and Premier, 1870-4. Colonial Secretary and President of Executive Council, 1879. MLC 1881: acted as Administrator in absence of Governor; Lieutenant Governor 1895-6. [ ADB ]

PALMER, James Frederick, 1803-71, medical practitioner, politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne via Sydney. Mayor of Melbourne, 1845-6. MLC, 1848-70. Knighted, 1857. Trustee of the Melbourne Public Library, Gallery and Museum. Chairman of the Board of National Education, 1851-2, and of the Board of Education [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

PAMPLIN, William, 1806-99, bookseller and publisher in London [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B63.05.01].

PANCHER, Jean Armand Isodore, 1814-77, French botanist and collector. Gardener and collector in Tahiti 1849-57; in New Caledonia, 1857-69, 1874-7 [TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Pancheria.

PANTON, Joseph Anderson, 1831-1913, public servant. Born in Scotland. Went to Sydney in 1851, then to Vic. Goldfields commissioner, 1852-8; later magistrate in various districts. Senior magistrate, Melbourne, 1874-1907. Leaseholder in Kimberley district, WA. CMG, 1895 [ADB].

PAPPE, Carl Wilhelm Ludwig, 1803-62, botanist. Born at Hamburg. MD Leipzig, 1827. Went to South Africa in 1831 and established a medical practice. Commissioner of Botanic Garden at the Cape,1848-50. Colonial Botanist and professor of botany at South African College, 1858-62 [Desmond].

PARK, ? (fl. 1887). Not further identified.

PARKER, Henry Watson, 1808-81, civil servant, politician. Born in England. With the East India Company. Private Secretary to Governor Gipps, Sydney from 1838. MLC. Colonial Secretary, 1856-7. Trustee of the Australian Museum. KCMG, 1877 [ADB].

PARKES, Henry, 1815-96, journalist and politician. Born in England. Went to Sydney, 1839. Became a writer in 1840s; entered politics in 1849; MLC, NSW, 1854. Went to England, 1861-3. Re-entered NSW Parliament, 1864-70; Colonial Secretary, 1866; Premier, 1878-81, 1887-9. A leading figure in the Federation movement in Australia. KCMG, 1877; GCMG, 1888 [ADB].

PARLATORE, Filippo, 1816-77, Italian botanist. Professor of botany and director of the botanic garden at Florence, 1842-77 [TL2]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B69.07.03]. Callitris parlatorei.

PARNABY, Matthew (1823-1903). Grazier. Born Whenby, Yorkshire, England; in Natal in 1850s, then to Vic 1854, returning to UK listed as farmer in Wapping (east London) England when married 1860. In Vic by1862, at Belvoir (later named Wodonga); acquired land by selection and purchase, at death held ‘Whenby Grange’ and other land. Trustee Methodist church property; member of Wodonga shire council for some years to c.1890 [St George-the-East, London marriage register; Wodonga and Toowong sentinel , 9 October 1903, p. 2; various Vic newspapers; Vic probate registers]

PARRY, Charles Christopher, 1823-90, botanist and explorer. Born in England. Went to USA, 1832. MD, Columbia College, 1846. Botanist to Mexican Boundary Survey, 1849-61. Explored Rocky Mountains, 1861-7; botanist with Pacific Railway Survey, 1867-9. Botanist to Agricultural Department, Washington, 1869-72; to San Domingo Commission, 1871. Explored in Utah, Nevada, California and Mexico from 1872 [Desmond, TL2]. Plant contributor (via Asa Gray) to the Melbourne Herbarium [B63.05.01].

PARSONS, Laurence, fourth earl of Rosse (1840-1908). Astronomer and engineer. Born Parsonstown (Birr from 1899), Ireland; graduated Trinity College, Dublin 1864. Worked in radiant heat of the moon, gifted inventor. Chancellor University of Dublin from 1885. FRS 1867, Fellow Royal Astronomical Society 1867, Hon DCL Oxford 1870; Hon LLD Dublin 1879, Cambridge 1900. [ ODNB ]

PASCO, Crawford Atchison Denman, 1818-98, naval officer and police magistrate. Born in England. Joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1830. Served with Owen Stanley in founding Port Essington, NT, 1838, and with J. L. Stokes in HMS Beagle in surveying the north coast of Australia, 1839-42. Settled in Vic., 1852. Police magistrate at Williamstown, 1852-7, and at various country towns until 1878. A founding member of the RGSA (Vic.) and Chairman of its Antarctic Committee [ADB].

PASLEY, Charles, 1824-90, military engineer, politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1853 as Colonial Engineer. Commissioner of Public Works, 1855-7. Inspector General of Public Works to 1859. Vic. Agent General in London. CB, 1880. Major General, 1890 [ADB; VPRS 943, PROV]. Member of the Committee of Management of the Melbourne Zoological Garden [Animal donor to the Melbourne Botanic and Zoological Garden [B58.11.02].

PASSOW, Eduard Hans Friedrich, 1800-75, German official. City councillor at Rostock from 1840; mayor, 1871-5 [Rostock city archives].

PASTEUR, Louis, 1822-95, French chemist and microbiologist. Studied at École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 1843-6. Professor of chemistry, Strasbourg, 1849-54; Lille, 1854-7. Director of scientific studies, École Normale, 1857-67; director of physiological chemistry laboratory, 1867-88. Professor of chemistry, Sorbonne, 1867-74. Director of Institut Pasteur, Paris, 1888-95 [DSB].

PATERSON, Alexander Stewart (1833-1902). Medical practitioner. Born Edinburgh, Scotland, LRCSE, 1856, MD Edinburgh, 1857. Ship’s surgeon 1858-62; registered medical practitioner Vic 1863, Medical Officer Melbourne Lunatic Asylum 1863; to SA, registered 1867, Resident Medical Officer, Adelaide Lunatic Asylum 1867-96. Also Colonial Surgeon 1870-95, Member SA Central Board of Health, SA Medical Board, Member of Council Adelaide University 1879-82. [ Adelaide observer , 11 January 1902, p. 33; AMPI; various SA newspapers]

PATTERSON, James Brown, 1833_95, butcher, auctioneer and politician. Born in England. Went to Vic., 1852. Farmed in Vic. before settling in Melbourne in 1870. MLA, Vic., 1870-95. Commissioner for Public Works, 1875, 1877-80; Commissioner for Railways, 1880-1. Premier and Chief Secretary, 1893-4. KCMG, 1894 [ADB].

PAUL, Alexander (c.1816-1891). Miner. Born Townhead, Glasgow, Scotland. To Vic c.1853, settled Inglewood goldfields; President, Sandhurst (now Bendigo) Mining Managers Association(?); active in Masonic Lodge, Anglican Church; Dog inspector 1878-?. [ Bendigo advertiser 5 November, 1891, p. 2; various Victorian newspapers; Vic death certificate 15908/1891]

PAUL, William, 1822-1905, English nurseryman. Founded the Royal Nurseries at Waltham Cross, England, in 1860. Specialized in roses. FLS, 1875 [Desmond].

PAXTON, Joseph, 1803-65, gardener, designer. Born in England. Gardener for the Horticultural Society of London, Chiswick in 1823. Head Gardener to the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth from 1826. FLS, 1831. Knighted, 1851 [Desmond].

PEARSON, William (1818-1893). Pastoralist and politician. Born Hilton, Fife, Scotland; arrived Australia 1840, selected ‘Kilmany Park’ in Gippsland, developed extensive land holdings in region; majority shareholder in Walhalla gold mine 1865. MLA 1864-7, MLC 1881-93. [ ADB ]

PEIROLERI, Augusto (1831-1912). Public servant. Born Turin, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (now Italy); entered civil service 1853 rising after unification of Italy to Director-General of consuls and commerce 1868; finally Minister to Bern, retired 1896. [Ministero Degli Affari Esteri, Indici dell’archivo storico, vol. 10: Inventario D e lla ‘Serie D’ (Direzione dell’Archivio Storico, Rome (1988)), no. 40, pp. 44-5]

PÉRON, Francois, 1775-1810, French naturalist. Served in French army, 1792-4. Educated at Paris medical school (École de Medecine) and the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris. Naturalist and anthropologist on Nicolas BAUDIN’s expedition to survey the coast of Australia, 1800-3 [ADB].

PERRIN, George Samuel, 1846-1900, forester. Born in England. Went to Vic., 1853; educated in Melbourne. Forester in S.A., 1880; Chief Forester at Wirrabara, SA, 1885. FLS, 1885. Conservator of Forests, Tas., 1886-7; Vic., 1888-1900 [Desmond, Hall (1978)].

PERROTT, Robert Issell (1822-1895). Public servant, artist, farmer. Born Plymouth, Devon, England; arrived NSW 1839. Career in NSW public service from 1852: Registrar Court of Bequests, Kiama 1852; Coroner, Kiama, 1859; JP, Clerk of Petty Sessions and Police Magistrate appointments at Kiama, Port Macquarie, Waratah, finally Hillston (retired 1895). Held property at Kelly’s Plains, Armidale district from c.1862. Prolific watercolour sketcher, natural history collector. [ Armidale chronicle (NSW), 17 August 1895, p. 4; Design & Art Australia (accessed 15 April 2023), various issues NSW Government gazette]

PERRY, Charles, 1807-91, Anglican bishop. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1848 as first Anglican Bishop. Returned to England in 1874 [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

PERRY, George, 1829-?, and PERRY, William, 1827-85, nurserymen. Sons of the nurseryman Richard Perry, with whom they emigrated to Melbourne in 1849, and whom they assisted in managing the ‘Fulham Grange’ nursery he established at Alphington [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

PERSIEH, W. Anthony, 1826-?, pharmacist and surveyor. Born in Belgium. Went to Vic., then to Qld .by 1878. Laid out nursery of Cooktown Botanic Garden, Qld, 1885 [J. Willis et al. (1986)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Bauhinia persiehii, Hakea persiehana.

PERSOON, Christian Hendrik, 1761-1836, botanist, mycologist. Born at the Cape of Good Hope. In Paris, 1802-36 [DSB, TL2].

PERTHES, Bernhard, 1858-1919, German publisher. Director of Justus Perthes Geographische Anstalt, Gotha, 1881-1919 [Painke (1985)].

PETERMANN, August Heinrich, 1822-78, German Geographer. Director Of Justus Perthes’ Geographisches Anstalt, Gotha. Founder-Editor Of Petermann’s Geographische Mittheilungen (= Mittheilungen Aus Justus Perthes’ Geographischer Anstalt) [All.DB]. Petermannia.

PFAFF, Christoph Heinrich, 1773-1852, German medical professor. Born at Stuttgart. Professor of medicine at Kiel, 1797-1845, where he established the chemical laboratory [DBE].

PHIBBS, Mr G. Overseer on the North Australian Exploring Expedition 1855-6, and on the Leichhardt Search Expedition, 1857-58, both led by Augustus Gregory. Also in the overland party under Charles Gregory sent from Adelaide to assist surveyor Benjamin Babbage in 1858 [Threadgill (1922)].

PHILIPPI, Rudolph Amandus [Rodolfo Amando], 1808-1904, botanist. Born in Germany. Studied in Berlin (DrPhil, 1830). In Italy 1830-2, 1838-40. Teacher at the Technical School, Kassel, 1835-8, 1840-51. Emigrated to Chile, 1851. Professor of botany and zoology, Santiago, 1853-74. Director, National Museum (Museo nacional) until 1897. Writer on Chilean flora [TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B65.10.01].

PHILLIP, John (fl. 1879). Not further identified.

PHILLIPS, Clarence Alfred (1851-1884). Railway official. Born Grafton, NSW; railway stationmaster, Qld Central Railway from c.1874, finally at Pine Hill. [ Morning bulletin (Rockhampton), various Qld newspapers]

PICHLER, Karoline, 1769-1843, Austrian novelist. Educated in languages, literature and music. A leading figure in Viennese culture. Author of ballads and historical romances [DBE].

PICKERING, Joseph William (1823-1900). Photographer. Born Great Driffield, Yorkshire, England; operated photographic and photo-printing business; to Vic 1884. Briefly managed Great Western wine business 1887-8. Keen amateur botanist and entomologist; interested in metallurgy. Council member Stawell School of Mines. [England and Wales Non-Conformist registers, Great Driffield Yorkshire; Ararat advertiser and chronicle for the Stawell and Wi m mera districts , 10 July 1900, p. 2; Victoria unassisted passenger lists; various Vic newspapers]

PIERRE, Jean Baptiste Louis, 1833-1905, French botanist. Born at Réunion. Studied in Paris and Strasbourg. At Calcutta botanic garden, 1861-5. Director of Saigon botanic garden, 1865-77. In France from 1877 [TL2].

PINSCHOF, Carl Ludwig, 1855-1926, merchant. Born in Austria. Went to Melbourne in 1880; became a partner in an importing firm. Honorary consul in Vic for Austria-Hungary from 1885 [ADB].

PITCHER, Frederick, 1856-1935, gardener. Born at Collingwood, Vic. Employed at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1869-1917.

PLANCHON, Jules Emile, 1823-88, botanist. DrSciNat (Montpellier) 1844. Assistant to William Hooker, 1844-8. Professor of Botany, Ghent, 1849-51; Nancy, 1851-3; Montpellier, 1853-88. Director of the Montpellier Botanic Garden, 1881-8 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B63.05.01]. Citrus planchoni, Eucalyptus planchoniana.

PLOOS VAN AMSTEL, Daniel, 1832-90, merchant. Went to Melbourne in the 1850s to join his brother Willem in business. Also brother of J. H. Ploos van Amstel. Succeeded Willem as Dutch Consul in 1879. FRS Vic. 1885 [Trans. Roy. Geog. Soc. Aust., 8(1) (1890), 64-5]

PLUMMER, Andrew (1812-1901). Medical practitioner, agriculturist. Born Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland; studied medicine Edinburgh: LRCS Edinburgh 1832, MD 1834; practised Brighton, England c.1836-52. Deserted family and absconded from debts 1852, arrested New York having arrived with 19-year-old woman. Arrived Vic 1853. Medical practice Sandridge (now Port Melbourne); held several associated appointments. Active in local government; first Mayor of Sandridge 1863-5, simultaneously mayor of Gisborne 1865. JP 1859. From 1857 purchased land at Gisborne, establishing ‘Wyabun Park’ estate of c. 440 ha. Member of agricultural societies; Council of National Agricultural Society, president 1882, 1884-90; chairman Council of Agricultural Education 1883-9; Member royal commission on vegetable products and of five exhibition commissions. [ Le a der (Melbourne), 31 August 1889, p. 10; Ar g us (Melbourne), 23 July 1901, p. 5; A D B ; various issues English newspapers]

POHLMAN, Robert Williams, 1811-77, judge. Born in England. Admitted to the English Bar. Went to Port Phillip in 1840. Admitted to the colonial Bar in 1841. Junior to Redmond Barry from 1847. Appointed a County Court judge in 1852. A member of the Royal Commission on education, 1866 [ADB]. Chairman of the trustees of the Melbourne General Cemetery. Achras pohlmaniana.

POHLMANN, Anna Maria Elisabeth, 1770-1850. M’s grandmother. From Magdeburg. Married Johann Georg Mertens, 28 April 1793.

POIRET, Jean Louis Marie, 1755-1834, French priest and botanist. Travelled in North Africa, 1785-6 [TL2].

POLAK, Joseph, fl 1880s. Gardener in WA. Recommended by M to be collector on proposed expedition to Kimberley district of north-west Australia. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Ptilotus polakii.

POLLEN, Daniel, 1813-96, NZ politician. Born in Ireland. Went to NSW and then, c1840, to NZ. Practised medicine at Auckland, 1841-7, and then at Kawau. A public servant and a member of the Auckland Provincial Council from 1854. Member of the NZ Legislative Council, with interruptions, from 1861; Colonial Secretary, 1873-6 [DNZB].

PORTER, Donald Alexander (1851-1928). Public servant. Born Tamworth, NSW; joined NSW public service as Clerk of Works, Department of Public Instruction, 1881, retired c.1906, afterwards architect in private practise, Tamworth. Active geologist, member of Royal Society of New South Wales, 1882-c.1889. [NSW public service lists; Manning River times (Taree, NSW), 8 Feb 1928, p. 1; various NSW newspapers]

POTTER, William, 1836-1908, Baptist clergyman. Born in Ireland. Went to Australia, 1839. Educated in Hobart. Worked on Bendigo goldfields, Vic., 1852-3. Studied at University of Melbourne. Ordained in the Baptist Church. Founder of the Victorian Education League [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. One of the executors of M’s estate.

POWELL, Thomas (1817-1887) [some sources erroneously give 1803]. Missionary. Born Cookham Dean, Berkshire, England; ordained as London Missionary Society missionary 1844. Arrived Samoa 1845, mostly at Tutuila with some time at other south sea missions; left for furlough 1885 but died in Cornwall before he could return. Visited Melbourne on return journey from leave 1869. Special interest in mosses; also worked on anthropology, linguistics and translation into Samoan vernacular. FLS 1867. [ Sibree (1923), pp. 58-9]

POWELL, Walter David Tayler (1831-1906). Master mariner, policeman, lighthouse keeper. Born Bampton, Oxfordshire, England. Merchant sailor, deserted at Melbourne 1852; to Forest Creek (now Castlemaine) gold fields; returned to England and then back to Melbourne 1853, Bendigo goldfields; joined mounted troopers, Beechworth gold escort. Lieutenant, Qld Native police 1855-63. At sea on Australian coasters. Re-joined Qld public service: water police, Somerset 1874-8, Goode Island meteorological observer and signalman, 1878-87, light keeper Cape Moreton 1887-1900, superintendent Double Island point 1900-3. [Clanfield (Oxfordshire) Parish register of births; Morning bulletin (Rockhampton), 30 May 1903, p. 6; Morning bulletin (Rockhampton), 28 December 1906, p. 7] Thunbergia powellii.

POWLETT, Frederick Armand, 1811-65, public servant, pastoralist. Born in England. Went to VDL in 1837. Police Magistrate in the Port Phillip district. A Commissioner of Crown Lands. Police Magistrate at Kyneton, Vic. in 1853 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

PRAHL, Peter, 1843-1911, German physician and botanist. Born in Schleswig. Studied medicine at Wandsbeck. Military physician at Flensburg, 1868-70, 1876-9; at Hadersleben, 1871-6; at Kiel, 1879-88; at Stettin, 1890; at Wandsbeck, 1890-2; at Rostock, 1892-9. Retired to Lübeck, 1899. An ardent amateur botanist from his student days [TL2].

PRANTL, Karl Anton Eugen, 1849-93, German botanist. Dr Phil, Munich, 1870. Studied with von Naegeli and Ludwig RADLKOFER, and in 1871-6 at Würzburg with Sachs; professor of botany at the forestry college of Aschaffenburg, 1876-89 and at Breslau, 1889-93. Founder with Adolf Engler of Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien [TL2].

PRATT, Anna Maria, 1838?-1932. Only daughter of Major-general Sir Thomas Pratt, commander of the troops in the Aust. colonies, 1860-3. Second wife of Sir Henry Barkly, whom she married in July 1860 [ADB].

PREISS, Johann August Ludwig, 1811-83, naturalist. Born in Germany. At the Swan River settlement, WA 1838-42. Collected and sold natural history specimens. Naturalized British subject in 1841. Returned to Germany and settled at Herzberg im Harz in 1844 [ADB]. Aster preissii.

PRICE, John (1855-1895). Farmer, blacksmith, gunsmith. Born Winchelsea, Vic. Operated farm and blacksmith business Gerangamete, Vic; patented tree-puller, 1885; gunsmith business Colac 1890s. [ Colac herald 5 November 1895, p. 3; Victoria Government gazette 10 April 1885, p. 1038; various issues of Colac newspapers; Vic inquest files VPRS 24/P0000, 1895/1358]

PRINGSHEIM, Nathanael, 1823-94, German botanist. DrPhil, Berlin, 1848. Lectured at Leipzig and Berlin, 1850-64. Professor of botany and director of the Jena Botanic Garden, 1864-8. Worked privately at Berlin from 1868. One of the founders of the German Botanical Society; President, 1882-94 [TL2].

PRITZEL, Georg August, 1815-74, botanist, bibliographer. At the Royal Library, Berlin, 1851-72. Archivist and Librarian at the Prussian Academy of Sciences, 1854-72 [TL2].

PRUSSIA, Princess of. See Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa.

PURDIE, John (1845-1926). Bookseller and stationer. Born Peebles, Scotland; to Vic. c.1854 with parents who farmed in Geelong district. Entered partnership as bookseller and stationer 1868, on death of partners sole trader 1870-1921. Active in local charitable affairs, especially Geelong Hospital. [Scotland, Old Parish Registers, Births 760 / Eddleston, p. 71; Vic death certificate 5494/1926; Geelong advertiser , 30 July 1926, p. 8; Geelong advertiser , 29 June 1921, p. 2; various Vic newspapers]

PUTTERLICK, Alois, 1810-45, botanist, physician. Curator at the Natural History Museum, Vienna, 1840-45 [TL2].

PÜTTMANN, Hermann Wilhelm, 1840-1914, journalist and writer. Born in Germany, eldest son of the radical writer Hermann Püttmann. Went to Tas. in 1855 and later to Melbourne with his family. Founder of the Association for German Schools of Victoria. Secretary of the Melbourne Deutsche Liedertafel [ADB].

PYKE, Vincent, 1827-94, politician, public servant, writer. Born in England. Went to Vic., 1852. MLC, MLA; a radical. President of the Board of Land and Works, 1860. Went to NZ. Warden and resident Magistrate on the goldfields. Member of NZ House of Representatives [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

Q

QUATREFAGES DE BRÉAU, Jean Louis Armand de, 1810-92, French naturalist. Studied medicine and natural history at Strasbourg. Professor of natural history at the Lycée Napoléon, Paris, 1850-5. Professor of anthropology and ethnography at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, from 1855 [Debus]. Quintinia quatrefagesii.

R

R.Br. (sometimes RBr) See BROWN, Robert (1773-1858).

RABENHORST, Gottlob Ludwig, 1806-81, German cryptogamist. Pharmacist at Luckau, 1831-40. DrPhil Jena, 1841. As a private scholar, dedicated himself entirely to cryptogamy, at Dresden 1840-75, then at Meissen 1875-81 [TL2].

RADDENBERRY, John (1820-1898). Horticulturalist and garden curator. Born Rockbeare, Devon, England. Florist, Clifton, Bristol 1851. Arrived Melbourne 1853, in partnership florists and nurserymen Melbourne 1856, dissolved 1857; in Ballarat area 1862-72: cultivated vineyard, manager Scarsdale Common at Ercildoun 1870. Curator of Parks and Gardens, Geelong, 1872-96. Active in temperance movement. Member RHS and Vic Horticultural societies. [England census 1851; Geelong advertiser, 1 March 1898, p. 2; Aitken & Looker (2002).]

RADLKOFER, Ludwig Adolph Timotheus von, 1829-1927, German botanist. DrMed, Munich, 1854. DrPhil, Jena, 1855. Professor of botany at Munich, 1863-1913; director of the Botanical Museum and State Herbarium, 1891-27 [TL2].

RADTKE, Charles [Carl] (c.1850-19??). Businessman. Born, Germany. Arrived Melbourne 1880 with wife and family; established business as iron-safe maker; later a publican and perambulator maker. To Natal, South Africa 1900, living in Durban when son Emil died on 18 May 1912. [Age (Melbourne) 22 June 1912, p. 5, Vic unassisted passenger lists.]

RAFN, Carl Christian, 1795-1864, Danish archaeologist. Librarian at Copenhagen and secretary of the Royal Society of Nordic Antiquaries [Debus].

RAINGILL, Thomas. Town clerk, Warrnambool, Vic.

RALPH, Thomas Shearman, 1813-91, physician. ALS, 1842. Went to Australia in 1851. In NZ, 1852-9. Physician in Melbourne from 1859 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

RALSTON, Alex J. Of South Yarra, Vic. Assisted M to obtain plants from the Chatham Islands. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Eriostemon ralstoni.

RAMEL, Prospero, nurseryman. Of France. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B61.02.01]. Met M on visit to Melbourne, 1855-7 [B80.13.14]. Eucalyptus rameliana, Goodenia ramelii.

RAMMELSBERG, Karl Friedrich, 1813-99, German chemist. Studied chemistry at Berlin (DrPhil, 1837). Professor of chemistry, Berlin, 1846-99. Member of Berlin Academy of Sciences, 1855. Met M at Kiel in 1846 [NDB].

RAMSAY, David, 1794-1860, medical practitioner, merchant. Born in Scotland. MD (Edinburgh), 1817. Worked as a ship’s surgeon. Settled in NSW in 1823 as a merchant and landowner including a nursery at Dobroyd. Father of ornithologist Edward Ramsay [ADB].

RAMSAY, Edward Pierson, 1842-1916, zoologist. Born at Ashfield, NSW. An active naturalist from boyhood, especially in ornithology. Established the Dobroyd Nursery at Ashfield in 1867. Curator of the Australian Museum, 1874-94 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B63.05.01, B69.07.03]. Livistona ramsayi.

RAMSAY, Robert, 1842-82, solicitor and politician. Born in Scotland, Went to Melbourne with his family in 1847. Studied law at the University of Melbourne, Admitted to practice in 1862. MLA 1870-82, Cabinet minister without portfolio, 1872-4; Postmaster General, 1874-5; Minister of Public Instruction, 1875-7; Chief Secretary, 1880 [ADB].

RANFORD, Henry Samuel, 1854-1934, surveyor. Born in WA. In government service in north-west Australia, 1884. Inspector of Lands & Surveys and Acting Surveyor-General, WA. Land agent at Katanning, WA, 1897. Education Officer, London, 1909 [Bicentennial dictionary of Western Australians].

RANKIN, Duncan (1856-1922). Pastoral manager, grazier. Born Chilwell, Vic; worked for William Wilson and his estate from 1876-1910, first as bookkeeper, then manager of Goonambil Station near Corowa; owned property near Drysdale NSW, share in property Ballarat Vic. NSW JP. [ Corowa free press , 28 April 1922, p. 3; Vic probate files VPRS 28/P0003, 188/043; various Australian newspapers, Vic birth index 5044/1856]

RASMUSSEN, Hans Peter, 1861-1937, herbalist. Born in Denmark. Went to Qld, 1879, and to Sydney, 1884 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

RAWLINSON, Henry Creswicke, 1810-95, British Assyriologist. In the East India Company’s army, serving in Persia and Afghanistan. Consul at Baghdad, 1844-55. KCB, 1856. MP, 1858-9, 1865-8. President of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1878-81, and of the Royal Geographical Society, 1871-2 and 1874-5. Created baronet, 1891 [DNB].

RAYNER, George Hayler (1824-1910). Farmer. Born Hamilton, Tas. To Vic goldfields 1850s; at Fairy Dale near Hamilton, Tas by 1854; inn keeper, cigar maker and hops grower Styx River district, Tas until c.1874, later farmed at New Norfolk; sometime Trustee Upper Derwent Road District. Donated zoological and mineral specimens to Tasmanian Museum. With two brothers accompanied Mueller during visit to Mount Field, 1869. [Various Tas newspapers.]

READER, Felix Maximilian (1850-1911). [Original surname RAEDER]. Pharmacist, botanist. Born Berlin; to New Zealand 1872 (described as farmer); Hospital dispenser Invercargill to 1876; in Marlborough by 1881 when exhibited collection of grasses and mosses. To Vic by 1883, listed as Chemist, Collingwood; to Dimboola c.1888, Warracknabeal 1901, Casterton by 1906 dispensing also in Newstead, Dimboola c.1910. Member Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1884, regularly exhibited or read papers until April 1888. Specialist moss collector; general herbarium of c.10,000 sheets purchased by MEL 1906-7. [ Horsham times , 31 March 1911; Hamburg passenger lists; Victorian rate books and electoral rolls; various issues Victorian naturalist; various New Zealand and Victorian newspapers; Short (1990a), p. 8].

REDDIN, Francis, 1843-1926, public servant. Born in England. Went to Vic., 1859. Entered Vic. Public Service, 1875, employed in Education Department; later served in Premier’s office. Transferred to Public Service Board, 1886; secretary, 1894. Secretary to Public Service Commissioner, Vic., c.1904-8 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

REEVE, Lovell Augustus, 1814-1865, Conchologist and publisher. Born London; from 1842 trading as natural history dealer, and publisher of natural history books from the Strand, later from Covent Garden.; FLS 1846; firm of Lovell Reeve & Co continued well into twentieth century (ODNB)

REGEL, Eduard August von, 1815-92, botanist. At Göttingen Botanic Garden, 1833-7; Bonn, 1837-9; Berlin, 1839-42; Zürich, 1842-55. DrPhil (Zürich), 1855. At the St Petersburg Botanic Garden, 1855-92; Director from 1875 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B62.03.01, B69.07.03]. Metrosideros regelii .

REICHENBACH, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig, 1793-1879, botanist, artist, ornithologist. DrPhil (Leipzig), 1815; DrMed (Leipzig), 1817. Director of the Dresden Botanic Garden, 1820-79. Director of the Natural History Cabinet, 1820-74. Professor of Natural History at the Royal Surgical Medical Academy, 1820-62 [TL2]. Prasophyllum reichenbachii.

REICHENBACH, Heinrich Gustav, 1824-89, German botanist. DrPhil, Leipzig, 1852. Extraordinary professor of botany, Leipzig, 1855-63; professor of botany and director of the botanic garden, Hamburg, 1863-89 [TL2].

REID, John (c.1856-?). Physician. Born Fordyce, Scotland; studied medicine Aberdeen; in SA by 1884: public vaccinator Port Germein. In Vic by 1889 when married; practice moved from Collins Street to Collingwood 1890. In England 1901? Certainly in London region by 1903 when published Reid (1903); locum in Deptford 1911. [Various Scottish and Australian newspapers; England and Scotland Census records]

REID, ROBERT, 1842-1904, merchant and politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne in 1855. Drapery importer from 1874, later with branches in Sydney, Adelaide and Brisbane. Represented Melbourne Chamber of Commerce at exhibitions in London, 1886, and Paris, 1889. MLA, Vic., 1892-1903 [ADB].

REINBOLD, Theodor, d. 1918, German algologist. At Kiel University Botanic Garden [TL2].

REINKE, Johannes, 1849-1931, German botanist. DrPhil, 1871. Assistant at Göttingen, 1871-2. Lecturer at Bonn, 1872-3. Professor of botany at Göttingen, 1873-84; at Kiel and director of Botanic Garden, 1887-1921. Member for Kiel University in Prussian parliament, 1894-1912 [TL2].

RENARD, Karl Johann [Ivanovich] von, 1809-86, physician and naturalist. Born at Mainz, Germany. Went to Moscow in 1834. Librarian at the Medical Academy, Moscow, from 1837. Secretary/ Editor of the Société imperiale des naturalistes, Moscow, from 1840; President, 1884 [Russkii biograficheskii slovar’].

RICHARDSON, Oliver Keble (1801-1877). Public servant. Born Vepery, Madras, India (State Library SA has Todhillwood, Northumberland, England; it is the home area of his father, who died in service in India 1806); arrived in SA 1839, selected ‘Todhillwood’ in Mt Barker district. Joined SA civil service 1841 as clerk, rising to Undersecretary 1856-67; retired to Streaky Bay SA, Stipendiary Magistrate and Clerk to Justices of the area from 1868. [ South Australian re gister , 29 December 1877, p. 6; British Library, India Office Records, L/MAR/C/849 f 9 N/2/11 f.157; State Library SA biographical notes, various SA and UK newspapers]

RICHARDSON, Walter Lindesay (1826-1879). Born Dublin, Ireland. Medical practitioner; speculator. Trained in medicine: MD Edinburgh 1849, LRCS Edinburgh 1849. Arrived Vic 1852, established store and medical practice, especially obstetrics, Ballarat 1853-67; invested in mines; briefly in practice Eccles, Yorkshire 1868; in Melbourne 1869-73; lost heavily in share slump, returned to practice in Vic: Hawthorn 1874-6, Chiltern 1876-7, Queenscliff 1877-8. Admitted Yarra Bend Asylum 1878, ‘died while out on leave’. [ ADB (entry for daughter Ethel Florence (aka Henry Handel) Richardson); AM P I ; Vic Probate records VPRS 28/P0002, 19/677. Yarra Bend Asylum Case books of male patients 1872-1912, vol. 3, 122]

RICHMOND, Henry James (1854-1938). Journalist, newspaper proprietor. Born Keilor, vic. In England aged 2-10; with stepfather and family to NZ goldfields c.1864, worked as printer’s assistant and reporter, 1868-c.1871, later worked in Vic with printers at Mortlake and Hamilton. Purchased as partner Colac reformer, 1881; established or purchased other newspapers in Victoria; to Devonport, Tas, c.1906, publishing North-West post, closed 1916. Active in civic affairs. [ Cam p erdown chronicle (Vic), 18 June 1938, p. 2]

RIDLEY, Henry Nicholas, 1855-1956, British botanist. Assistant, Botany Department, British Museum (Natural History), 1880-8. FLS, 1881. Director, Botanic Gardens, Singapore, 1888-1911. FRS, 1907. Helped to introduce rubber into Malaya [Desmond, Hall (1984), TL2].

RIEDEL, Ludwig, 1790-1861, botanist. Born in Germany. Served in the Prussian Army, 1813-5. Collected for St Petersburg in Brazil, 1820-36. At the Rio de Janeiro National Herbarium, 1836-8; director of the botanical section, National Museum (Museo nacional), 1842-61 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

RIGBY, Sarah. Married George Harker in England in 1845. Went with him to Melbourne in 1846 [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

RILEY, Charles Valentine, 1843-95, entomologist. Born in England. Went to USA, 1860. Agricultural writer, 1863-8. State entomologist, Missouri, 1868-77. Head, Division of Entomology, US Department of Agriculture, 1878-94 [ANB].

RINTEL, Moses, 1823-80, rabbi. Born in Scotland. Married Elvina Hart. Went to Sydney in 1844 and established the Sydney Hebrew Academy. Went to Melbourne in 1849. In charge of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, 1849-57 and then of the Mikveh Israel Melbourne synagogue [ADB].

RITCHIE, William, 1790-1837, British physicist. Professor of natural philosophy, University of London, 1833-7 [DNB].

RIVERS, Thomas, 1798-1877, nurseryman. Of Sawbridgeworth, England. Specialist in roses and fruit [Desmond]. Recipient of the Melbourne Botanic Garden plant/seed distribution scheme.

RIVIÈRE, Charles Marie, 1845-?, French agronomist. Director of the Experiment Garden (Jardin d’essai), Algiers [Osborne, 1994].

RIVIÈRE, Marie Auguste, 1821-77, French horticulturist. Gardener at the Faculté de Médecine, Paris, 1837-59. From 1859 director of the Luxembourg Garden [TL2].

ROBB, William Sprott (c.1830-1891). Commercial traveller. Born Aberdeenshire, Scotland; arrived Vic c.1851 (1854?); variously miner, storekeeper, finally commercial traveller. [ Ballara t star , 24 April 1891, p. 2; various Victorian newspapers]

ROBERTSON, George, 1825-98, bookseller and publisher. Born in Scotland. Learned the bookseller’s trade in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1852 and established a successful bookselling business [ADB].

ROBERTSON, James, c1823-93, medical practitioner. Born in Britain. MD Glasgow. Went to Melbourne in 1853 and established a successful medical practice. Lecturer in pathology at the University of Melbourne, 1863-81 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Cupania robertsonii.

ROBERTSON, John George, 1803-62, naturalist. Born in Glasgow. Went to India as a botanist and naturalist on a scientific expedition, c. 1828. Went to Tas. in 1831. Went to Glenelg River, Vic. in 1841. Sent plants to William Hooker. Returned to Scotland, 1854 [Desmond].

ROBINSON, Benjamin Lincoln, 1864-1935, American botanist. DrPhil, Strassburg, 1889. Assistant to Sereno Watson at the Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass., 1890-2; professor of systematic botany, Harvard, 1899-1935 [TL2].

ROBINSON, Hercules George Robert, 1824-97, colonial governor. Lieut Governor of St Kitts, 1855-9. Governor of Hong Kong, 1859-65; Ceylon, 1865-72; NSW, 1872-9; NZ, 1879-80; Cape, 1881-9, 1895-7 [DNB].

ROBINSON, William Cleaver Francis, 1834-97, British colonial governor. Born in Ireland. Governor of the Falkland Islands, 1866-70; Prince Edward Island, 1870-3; Leeward Islands, 1874; WA, 1875-7; Straits Settlements, 1877-80; WA, 1880-3; SA, 1883-9; WA, 1890-5. CMG, 1873; KCMG, 1877; GCMG, 1887 [ADB].

ROCHEL, Anton, 1770-1847, Austrian surgeon and botanist. Surgical assistant in the Austrian army, 1788-98. ChM, Vienna, 1792. Physician in Moravia, 1798-1820. Curator of the Pest Botanic Garden, 1820-40 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

ROE, John Septimus, 1797-1878, naval officer, surveyor, explorer. Born in England. Went to Sydney in 1817 as a Master’s Mate to complete the survey work of Matthew Flinders. Undertook four voyages. Lieutenant, 1823. Assisted in the establishment of Port Essington, NT. Went to WA as Surveyor General in 1829. FLS. Undertook exploration journeys in WA. Commander, 1863 [ADB].

ROEPER, Johannes August Christian, 1801-85, botanist. DrMed (Göttingen), 1823. Professor of Botany at Basel, 1826-36, then Rostock from 1836. Librarian at the University of Rostock from 1846. DrPhil honoris causa (Basel), 1836; DrSciNat honoris causa (Tübingen), 1873 [TL2]. Roepera cleomoides.

ROGERS, Frederick, 1811-89, British civil servant. Registrar of joint-stock companies, 1844; Commissioner of Lands and Emigration; Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1860-71. Created Baron Blatchford and appointed Privy Councillor, 1871. GCMG, 1883 [DNB].

ROHLFS, Gerhard, 1831-96, German explorer. Studied medicine in Germany, then served in the French Foreign Legion in Algeria, 1855-60. Subsequently undertook numerous exploring expeditions in North Africa. German consul in Zanzibar, 1884-5 [DBE].

ROLLISSON, Messrs W. H., nurserymen. Of Tooting, England. Founded by William Rollisson (c. 1765-1842), and continued by sons George (c. 1799-1879) and William (c. 1802-75) [Desmond]. Recipient of the Melbourne Botanic Garden plant/seed distribution scheme.

ROPER, John, 1822-95, explorer. Born in England. Went to NZ in 1842, then to Sydney the next year. A member of Ludwig Leichhardt’s overland expedition to Port Essington, 1844-5. Landowner and magistrate at Albury, NSW, 1847-62, but went bankrupt. Later worked as a sheep inspector [ADB].

ROSSE, fourth Earl: see PARSONS, Laurence.

ROTHSCHILD, Lionel Walter, 1868-1937, British banker and zoologist. Studied at Cambridge. Worked in family bank, N. M. Rothschild & Sons, 1889-1908. Established zoological museum on family estate at Tring, 1889. MP, 1899-1910. FRS, 1911. Succeeded as Baron Rothschild of Tring, 1915 [WW].

ROUGIER, Émile, c. 1853-1911 medical practitioner, bacteriologist. French naval surgeon, then a doctor with the Messageries Maritimes shipping line. Studied at Pasteur Institute, Paris and became an Agent for Pasteur in Sydney, NSW, investigated plant diseases, involved in treating 1900 plague outbreak, and active in French cultural institutions. [Le Courier Australien 30 June 1911, p. 4]

ROUY, Georges C., 1851-1924, French botanist [Barnhart (1965)].

ROWAN, Marian Ellis. See Marian Ellis Ryan.

ROXBURGH, William, 1751-1815, botanist, physician. Of Scotland. MD (Edinburgh) 1776. East India Company, Madras Medical Service, 1776-80. Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1793-1813. Travelled to the Cape of Good Hope and St Helena [TL2]. Erianthus roxburghii.

RUDALL, James Ferdinand, 1865-1944, ophthalmologist. Born at Melbourne. Son of James Thomas RUDALL. Honorary medical officer, Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital [ADB].

RUDALL, James Thomas, 1828?-1907, surgeon. Born in England. Studied at St Thomas’s Hospital, London; MRCS, 1854. In HMS Talbot in the Arctic in 1854, during the search for John Franklin and his companions. Went to Melbourne in 1858. Honorary surgeon at Melbourne Hospital, 1865-75, and at Alfred Hospital, 1887-1901. An active member of the Medical Society of Vic., the Vic. branch of the British Medical Association, the Royal Society of Vic. and the Melbourne Liedertafel [ADB]. Named an executor in M’s will, 1884. Elachopappus rudallii, Myriocephalus rudallii.

RUFZ DE LAVISON, Étienne (1804-1884). Physician. Born Saint-Pierre, Martinique. Studied medicine in Paris, MD 1835., senior physician and asylum keeper, Saint-Pierre, Martinique, mayor of Saint-Pierre 1854-6. To Paris 1856, director Jardin d’acclimatation de Boulogne 1860-5. Member Société nationale d’acclimatation de France and its successors 1858-84, held various offices, honorary member of Council from 1869. [CTHS, Annuaire prosopographique , various issues of French acclimatation journals]

Rule & Son, Messrs, nurserymen. Of Richmond, Vic. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02]. See John Rule.

RULE, John James, c. 1831-87, nurseryman. Of Richmond, Vic. Partner in Messrs Rule & Son. Araucaria rulei.

RUMMEL, Ludwig, c1837-1904, music teacher and chemist. Born in Prussia. Went to Melbourne in 1868. Employed as ‘operator’ in M’s laboratory and performed a number of phytochemical analyses for him. Presented papers on spectroscopy to the Royal Society of Vic.

RUMPHIUS [RUMPF], Georg Eberhard, 1628-1702, Dutch naturalist. Went with the Dutch East India Company to Java in 1652, then to the Moluccas. Established as a merchant at Ambon from 1657, and published descriptions of the local flora [TL2].

RUSSELL, Arthur Edward John, Earl, 1824-92, British politician. Son of Lord George William Russell. Educated and travelled widely in Europe. MP for Tavistock, 1857-85. FRGS, 1858; Foreign Secretary or member of the Council, RGS, 1875-91. FLS and FZS and on council of each [Proceedings RGS (1892), pp. 328-34].

RUSSELL, FRANCIS. See BEDFORD, SEVENTH DUKE OF.

RUSSIA, Emperor of. See ALEXANDER II.

RYAN, Clara Oakley. See Clara Oakley Graham.

RYAN, Marian Ellis, 1848-1922, artist, naturalist and explorer. Born in Melbourne. Renowned painter of flowers, travelling to and exhibiting in many countries, winning many medals. Many of the plants she painted were named by M. Married Frederic Charles Rowan, 1873 [ADB].

RYAN, Patrick (c.1854-1934). Police officer. Born Doon, Ireland; arrived Qld. c.1874; tin miner. Joined police force 1877; served in central-west district to 1897, then Rockhampton, finally Gladstone, where retired as Senior Sergeant 1907. Imperial Service Medal, 1907. [ Evening news (Rockhampton), 16 July 1934, p. 2]

RYLAND, Annie Eliza [later WALLIS] (1849-1934). Born London; arrived Vic c.1852; Father farmed at Mt Moriac, near Geelong, later at Minyip. Married Charles Wallis, Minyip 1897. Daughter of James Herman Ryland. [ Maroske & Vaughan (2014); St Anne, Limehouse Baptism register; Vic death certificate 14822/1934]

RYLAND, James Herman (1825-1899). Farmer. Born London, England. Arrived Vic c.1852; at Mt Moriac, near Geelong, listed as Pound Keeper by at least 1855 until at least 1870; Mt Moriac property sold August 1870; well established in Minyip, Vic as grazier by early 1870s. Father of Anne Eliza Ryland [Various Victorian newspapers]

S

SACCARDO, Pier Andrea (1845-1920). Mycologist. Born Selva di Montella, Treviso, Italy. Early interest in natural history. Entered Royal University of Padua 1864, doctorate 1867, assistant to chair of Botany 1866-72; Professor of natural history, Padua Technical Institute, 1869-77; Professor of botany. Padua University, and from 1879 director of the Botanic Garden, 1877-1915. Focus on mycology from 1872. Bibliographer; fungal taxonomist, compiled Saccardo (1882-1931) (vols 23-5 issued posthumously).[ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ; TL2 ; , vol. 27, pp. 39-74 (1920); Bolman (2023)]

SACHSE, Arthur Otto, 1860-1920, engineer and politician. Born in Qld. Constructed sugar mills in Qld. Worked as an engineer in south-east Asia, 1879-85. Went to Melbourne in 1885 and established a practice as a consulting engineer. MLC, 1892-1920; minister of public instruction, 1903-8 [ADB].

SALISBURY, Richard Anthony, 1761-1829, British botanist. Studied at Edinburgh. Early supporter of the natural system of classification. Secretary, Horticultural Society of London, 1809-10 [DNB].

SALMON, George (1819-1904). Mathematician and theologian. Born Dublin(?) Ireland; studied mathematics and theology Trinity College, Dublin, graduated first mathematical moderator 1838, BD and DD 1859. Ordained Priest 1845. Taught Mathematics at Trinity College, Dublin from 1839(?), theology from 1845; Regius Professor of Divinity 1866; Provost 1888, led Tercentenary celebrations 1892. FRS 1863, Royal medal 1868, Copley medal 1889; founding Fellow British Academy 1902; many other academic honours [ OD N B ]

SALZMANN, Philipp, 1781-1851, German botanist. Studied medicine at Göttingen, Vienna, Halle and Paris. Hospital physician at Montpellier from 1806, where he devoted himself to botany and entomology. Collected in the south of France and North Africa; in Spain 1823-5; and in Brazil (mainly Bahia), 1827-30 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

SAMPSON, G. Theophilus, 1831-97, British colonial official. In British government service at Canton, China, 1858-89. Returned to England, 1889 [Desmond]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

SAMWELL, Nicholas (1865-1936). Mining engineer. Born Newquay, Cornwall, England. Arrived Qld with family 1869; educated Brisbane, articled 1881; managed mines Qld, then from 1890 in south-east Asia, finally from 1906 in Burma. [ North e rn Mine Research Society ]

SANDEMAN, Gordon (1810-1897). Pastoralist, politician. Born Edinburgh, Scotland. Partner with uncle as merchants in Edinburgh. Arrived NSW c.1838, in merchant partnership for uncle, firm insolvent 1844. Acquired large pastoral interests Burnett and Dawson River districts, Qld; briefly in partnership with Alexander Galbraith; acquired other properties further west. To UK 1884, member of London Boards of Qld companies. Politically active: NSW Assembly for Moreton and Wide Bay &c (now in Qld) 1856-7; Qld MLA 1863-70, MLC 1874-86, seat declared vacant for non-attendance. [ Empire (Sydney), 10 January 1857, p. 4; Former Members, Queensland Parliament ; various issues Australian newspapers]

SANDROCK, George Frederick (1819-1890). Clerk, public servant. Born Chatham, Kent, England. In Barbados 1834-7; in England 1847-53; Sydney 1853-63. Qld public service: third officer, Customs, Rockhampton 1863, promoted 1866; Sub-collector of Customs, Sweer’s Island Gulf of Carpentaria 1866-73, then Bowen, retiring 1885. Simultaneously held various related positions, e.g. shipping inspector, Bowen cemetery trustee, territorial magistrate Burketown. [ Nort h ern miner (Charters Towers), 21 May 1809, p. 3; various Qld and NSW newspapers; Qld Government Gazette, various issues]

SANGSTER, William, c. 1831-1910, gardener. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne in 1853. Head gardener at ‘Como’, 1855. Later operated nurseries at Toorak and Macedon [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Member of the board of inquiry into the administration of the Melbourne Botanic Garden, 1870.

SARGENT, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927, American botanist. Professor of horticulture at Harvard, 1870-9; Arnold professor of arboriculture, 1879-1927. Founder of the Arnold Arboretum [TL2].

SARTWELL, Henry Parker, 1792-1867, American physician and botanist. Lic. med., Oneida County Medical Society, New York, 1811. Practised medicine at New Hartford, NY, 1811-2; Springfield, NY; Bethel, NY; and Penn Yang, NY, 1832-67 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

SAUERBECK, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1801-82, German botanist. At one time a law court official at Freiburg [TL2].

SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, Duke Of. See Ernst II.

SAXONY, King of. See Friedrich Augustus II.

SAYER, William A., fl. 1886-8, botanical collector. Collected in north Qld, Vic. and King Island (Tas.) Naturalist on second RGSA expedition to New Guinea [Hall (1978)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Dracophyllum sayeri, Elaeocarpus sayeri, Gymnogramme sayeri, Helicia sayeriana, Saccolabium sayerianum.

SCARR, Frank, c. 1845-1905, bushman, explorer, surveyor, Articled as surveyor in 1859 to Messrs Weaver and Kemp, Sydney, New South Wales. Engineer, Queensland railways. Gold commissioner at Kil Kivan. A commissioner of crown lands. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. A founder of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. JP [Sydney morning herald, 17 August 1931, p. 6.]

SCHAUER, Johannes Conrad, 1813-48, German botanist. Professor of botany at Greifswald, 1843-8 [TL2].

SCHEDLICH, Carl Gustav, 1821-1901, clerk, postmaster. Born in Dresden. Passenger to Adelaide in Hermann von Beckerath, 1847 with M. Engaged to Bertha Müller. Married Ann Linn in 1853. After trying farming settled into a career in the SA postal service [Advertiser (Adelaide), 21 August 1901, p. 7]].

SCHEFFER, Rudolph Herman Christian Carel, 1844-80, Dutch botanist. Studied at Utrecht with Friedrich Miquel. DrPhil, 1867. Director of the Buitenzorg (now Bogor) Botanic Garden, Java, 1869-80 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium. Solanum schefferi.

SCHENK, Joseph August von, 1815-91, botanist and palaeontologist. Born in Austria. Studied medicine at Munich (DrMed, 1837). DrPhil, Erlangen, 1840. Extraordinary professor of Botany, Würzburg, 1844; from 1850 regular professor and director of the Würzburg Botanic Garden. At Leipzig Botanic Garden, 1868-87 [TL2].

SCHERZER, Karl Heinrich von, 1821-1903, Austrian traveller and government official. In charge of the scientific contingent on the Novara expedition, during which he visited Melbourne and met M. Later ministerial counsellor in charge of commercial statistics and political economy in Vienna. In 1869, accompanied the Austrian expedition to East Asia. Afterwards successively Austrian Consul- General in Smyrna, London, Leipzig and Genoa [Meyers Konversations- Lexikon].

SCHILLER, Johann Christoph Friedrich, 1759-1805, German poet. [All.DB].

SCHIMPER, Georg Heinrich Wilhelm, 1804-78, German botanist and plant collector. Collected in southern France, Algeria, Egypt, Arabia, Abyssinia. Governor of the Abyssinian district of Antitscho, 1840-55 [TL2]. Plant contributor (from Abyssinia via Ferdinand HOCHSTETTER, vol.1) to the Melbourne Herbarium [B62.03.01, B63.05.01].

SCHIMPER, Wilhelm Philipp, 1808-80, Alsatian bryologist and palaeontologist. Assistant at the natural history museum at Strasbourg from 1835; director from 1865. Professor of geology and palaeontology at Strasbourg, 1872-9 [TL2]. Specimens at the Melbourne Herbarium forwarded by Hochstetter [B62.03.01, B63.05.01].

SCHLECHTENDAL, Diederich Franz Leonhard von, 1794-1866, botanist. DrMed (Berlin), 1819. Curator at the Berlin Herbarium, 1819-33. DrPhil (Bonn), 1823. Professor of Botany and Director of the Halle Botanic Garden, 1833-66. Editor of Linnaea, 1826-66 and co-editor of Botanische Zeitung, 1843-66 [TL2].

SCHLEIDEN, Matthias Jacob, 1804-81, botanist, lawyer. DrPhil (Jena), 1839; DrMed honoris causa (Tübingen), 1843. Professor of Botany at Jena from 1840, and Director of the Jena Botanic Garden, 1851-62. Professor of Anthropology at Dorpat, 1863-4, and in St Petersburg, 1864-5 [TL2].

SCHLICH, Wilhelm Philipp Daniel, 1840-1925, forester. Born in Germany. DrPhil, Giessen, 1867. In the Indian Forest Service, Burma, 1867-70; Sind, 1870-2; conservator of forests, Bengal, 1872-8; conservator of forests, Punjab, 1880-1; Inspector-general of forests, 1883-5. At Royal Indian Engineering College, head of the Forestry Department, Coopers Hill, 1885-1906, and at Oxford, 1906-11. KCIE, 1909. Professor of Forestry at Oxford, 1911-9 [Desmond, TL2].

SCHLIPALIUS, Charles Gustave, 1823?-97, gardener. Born in Saxony. Father of Charles Leopold Schlipalius. Went to Vic. in 1849. In charge of the seed department at the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

SCHLIPALIUS, Charles Leopold, 1851-1927, gardener. Son of Charles Gustave Schlipalius. Employed as a ‘garden boy’ at the Melbourne Botanic Garden in the 1860s.

SCHMIDT, Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand, 1812-99, Gerrman pastor and botanist. Studied theology at Halle, 1832-7. Private teacher at Merseburg, subsequently curate at Halberstadt. Deacon at Aschersleben, 1846-8; archdeacon, 1848-95. An expert on diatoms [TL2].

SCHMITZ, Carl Johann Friedrich, 1850-95, German algologist. Studied botany at Bonn (DrPhil, 1871). Assistant at Halle and Strassburg. 1872-4. Lecturer at Halle, 1874-8; at Naples zoological station, 1878; extraordinary professor of botany, Bonn, 1878-84; professor of botany, Greifswald, 1884-95 [TL2].

SCHOMBURGK [Schomburgh, Shomburgk], Moritz Richard, 1811-91, botanist. Born in Saxony. Gardener at ‘Sans souci’, Potsdam in 1835. With brother Robert on an expedition to British Guiana, 1840-4. Went to Adelaide in 1849. Curator of the Botanic Garden, Adelaide from 1865. Declined Directorship of the Melbourne Botanic Garden [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

SCHOMBURGK, Robert Hermann, 1804-65, explorer. Brother of Richard Schomburgk. Born in Germany. Explored British Guiana, 1831-5; government commissioner in British Guiana, 18

SCHÖNFELD (Schoenfeld), Frederick (Fritz), c. 1810-68, artist. Born in Switzerland. Went to Melbourne in 1858. Worked as freelance artist, lithographer and drawing master. Employed by both M and Frederick McCoy to draw and lithograph specimen plates [Kerr (1992)].

SCHREBER, Johann Christian Daniel Von, 1739-1810, German naturalist. Studied medicine, natural science and theology at Halle. MD, Uppsala, 1760. Practising physician at Bützow, Mecklenburg, 1761. Professor of medicine and botany at Erlangen, 1770. Director of the Erlangen Botanic Garden 1773; professor of natural history, 1776; of medicine, 1791. President of the Leopoldina, 1791-1810 [TL2].

SCHUCHARDT, Conrad Gideon Theodor, 1829-92, botanist. DrPhil (Göttingen), 1853. At Dresden, 1856-7. At Regenwalde, 1857-8. Director of the Botanic Garden, Waldau Agricultural College (near Königsberg), 1858-9. At a pharmaceutical factory, Görlitz [TL2].

SCHULZE [or SCHULTZ], Frederick. Collector nominated by Richard Schomburgk to accompany George Woodroofe Goyder to lay out the township of Darwin, NT in 1868. Eriachne schultziana .

SCHÜRMANN [Schuermann], Clamor Wilhelm, 1815-93, Lutheran pastor, missionary, anthropologist. Born in Hannover. Missionary to the Aborigines in SA, 1838. At Port Lincoln, SA from 1840. Deputy Protector of Aborigines, 1841-2. Pastor at Portland, Hamilton and Tarrington, Vic. [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Schuermannia homoranthoides.

SCHUSTER, ARTHUR, 1851-1934, British physicist. Born in Germany. Went with his family to England, 1870. Studied at Owens College, Manchester, and Heidelberg (DrPhil, 1873). Worked at Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1876-81. FRS, 1879. Professor of applied mathematics, Owens College, 1881-8; of physics, 1888-1907. Knighted, 1920. Secretary, International Research Council, 1919-28 [DNB].

SCHWEINFURTH, Georg August (1836-1925). Naturalist, explorer, Africanist. Born Riga, Latvia; naturalized Prussia 1879. Studied botany 1856-62 at Heidelberg (DPhil 1863), Munich, Berlin. Botanical field studies Khartoum, Red Sea 1863-6; explored White Nile and equatorial Africa 1869-71, reporting on anthropology and natural history. Accompanied Gerhard Rohlfs on Libyan desert expedition 1873-4. Settled in Cairo on independent means, exploring between Nile and Red Sea 1875-89, including archaeological excavations. Based in Berlin from 1889, but travelled to Africa 1891, 1892, 1894. Founded Cairo Geographical Society 1875. [ Deutsche B i ographie ; T L 2 ]

SCHWENDENER, Simon (1829-1919). Botanist. Born Buchs, Switzerland; secondary school teacher 1847; studied with Alphonse P. de Candolle 1849-50. Continued studies University of Zurich, PhD 1856; to Munich as assistant to Carl Nageli, habilitation 1860. Professor and director Botanic Gardens Basel 1867; professor Tübingen 1877, Berlin 1878. Founded Berlin Botanical Institute, developed physiological plant anatomy; demonstrated that lichens are dual organisms comprising a fungus and an alga. [ Deutsche Biographie ]

SCLATER, Philip Lutley, 1829-1916, barrister and naturalist. MA, DSc, DrPhil. FRS, 1861. Secretary, Zoological Society of London, 1859-1902 [WW].

SCOPOLI, Giovanni Antonio [Johannes Antonius], 1723-88, physician and botanist. Born in the Tyrol. Educated at Trento and Innsbruck (DrMed, 1743; state doctor’s examination, Vienna, 1754). State physician, Idria, 1754-67. Professor of mineralogy and metallurgy, Schemnitz, 1767-76; professor of chemistry and botany, Pavia, 1776-88 [TL2].

SCORTECHINI, Benedetto, 1845-86, naturalist and Catholic priest. Born in Italy. Parish priest in Qld, 1871-84. FLS, 1881. Government botanist of Perak, Strait Settlements (Malaya), 1884-6. Collaborated with M and others [Desmond, TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Agonis scortechiniana, Bossiaea scortechinii, Brachyloma scotechinii, Cryptendra scortechinii, Mezoneuron scortechinii.

SCOTT, Alexander Walker, 1800-83, naturalist and entrepreneur. Born in India but educated in England. Went to NSW in 1827 as a speculator in merchandise. Bought land near Newcastle and settled in the town. Established an iron foundry, and became a shareholder in the Hunter River Railway Co. MLA, 1856-61; MLC, 1861-6. An enthusiastic naturalist, a founding member of the Entomological Society of NSW and trustee of the Australian Museum. Father of the natural-history artists Harriet and Helena Scott [ ADB ].

SCOTT, Charles (fl. 1890s). Journalist, Melbourne; not further identified.

SCOTT, Charles Thomas Montagu-Douglas, Lord (1839-1911). Naval officer. Born London, England, fourth son of 5th Duke of Buccleuch; joined Royal Navy as cadet, 1853, served in Baltic, China, India; promoted Lieutenant 1859, Commander 1865, Captain 1872, world cruise Bacchante with royal cadets 1882; commander-in-chief Australian Station 1889-92; Vice-admiral 1894, Admiral 1899, commander-in-chief, Plymouth 1900, retired 1904. CB 1883, KCB 1898, GCB 1902. Son-in-law Charles Ryan. [ OD N B ]

SCOTT, Harriet (1830-1907). Artist and naturalist. Born Sydney. Daughter of Alexander Walker Scott, sister of Harriet Scott Collected for and corresponded with leading colonial scientists. Honorary member of the Entomological Society of New South Wales. Married Dr C. W. Morgan, 1882 [ ADB ; Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]. Dampiera scottiana, Elettaria scottiana.

SCOTT, Helena (‘Nellie’) (1832-1910). Artist and naturalist. Born Sydney.. Collected plants; natural history illustrator of works by Gerhard Kreft and her father. Married Edward Forde, 1864. Honorary member, Entomological Society of New South Wales, 1864. [ ADB ; Sydney morning herald , 14 December 1910, p. 5; Maroske & Vaughan (2014)] Poa fordeana.

SCOTT, James, c1821-86, nurseryman. Operated a nursery at Hawthorn, Vic. from 1854. Plant donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

SCOTT, William (1825-1917). Clergyman and astronomer. Born Hartland, Devon, England. Educated Cambridge: BA 1848 third wrangler, MA 1851; lecturer in mathematics 1851. Anglican clergyman: deacon 1849, priest 1850. Private mathematics coach c.1851-6. To NSW 1856: government astronomer 1856-62; warden St Paul’s College, University of Sydney 1865-78, mathematical examiner for University. NSW Goulburn diocese: incumbencies Gunning 1878-9, Queanbeyan 1879-81, Bungendore 1881-3; examining chaplain, Bishop of Goulburn 1879-83; canon cathedral church St Saviour Goulburn. Royal Society of NSW: member 1856, honorary secretary 1867-74, treasurer 1874-8. [ A D B , http://angli c anhistory.org/aus/cci/index.pdf , Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. 51, p. 6 (1917)]

SCOTT, William E. (fl. 1878). Of Camperdown, Vic. Not further identified.

SCRATCHLEY, Peter Henry, 1835-85, military engineer. Born in Paris of British parents. Educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England. Commissioned in 1854 and served in both the Crimean War and the Indian uprising. Went to Vic. in 1860 to erect defensive works for Melbourne and Geelong. Commanded the corps of Vic. Engineers, 1860-3, then returned to England. Returned again to Australia in 1877 to assist Sir William Jervois in advising the various colonies on their defences. Retired as major-general in 1882. Knighted in 1885. Administrator of Papua, 1885, but died shortly after taking up office [ADB]. Cycas scratchleyana.

SEDDON, Richard John, 1845-1906, politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1863, and to NZ in 1866. Member of NZ parliament from 1879; Minister for mines, defence and public works, 1891; Acting Premier, 1892-3; Premier, 1893-1906 [NZDB].

SEEMANN, Berthold Carl, 1825-71, botanist, publisher, traveller. At the Kew Botanic Garden, England 1844-6. Naturalist in Herald, 1847-51. DrPhil honoris causa (Göttingen), 1853. Editor of Bonplandia, 1853-62. Botanised in Fiji, 1860. Sole editor of the Journal of botany, British and Foreign, 1863-9, senior editor 1870-71. Travelled in central and South America in the 1860s [TL2].

SELBY, George William, c. 1805-90, businessman. Went to Vic., 1840. Pioneer in the Anderson’s Creek district. Auditor for Bank of Victoria and other major firms [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

SELLAR, Herbert Plenderleath (1861-1882). Businessman? Born St Kilda, Vic. Son of Robert Sellar of McCulloch, Sellar &Co, Queen Street Melbourne, resided Malvern. Visits to Tasmania and New Zealand early 1880s. Departed for Venice in company of James McCulloch December 1881; died in England July 1882. [Various Victorian and British newspapers]

SELWYN, Alfred Richard Cecil, 1824-1902, geologist. Geological Surveyor, Vic., 1851-69. On Mining Commission, 1856, Board of Science, and Board of Agriculture, 1859. FRS (Vic.). Member of the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, 1869-94. FRGS, 1871; FRS, 1874.Murchison Medal, 1876; Clarke Medal, 1884. CMG [ADB]. Selwynia laurina.

SELWYN, Frederick Michael (1824-1859). Solicitor. Born Nottinghamshire, England; articled clerk, Nottingham 1844. In Vic by 1854. Cousin of Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn. [Vic Death certificate 7368/1859; England Census 1851, various Vic newspapers]

SERJEANT, Robert Malachy, 1829?-1902, miner. Born in England. Went to SA in 1848 and to Ballarat, Vic. in 1852. Became manager of several notable mining companies. MLA, 1859-61 [Thomson & Serle (1972)].

SERVICE, James, 1823-99, businessman and politician. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne in 1853 and established a successful business as an importer and merchant. MLA, 1857-62, 1874-81, 1883-6; MLC, 1888-99. President of the Board of Land and Works, 1859-60; Treasurer, 1874-5; Premier, 1880, 1883-6 [ADB].

SETCHELL, William Albert, 1864-1943, American algologist and plant geographer. Assistant at Yale University, 1891-5, professor of botany at University of California, Berkeley, 1895-1934 [TL2].

SHANN, William (c.1853-1934). Gardener. Born United Kingdom? Arrived Qld 1878. Curator Bowen Botanic Gardens until at least 1889; gardener in Brisbane by 1895. [ Bowen inde p endent , 2 November 1934, p. 2; Qld immigration records: Ironside, 21 May 1878; electoral rolls, various Qld newspapers]

SHANNON, Margaret McAllister, ?-1870. Second wife of Irving Hetherington whom she married in NSW in 1842. Moved with her husband to Melbourne, where he was for many years minister at Scots Church [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.

SHARKEY, John Philip, 1840-1904, surveyor, Born Ireland, arrived Melbourne 1860, in Qld by 1865; district surveyor Townsville, commissioner of Crown Lands, Burke District, Qld1840; licensed as surveyor in NSW, 1895; died Sydney.

SHAW, Henry Norton, ?-1868, Naval Surgeon, diplomat. Born Danish West Indies, educated New York, Assistant-Surgeon, British Royal Navy; from 1848-1863 assistant-secretary, Royal Geographical Society; British Consul, Saint Croix, then Danish territory, where died. [Murchison 1869, pp. 271-2.]

SHEPHERD, Messrs, nurserymen. Of Sydney. Established by Thomas Shepherd (1780-1835) in 1827. Joined later by son Thomas William. Collected plants for William Woolls and M [Desmond]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01, B58.11.02]. s.

SHEPHERD, Thomas William, 1824-84, nurseryman. Of the Sydney firm Messrs Shepherd. Dendrobium shepherdii, Myrtus shepherdi.

SHILLINGLAW, John Joseph, 1831-1905, public servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Shipping-master for the Port of Melbourne, 1856-69. Secretary to the Central Board of Health,1881-2. Chief Secretary’s Department, 1882-5; secretary to the Royal Commission on Vegetable Products, 1885-94. A prominent member of Melbourne’s literary coterie. A founder in 1883, with M, of the Vic. branch of the Geographical Society of Australasia [ADB].

SHIRESS, William (c.1828-1875). Analytic and practical chemist. Born Brechin, Forfarshire (Angus since 1928), Scotland. Arrived Vic 1854, to Sandhurst (now Bendigo); pharmacist, assayer, gold buyer, gold smelter. Patented methods to extract gold from mining sludge. Insolvent 1859. Member of board to consider extraction of gold from auriferous pyrites, 1873 [ Bend i go advertiser , 3 April 1873, p. 2; Vic passenger lists; various Vic newspapers; Victoria Government Gazette]

SHORT, Charles Wilkins, 1794-1863, medical practitioner and botanist. Born in Kentucky. Educated at Transylvania University (BA, 1810) and the University of Pennsylvania (MD, 1815). Practised medicine in Kentucky, 1815-25. Collected and distributed large numbers of plant specimens. Professor of materia medica, Transylvania University, 1825-38; Louisville Medical Institute, 1838-46; University of Louisville, 1846-9 [DAB). Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

SHUTTLEWORTH, Robert James, 1810-74, naturalist. Born in Britain. Educated in Geneva, where he developed a love of botany. Studied medicine at Edinburgh, 1830-2. At Bern, Switzerland, 1833-66; Hyères, France, 1866-74. Formed a large herbarium, partly from collectors whom he financed in other parts of the world. FLS, 1856 [DNB]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

SICKENBERGER, Ernst (1831-1895). Botanist, pharmacist. Born Krautheim, Germany; Heidelberg University 1852-3; pharmacracy examination Stuttgart 1854; practising pharmacist, Germany 1858-76. Cairo, Egypt, in charge of the German pharmacy 1876-95; exploring Egypt 1881-5; founder Labortatoire Khédivial 1881, director School of Medicine botanic garden 1883, professor 1889. Member Institut Égyptien 1895.[ Schweinfürth (1897); T L 2 ].

SIEBER, Franz Wilhelm, 1789-1844, Austrian botanist, traveller. Travelled widely, 1822-5, collecting especially in South Africa, Mauritius and Australia [TL2]. Eucalyptus sieberana.

SIEGERT, Carl Richard (1862-?). Gardener, nurseryman. Born Cologne, Germany; trained horticultural society school, Cologne; arrived Australia January 1883; landscape gardener in Sydney. Returned to Cologne by 1886; ran nursery there by 1892, forced sale 1898. [marriage certificate; Deutsche Garten-Zeitung vol. 1, pp. 383-5 (1886); various Australian and German newspapers]

SILCHER, Gustav von, 1829-96, Württemberg civil servant. Studied law and philosophy at Tübingen and Heidelberg, LLD 1850. Member of secretariat of Württemberg Privy Council, 1851; Secretary of Ministry of Education from 1856. Played a major role in the reform of the Württemberg education system. Director of scientific and learned collections from 1869 [Schwäbische Lebensbilder].

SIMMONDS, Peter Lund [né LUND] 1814-1897). Author, journalist, periodical publisher. Born Aarhus, Denmark, adopted by Lieutenant George Simmonds RN. Midshipman 1826-31; bookkeeper Jamaica 1831-4. In England as journalist and editor from 1836. Proprietor Simmonds’ Colonial Magazine 1844, The Technologist: a Monthly Record of Science Applied to Art and Manufacture 1861-6, Journal of Applied Science 1870-82; author of several monographs and compendia including several on useful plant and animal species; advocated recycling to minimising waste. Involved in international exhibitions. Fellow Society of Arts 1853, honorary member 1862; FLS 1886. Chevalier Légion d’Honneur 1878, Knight of the Crown of Italy 1878. [ OD N B ]

SIMMONDS, Samuel Pond (c.1839-1907). Estate agent. Born Blanford Forum, Dorset, England. Arrived Vic c.1853. Lived and had business in Brighton, Vic from 1860; secretary Brighton General Cemetery 1860-1907. With Thomas Bent conducted Brighton valuation 1862. Active in civic and church affairs. [ Brighton sou t hern cross , 26 October 1907, p. 6; Vic death certificate 11268/1907; Victoria unassisted passenger lists]

SINGLETON, George Lewis (c.1847-1902). Grazier, journalist. Born Dublin, Ireland; arrived Vic with parents and nine siblings 1849. Became manager of pastoral properties in Vic, NSW, Qld; wrote extensively on pastoral matters, especially on husbandry of stock and on animal diseases for Australasian (Melbourne). [ Ar g us (Melbourne), 24 November 1902, p. 5; various Australian newspapers]

SISLEY, Thomas Alexander, c.1846-1924, speech and music teacher. Born in England. Educated in Paris and London. Civil servant and teacher until 1889. Went to Melbourne in 1889. Music teacher and lecturer in elocution, Secretary of the Victorian Artists Society [Herald (Melbourne) 21 November 1924, p. 6].

SKENE, Alexander John, 1820-94, surveyor. Born in Scotland. Studied at University of Aberdeen (MA 1838). Went to Port Phillip in 1839 and found employment as a government surveyor. Surveyor-general of Vic., 1868-86 [ADB].

SLOMAN, William Froud, c.1842-1866, explorer. Second-in-command of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Expedition, 1865.

SMILLIE, Eliza Jane. See Eliza Jane Farquharson.

SMITH & Adamson, Messrs, nurserymen. Established by William Adamson and Mr Smith in South Yarra in 1852 [Pescott (1940)]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

SMITH, Alexander, 1832-65, botanist. Born in England. Curator of museum and clerk of herbarium, Kew Gardens [Desmond].

SMITH, George, 1828-96, seedsman and nurseryman. Born in England. Trained as a gardener and for a time worked at Kew Gardens under William Hooker. Went to Vic. in 1853 and worked for several years on the Ballarat goldfields. Established a seed and nursery business in Ballarat in 1860 [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

SMITH, Henry (1815?-1873). Born (Lenton, Nottinghamshire - unconfirmed), England. In NSW by 1848 when married. Appointed to number of posts in Deniliquin: Chief Constable, inspector of slaughter-houses and of cattle, Bailiff of Court of Request 1856; Inspector of Distilleries 1857; Sheriff’s Bailiff 1866; District Court Bailiff, 1867. [Various issues, New South Wa l es G o vernment Gazette; Riv e rine herald , 12 February 1873, p. 2]

SMITH, James Edward, 1759-1828, English botanist. MD Leiden, 1786. FRS, 1785. Purchased Carl Linnaeus’s botanical collections. One of the founders of the Linnean Society; President, 1788-1828. Knighted in 1814. Among his many publications, he contributed botanical articles to Rees’ Cyclopaedia [Desmond].

SMITH, James H. (1815-1899). Printer. Born Colchester, Essex, England. In Vic 1867; printer, engraver and photographer in Prahran. [ Prahr a n telegraph , 30 December 1899, p. 4; Vic death certificate 15669/1899; Darragh (2023)]

SMITH, James, (1820-1910). Journalist. Born Kent, England; edited regional UK newspapers 1840-c.1854. Arrived Melbourne 1854, worked on Age and first editor Leader 1856; moved to Argus 1857; Editor of Melbourne Punch 1857-63. Librarian Parliament of Victoria, 1863-8. Free-lance journalism, signing as ‘J.S.’. Founding member, sometime chairman, Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Active in literary and cultural societies, including Alliance Française, Dante Society, Shakespeare Society. Chevalier Order of the Crown of Italy 1901; Officier d’Academie française 1902. [ Age (Melbourne), 21 March 1910, p. 6; various issues Vic newspapers]

SMITH, John Thomas, 1816-79, publican and politician. Born at Sydney. Went to Melbourne in 1837 and became a publican. A Melbourne Town Councillor, 1842-79, and seven times Mayor between 1851 and 1864. MLC, 1851-6; MLA, 1856-79. Minister for Mines, 1869-70. A prominent Freemason [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

SMITH, John, 1798-1888, British gardener. Born in Scotland. Apprenticed to his father at Grangemuir. At Kew Gardens from 1822; Curator, 1842-64 [Desmond].

SMITH, John, 1821-88, British gardener. Gardener to the Duke of Roxburgh, then to the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House, Middlesex, 1859-64. Curator, Kew Gardens, 1864-86 [Desmond].

SMITH, Louis Lawrence, 1830-1910, medical practitioner and politician. Born in England. Studied medicine in Paris and London (LSA, 1852). Went to Melbourne in 1852. MLA, Vic., 1859-65, 1871-4, 1877-83, 1886-94. Opened a Museum of Anatomy, 1862; closed, 1869. Member of the Phylloxera Board until 1893 [ADB].

SMYTH, Robert Brough, 1830-89, civil servant, mining engineer. Born in England. Went to Vic. in 1852. First Secretary of the Board of Science, 1858. Secretary of Mines, 1860, Honorary Secretary for the Protection of Aborigines, 1860. Director of the Geological Survey, 1869. Chief Inspector of Mines, 1875. Resigned as all but Protector of Aborigines in 1876 after a board of inquiry into his conduct. In India from 1878. Director of the Bendigo School of Mines, 1883-7. FRGS, FLS and FRS (Vic.) [ADB]. Spondylostrobus smythii, Villaresia smythii.

SNOWDEN, Arthur, 1829-1918, lawyer and politician. Born in England. Went to Vic in 1852. Solicitor’s clerk in Melbourne, 1854-66; admitted as a lawyer, 1867, and developed a successful partnership. Melbourne City Councillor, 1891-1918. MLC, 1895-1904. Knighted, 1895 [ADB].

SOLANDER, Daniel Carl, 1733-82, naturalist. Born in Sweden. Went to England in 1760. Declined prestigious posts in continental Europe to work as Assistant Librarian at the British Museum. FRS, 1764. Member of the scientific staff in Endeavour’s voyage to Australia, 1768-71. Joseph Banks’s Librarian and Secretary from 1771. Keeper of Natural History at the British Museum from 1773 [ADB].

SOLMS-LAUBACH, Hermann Maximilian Carl Ludwig Friedrich Zu, 1842-1915, German botanist. Studied in Berlin, DrPhil, 1865; in Freiburg, 1866-7; in Halle, 1867-72. Professor of botany and director of the Göttingen Botanic Garden, 1879-88; professor of botany, Strasbourg, 1888-1907 [TL2]. Pandanus solms-laubachii.

SOMNER, William, c1832-77, seedsman. Born in Scotland, where his father had a nursery. In Melbourne by 1860. Partner from c1864 with William Law in his seed business in Swanston Street, Melbourne [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

SONDER, Otto Wilhelm, 1812-81, botanist, pharmacist. Pharmacist in Hamburg, 1841-78. M’s ‘first botanical friend’. DrPhil honoris causa (Königsberg), 1846. Compiled a large herbarium, rich in South African and Australian collections [TL2]. The Melbourne Herbarium acquired Sonder’s collections in 1883 [Short (1990)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01]. Aster sonderi, Calocephalus sonderi, Coleostylis sonderi, Helichrysum sonderi, Styphelia sonderi, Xerotes sonderi .

SOUES, Emanuel Lindsay, 1837-?, mechanic. Born in Scotland. Employed 1857-c1903 as a gardener and engine driver at the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B61.02.01].

SPALDING, Henry Arthur (1851-1911). Stationmaster, businessman. Born Birmingham, England; arrived WA 1877. Postmaster and stationmaster, Northampton, living at Geraldton, 1880-92; later engaged in variety of Geraldton business undertakings: hotel keeper, mining adviser, commission agent, refreshment-room operator; mining investor. Active in local government: Geraldton Council, Mayor 1892, 1897. JP 1903. FGS 1890, FRGS 1891. [ Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians , p. 2899; Geraldton express , 6 December 1911, p. 4; various WA newspapers]

SPEARMAN, George, c1845-69, medical practitioner. Born in England. MRCS Edinburgh. Had a medical practice in Spring Street, Melbourne. SPENCE, William, 1783-1860, English naturalist. A specialist on entomology; co-founder of the Entomological Society of London. FRS, 1834 [Debus].

SPENCER, Walter William Baldwin, 1860-1929, biologist and anthropologist. Born in England. Educated at Oxford. Professor of biology, Melbourne, 1887-1919. Member of Horn Expedition to central Australia, 1894. Collected plants in King Island, Vic. and Central Australia. A notable contributor to Australian Aboriginal anthropology. FRS, 1900. CMG, 1904; KCMG, 1916 [ADB, Desmond, Hall (1978)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Decatoca spencerii.

SPICER, William Webb, 1820-79, clergyman and botanist. Born in England. BA, Oxford, 1843; MA, 1848. Rector, Itchen Abbas, 1850-74. Travelled and collected plants in Tas., 1874-8 [Desmond, TL2]. Helichrysum spiceri.

SPITTA, Heinrich Helmrich Ludwig, 1799-1860, physician. Born in Hannover. Professor of medicine at Rostock University from 1825 [All.DB].

SPONG, Edward Nash (c.1818-1907). Master mariner, lighthouse keeper. Born Aylesford, Kent, England; listed as merchant seaman, mate 1836, master’s certificate 1851. Arrived Melbourne 1852, to goldfields, later engaged in coastal trade, based in Tas by 1860. Superintendent Cape Wickham light, King Island 1862-82. [Baptism records, records of British merchant seamen, Board of Trade merchant navy competence certificates, Vic immigration records, various Australian newspapers]

SPOWERS, Allan, C.1815-1876, Newspaper proprietor. Part-owner of the Melbourne Argus [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

SPRAGUE, Isaac, 1811-95, American botanical and zoological artist, who worked for Audobon and Asa GRAY [TL2].

SPRENGEL, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, 1766-1833, German botanist and physician. Extraordinary professor of medicine at Halle, 1787-95; professor of medicine, 1795-7; professor of botany, 1797-1833 [TL2]. M acquired Sprengel’s copy of Brown (1810).

SPRIGG, George (1836-1881). Clerk. Born Ipswich, Suffolk; arrived Vic 1859. Secretary, Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, 1861-8; Town Clerk, St Kilda, 1868-; suicide, 1881. [ Tele g raph (St Kilda),19 November 1881, p. 5; various Vic newspapers; Non-conformist and non-parochial registers, Suffolk, Baptist Stoke Green Ipswich; Vic unassisted passenger lists]

SPRUCE, Richard, 1817-93, botanist. Born in England. Collected in Pyrenees, 1845-6; South America, 1849-64 [Desmond].

STACKHOUSE, Thomas (c.1831-1886). Naval officer. Born United Kingdom(?). Joined Royal Navy: acting mate, 1850, Lieutenant 1853, Commander 1863-70, permitted to assume rank of Captain 1878. Naval agent on board contract mail steamers 1864, Australian run, c.1866-70. Settled Sydney c.1871; in Tenterfield NSW by 1879, Yamba c.1882. Foundation Secretary, Linnean Society of NSW 1875-8; member Board of Australian Museum 1875-8; member NSW Commission committees selecting exhibits for Melbourne and Philadelphia exhibitions 1875. [National Archives (England) ADM 196/37; various UK and Australian newspapers, Australian Museum and Linnean Society of NSW publications] Jacksonia stackhoussii

STAFFORD, Brabazon Richard (1843-1916). Policeman and magistrate. Born Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, England. In Qld by 1873 when appointed Acting Sub-Inspector native police, serving at Upper Laura; dismissed 1880 after mass desertion of his troop, reinstated 1881, served Glendhu, Glenroy, far north Qld; appointed police magistrate 1888, serving in Tharagmindah, Dalby, Blackall, Cairns, Longreach, retiring from Charleville 1914. [Various Qld newspaper reports; Rich a rds (2005), passim and p. 344; Qld police files]

STANDISH, Frederick Charles, 1824-83, soldier, civil servant. Born in England. Went to the Vic. goldfields in 1852. Chief Commissioner of Police, 1858-80 [ADB].

STANDISH, John, 1814-75, gardener, nurseryman. Opened Sunningdale Nursery, England in 1847 [Desmond]. Recipient of the Melbourne Botanic Garden plant/seed distribution scheme.

STANLEY, Edward. See Derby, Fourteenth Earl Of.

STANNIUS, Friedrich Hermann, 1808-83, pathologist. Born in Hamburg. Professor of medicine at Rostock University from 1837 [All.DB].

STAPF, Otto, 1857-1933, botanist. Born in Austria. Assistant in Vienna, 1882-9; in Persia, 1885. Assistant at Kew, 1890; principal assistant, 1899; keeper of the Herbarium, 1909-22; botanical secretary of the Linnean Society, 1908-16; editor of the Botanical Magazine, 1922-33, and of the Index londinensis (1929-31) [TL2, DBE].

STAWELL, William Foster, 1815-89, chief justice. Born in Ireland. Went to the Port Phillip district, 1842. Attorney General. MLA. Chief Justice. Knighted in 1857. FRS (Vic.). Trustee of the Public Library, Gallery and Museum, Melbourne. University of Melbourne Councillor and briefly Chancellor. KCMG, 1886 [ADB]. Stawellia dimorphantha, Symplocos stawellii.

STEENSTRUP, Japetus Smith, 1813-97, Danish zoologist. An expert on Scandinavian fossils. Professor of zoology at Copenhagen, 1846-85. Met M at Kiel in 1846 [DSB].

STEETZ, Joachim, 1804-62, botanist, physician. DrMed (Würzburg), 1829. Physician at the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, Hamburg, 1830-62. From 1849 a lecturer at the Hamburg Botanic Garden [TL2]. Aster steetzii, Streptoglossa steetzii.

STEPHANI, Franz, 1842-1927, German botanist and businessman. Employee and later director of a woollen spinning mill, Dessau, 1859-69; in New York, 1864-6. Merchant in Waldkirchen, Saxony, 1869-80; in Leipzig, 1880-4. With Leipzig publishing house, 1884-1907. Expert on hepaticae [TL2].

STEPHEN, James Wilberforce, 1822-81, lawyer and politician. Born in England. Educated at St John’s College, Cambridge (BA 1844). Read law at Lincoln’s Inn. Admitted to Bar, 1849. Went to Melbourne in 1855 and became a leading barrister. MLA, 1870-4. Attorney-General, 1872; Minister of Public Instruction, 1873-4. Judge of Supreme Court, 1874-81 [ADB].

STEUDEL, Ernst Gottlieb von, 1783-1856, botanist, physician. DrMed (Tübingen), 1805. Physician at Esslingen from 1806. Chief Royal Physician of Württemberg from 1826. A founder of the Württemberg Botanischer Reiseverein, 1825 [TL2]. Restio steudelii.

STEVENSON, George, 1799-1856, editor, nurseryman. First editor of the South Australian gazette and colonial register. Patron of SA horticulture. Developed four acres for a house and garden. Rival of John Bailey. Nursery on Mt Barker Rd [Swinbourne (1982)].

STEWART [steward], Balfour, 1828-87, physicist and meteorologist. Born Edinburgh, travelled to Australia on mercantile business 1855, joined Philosophical Society of Victoria; from 1856 at Kew (UK) Observatory, director from 1859; FRS 1862; researcher on radiant heat and meteorology; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Owens College, Manchester from 1870. [ODNB]

STIRLING, Edward Charles, 1848-1919, surgeon and naturalist. Born in SA. Educated at Cambridge (MA, 1873; MB, 1874; MD, 1880). FRCS, 1874. Consulting surgeon at Adelaide Hospital from 1881; later also professor of physiology at the University of Adelaide. MHA, 1884-7. Director of SA Museum, 1884-1912. Member of Horn Expedition to Central Australia, 1894. FRS, 1893. CMG, 1893; KCMG, 1917 [ADB].

STIRLING, James, 1852-1909, geologist, botanist and surveyor. Born in Vic. District Surveyor and Lands Officer, Omeo, Vic, 1875. FLS, 1883. Retired as Government Geologist and Chief Inspector of Mines [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Helichrysum stirlingi.

STIRTON, James, 1833-1917, Scottish physician and cryptogamist. MD, Edinburgh, 1858. Lecturer on gynaecology at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, 1879-89; professor of gynaecology, Glasgow, 1889-c.1904 [TL2].

STOBBS, John G., 1840-82, Presbyterian minister. Born in Scotland, educated at Glasgow (MA). Assistant minister, Greenock, 1868-74. Went to Melbourne in 1874, as minister of the Scot’s Church; then minister at West Melbourne church, 1875-82 [Age, 11 August 1882].

STOKES, George Gabriel, 1819-1903, British mathematical physicist. Educated at Cambridge; senior wrangler and first Smith’s prizeman, 1841. Lucasian professor of mathematics, Cambridge, 1849-1903. FRS, 1851; Secretary, 1854-85; President, 1885-90. MP, 1887-91. Knighted, 1889 [DSB].

STOKES, John Lort, 1812-85, explorer, hydrographer. Entered Royal Navy, 1824. Assistant Surveyor in Beagle, 1831; Commander, 1841. Surveyed coast of northern Australia. Retired as admiral, 1877 [ADB].

STORY, George Fordyce, 1800-85, medical practitioner. Born in England. Studied medicine at Edinburgh. Went to VDL in 1829 and became assistant surgeon at Waterloo Point Military Station. As secretary of the Royal Society of VDL, in 1844 superintended the development of the Hobart Botanic Garden. Later established a private medical practice at Kelvedon, Tas. Collected botanical specimens for M [ADB].

STRAHAN, George Cumine, 1838-87, colonial administrator. Born in Scotland. Educated at Royal Military College, Woolwich. Colonial Secretary, Bahamas, from 1868; acting Governor, 1872-3. Administrator, Lagos, 1873-4. Governor, Gold Coast, 1874-6; of Windward Islands, 1876-80. CMG, 1875; KCMG, 1880. Governor, Tasmania, 1881-6. GCMG, 1887 [ADB].

STRANGER, Elijah James (1846-1937). Teacher, lay preacher, sawmiller. Born Guernsey; arrived Vic 1853. Educated Tasmania; teacher Coburg, Vic 1866-76; selected land Narracan West (now Thorpdale) by 1877, established and taught at Narracan school 1878-c.1887. Methodist lay preacher, active in the Victorian and Tasmanian circuit; sawmiller, burnt out in 1898 bushfires. Regular contributor to newspapers on agricultural and other matters. [Channel Islands census 1851; Fran k ston and Somerville standard , 16 July 1937, p. 8; various Victorian newspapers]

STRICKLAND, Edward, 1821-89, army officer. Born in Ireland. Served in Canada, 1838-9; in NSW, 1840-1; in Tas., 1842-4; in the Middle East, 1844-60; in Melbourne, 1863-4; in NZ, 1864-7; in Malta, 1874-6; in Cape Colony, 1877-9. CB, 1866; KCB, 1879. Retired 1881 and went to live in Sydney. FRGS, 1860. Vice-president, RGSA, and President of NSW Branch [ADB]. Leptosiphonium stricklandi.

STRONG, Charles, 1844-1942, clergyman. Born in Scotland. Educated at Glasgow, 1859-64. Ordained in 1868; Presbyterian minister in Glasgow, 1871-5; at Scots Church, Melbourne, 1875-83. Minister of the Australian Church, Melbourne, 1885-1942 [ADB].

STRZELECKI, Paul Edmund de, 1797-1873, explorer, scientist. Born in Poland. Travelled widely. Went to Sydney in 1839. Explored the Australian Alps naming the highest peak Kosciuszko. Went to VDL as an explorer and geologist. In London from 1843. British subject, 1845. RGS Founder’s Medal. FRS; FRGS. KCMG, 1869 [ADB]. Strzeleckya dissopserma.

STUART, Charles, 1802-77, gardener, botanical collector. Collected plants for M in SA, Tas, NSW and Qld [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B60.01.01]. Helipterum stuartianum, Polycalymma stuartii.

Stuart, John McDouall, 1815-66, explorer. Born in Scotland. Went to SA in 1839. Explored central Australia. Led a party across the continent, 1861-2 [ADB]. M examined plants collected on various expeditions [e.g. B64.13.05]. Diplopeltis stuartii, Eurybia stuartii.

STURT, Charles, 1795-1869, explorer, soldier, public servant. Led two exploring expeditions into the interior of NSW. Surveyor General, Assistant Commissioner of Lands, Treasurer and Colonial Secretary, SA. Led an exploring expedition into the interior of SA, 1844-6. Went to England in 1853. Applied unsuccessfully for the governorship of Vic. in 1855, and of Qld in 1858 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B57.09.01]. Solanum sturtianum.

SUHR, Johannes Nicolaus von, 1792-1847, Danish soldier and botanist. Captain in the Danish Army in Schleswig, based from 1842 in Rendsburg. A specialist on algae [TL2].

SULLIVAN, Daniel John (1836-1895). School teacher. Born, Mitchelstown, Cork, Ireland. Arrived Vic 1860, described as labourer; stone mason, Riddles Creek. Teacher: Duck Holes near Lancefield 1864-6, Healesville to 1868, Moyston 1868-98 when compulsorily retired. Produced census of Grampians plants. Member Field Naturalists’ Club Victoria 1881; FLS 1884. [ Victorian naturalist , vol. 12, p. 36; Vic unassisted passenger lists; Vic death certificate 6648/1895; George (2009)] Caleya sullivanii, Calycothrix sullivanii

SUTHERLAND, James (c.1834-1886). Grazier, storekeeper. Born Caithness, Scotland. In Qld by 1861 in Suttor River area, Flinders River by 1867, Georgetown and Etheridge goldfields by 1873; Normanton by 1882. Active interest in natural history: supplied botanical specimens from Suttor River area cited by Bentham (1863-78) as early as vol. 3 (1866); also from Flinders River area cited from vol. 4 (1869); supplied Flinders River fossils to F. McCoy 1869; Normanton zoological specimens to Qld Museum 1884; newspapers report mineral specimens collected from Flinders River and Georgetown areas. JP Georgetown 1873. [Various Qld newspapers; notes to specimens listed for MEL in AVH (accessed 28 February 2023); Toowong Cemetery Qld records. George (2009) confounds with Joseph Sutherland] Albizza sutherlandi

SUTHERLAND, Joseph (c.1860-1925). Pastoralist. Probably born Scotland; arrived Australia c.1882; established ‘Weedunrobin’, Jericho district, Qld c.1886-c.1900; working as station hand ‘Wellshot’, Longreach, Qld from 1903. [Various Australian newspapers; electoral rolls]

SUTTON, Henry Charles Manners-. See Henry Charles Manners-Sutton.

SWAINSON, William, 1789-1855, artist, naturalist. Born in London. In Brazil, 1816-18. FLS, 1816; FRS, 1820. Applied unsuccessfully for posts in the British Museum in 1822 and 1837. Went to Wellington in 1841. Went to Sydney in 1851. Appointed by the Vic. and Tas. Governments to report on timber trees, 1853-5 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

SWARTZ, Olof Peter, 1760-1818, Swedish botanist. Travelled in Sweden, 1779-83; USA, 1783; West Indies and South America, 1784-6; worked in London, 1786-7. Studied at Uppsala (DrMed, 1785); Curator and professor at the Bergius horticultural school (Bergianska trädgårdsskolan), 1791-1806. Curator of the natural history cabinet of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, 1806; permanent secretary of the Academy, 1811-8. Professor of botany, Karolinska Institute, 1813-8 [TL2].

T

TATE, Ralph, 1840-1901, geologist and botanist. Born in England. Educated at Royal School of Mines, London. Assistant curator, museum of Geological Society of London, 1864-7. ALS, 1867. Worked as a geologist in Nicaragua and Venezuela, 1867-8, and later in England. Professor of natural science, Adelaide, 1874-1901. FLS, 1883. President, AAAS, 1893. Member of Horn Expedition to central Australia, 1894 [ADB, Desmond, Hall (1978), TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Achnophora tatei, Bassia tatei, Epaltes tatei, Phyllanthus tatei, Strobilanthes tatei, Tatea, Xanthorrhoea tateana.

TAYLOR, Campbell, 1842-1900. Of Albany, WA. Brother of Kate TAYLOR [Battye Library].

TAYLOR, Helen, 1831-1907, step-daughter of John Stuart MILL [DNB].

TAYLOR, Kate (i.e. Catherine Louisa), 1839-1913. Daughter of settlers Patrick Taylor and Mary Yates née Bussell. A sister of Campbell Taylor. Never married. Contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Mueller correspondent. [Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

TEIJSMANN [TEYSMANN], Johannes Elias, 1809-82, Dutch botanist. Went to Java as a gardener in 1830. Curator of the Buitenzorg (now Bogor) Botanic Garden, 1831-69 [TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium.

TENISON WOODS, Julian. See Woods, Julian Tenison.

TEPPER, Johann Gottlieb Otto, 1841-1923, entomologist and school teacher. Born in Prussia. Went to SA, 1847. School teacher at Ardrossan, SA, and later at Clarendon, SA. FLS, 1879. Collector, SA Museum, 1883, later entomologist at Museum [Desmond, Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Candollea tepperiana, Helichrysum tepperi, Lasiopetalum tepperi, Polygala tepperi, Schoenus tepperi.

TESTAR, Elizabeth, -1908. Philanthropist. Member and president of the committee of the Children’s Hospital, Melbourne for 27 years. A member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee.[Age (Melbourne), 27 March 1908, p. 5] Psoralea testariae.

THISELTON-DYER, William Turner, 1843-1928, British botanist. Educated at Oxford (BA, 1867) and London (BSc, 1870). Professor of natural history, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, 1868. Professor of botany, Royal College of Science, Dublin, 1870-2; Royal Horticultural Society, London, 1872-5. FLS, 1872. Assistant director, Kew Botanic Garden, London, 1875-85; director, 1885-1905. FRS, 1880. KCMG, 1899. Son-in-law of Joseph Hooker [Desmond, DSB, TL2]. Encephalartos dyeri.

THOMAS, Charles Louis Ambroise (1811-1896). Composer. Born Metz, France; Conservatoire de Paris: studied piano 1828, composition 1830; professor of harmony, then composition, from 1856, Director 1871-96. Member Académie des Beaux-Arts (musical composition section) 1851; President 1855, 1872, 1890, 1895. Légion d’honneur: Chevalier 1845, Grand-Croix 1894. [ Comité d e s travaux historiques et scientifiques ]

THOMAS, David John, 1813-71, medical practitioner. Born in Wales. Trained in London; MRCS, 1838. Went to Melbourne in 1839. Introduced ether anaesthesia to Vic. in 1847. In England, 1853-9. President of the Medical Society of Vic. in 1864 [ADB]. Chamaelaucium thomasii.

THOMAS, Ebenezer J., public servant. Joined Vic. public service, 1852. Private secretary to Premier and Secretary of Premier’s Department at its formation in 1883 [Victorian public service lists].

THOMAS, JULIAN. See John Stanley James.

THOMSON, Edward Deas, 1800-79, public servant, parliamentarian. Born in Edinburgh. FLS, 1828. Went to NSW. Colonial Secretary from 1837. CB, 1856. A founder of the University of Sydney. Vice Chancellor and Chancellor, 1865-78. KCMG, 1874 [ADB]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

THOMSON, James Park, 1854-1921, geographer and public servant. Born in Scotland. In USA and South America, 1872-4; NZ, 1876; NSW, 1877-9; Fiji, 1880-4. Joined Qld Department of Public Lands as draftsman. Founded Qld branch, RGSA; president, 1894-7. CBE, 1920 [ADB].

THOMSON, Robert, 1840-1908, British gardener. At Kew, 1862. At Castleton Botanic Garden, Jamaica, 1862-79 [Desmond].

THOMSON, Thomas, 1817-78, botanist, surgeon. Born in Glasgow. FLS, 1852; FRS, 1855. Surgeon in the Bengal army, 1839. Joined Joseph Hooker on a Himalayan expedition, 1849. Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1854-61 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B60.01.01].

THOMSON, William, 1814-95, Scottish horticulturist. Gardener to Duke of Buccleuch at Dalkeith. Editor, Gardener, 1869-82 [Desmond].

THOMSON, William, Baron Kelvin of Largs, 1824-1907, Scottish physicist. Educated at Glasgow and Cambridge, 1841-5. Professor of natural philosophy, Glasgow, 1846-99. FRS, 1851; president, 1890-4. Made important contributions to the study of electricity, magnetism, light and heat. Knighted in 1866 for his role in the laying of the trans-Atlantic telegraph cable. Raised to the peerage, 1892. OM, 1902 [DNB].

THORPE, Jane, ?-1895. Married Dr William Henry Cutts in 1857.Treasurer of the Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee. Cuttsia.

THOZET, Anthelme, c. 1826-78, botanist. Born in France. Went to Sydney c. 1850. Went to Port Curtis goldfields, Qld in 1858. Settled at ‘Canoona’, Muellerville, near Rockhampton where he established an experimental garden. Established ‘Kalba’ Botanic Garden. FLS, 1867 [Gibbney & Smith (1987); Desmond; Morning bulletin, Rockhampton, 1 June 1878]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B60.01.01]. Acacia thozetiana, Alyxia thozetii, Aristolochia thozetii, Busbeckia thozetiana, Ixora thozetiana, Jambosa thozetiana, Phragmicoma thozetiana.

THÜMEN [THUEMEN], Felix Karl Albert Ernst Joachim von, 1839-92, German botanist. Lived on his estate in Silesia, devoting much of his time to botany. Adjunct at Klosterneuberg Experiment Station near Vienna from 1876. An expert on fungi [TL2]. Specimens of fungi are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

THUNBERG, Carl Peter, 1743-1828, Swedish botanist. Studied natural sciences and medicine with Carl LINNAEUS at Uppsala (DrPhil, 1767; DrMed, 1772). Studied in Amsterdam and Paris, 1770-2. At the Cape of Good Hope, 1772-5; Java, 1775; Japan 1775-6; Java, 1776-7; Ceylon, 1777-8; Holland, 1778; Sweden, 1779. Botanical demonstrator, Uppsala, 1777; extraordinary professor, 1781; professor of botany and medicine, 1784-1828 [TL2].

THURSTON, John Bates, 1836-97, planter, politician and administrator. Born in Britain. In the merchant marine, 1850-5. Sheep farmer near Sydney, c.1859-62. Acting consul, Ovalau, Fiji, 1867-9; colonial secretary Fiji, 1874; lieutenant-governor, 1886; governor and commander-in-chief, Fiji and western Pacific, 1887-97. Collected plants in Fiji between 1863 and 1897. CMG, 1880; KCMG, 1887 [TL2, DNB]. Pritchardia thurstoni.

THWAITES [TWAITES], George Henry Kendrick, 1812-82, botanist. Born in England. FLS, 1854; FRS, 1865. Superintendent of the Peradeniya Botanic Garden, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from 1849. Director, 1857-80 [Desmond]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Fagraea thwaitesii, Symplocos thwaitesii.

TIETKENS, William Harry [Henry], 1844-1933, surveyor, prospector and explorer. Born in England. Went to Australia, 1859. Second-in-charge of Ernest GILES’s two exploring expeditions, 1873, 1875. Leader of exploring expedition westward from Alice Springs into the western desert, 1889. FRGS, 1889. Surveyor, NSW Department of Lands, 1891-1909 [ADB]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Aotus tietkensii, Eremophila tietkensii, Helipterum tietkensii.

TIMBRELL, Ann, c.1824-1906, sericulturalist, Lived at Plenty Road, Collingwood. Awarded the first government premium for silk in 1864. Awarded 13 exhibition prizes. Died at the Old Colonists’ Home, Melbourne, Victoria [Ballarat star, 2 July 1906, p. 2].

TIMINS, Elizabeth Helen, -1857. Married Henry Barkly in 1840. Died post-partum after birth of second son. [ADB, ODNB: ‘Henry Barkly’].

TODARO, Agostino, 1818-92, botanist. Born in Sicily. Studied at Palermo. Assistant at the Palermo Botanic Garden, 1848-56; acting director, 1856-60; director, 1860-92 [TL2]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B69.07.03].

TODD, Charles, 1826-1910, astronomer, meteorologist and telegraph engineer. Born in England. Went to Adelaide in 1856. Director, Adelaide Observatory, 1856-1905. Postmaster-general, SA, 1870-1905. Supervised construction of trans-Australian telegraph lines, Adelaide-Darwin, 1870-2, and Adelaide-WA, 1877. CMG, 1872; KCMG, 1893. FRS, 1889 [ADB]. Conospermum toddii.

TOPP, Charles Alfred, 1847-1932, educationist, civil servant. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1858. BA, MA and LLB (Melbourne). Under Secretary from 1894. Public Service Commissioner from 1902. FLS, 1887; FRS (Vic.), and President of the FNCV, 1890-1 [ADB]. Planned to write M’s biography [VPRS 3991, PROV].

TORELLI, Luigi, 1810-87, Italian politician. Was at times Minister for Agriculture, Industries and Commerce. Became a Senator of united Italy, 1860. Promoted study of Phylloxera infestation of vines [Hall (1978)]. Eucalyptus torrelliana.

TOURNEFORT, Joseph Pitton De, 1656-1708, French botanist. Educated at Montpellier. Assistant at the King’s Garden (Jardin du Roi), Paris, 1683-1708. Elected to the Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences), Paris, 1691. Travelled in the Levant, 1700-2 [DSB].

TRAVERS, Henry Hammersley, 1844-1928, botanical collector. Born in England. Went to NZ in 1849 with his father William Travers. Collected plants at the Chatham Islands for M and for the Wellington Botanic Garden [Desmond]. Chiloglottis traversii, Eurybia traversii.

TRAVERS, William Thomas Locke, 1819-1903, lawyer and botanist. Born in Ireland. Went to NZ in 1849. Practised law at Nelson, NZ; resident magistrate, 1855. FLS, 1863. Studied the alpine plants of the South Island of NZ [Desmond]. Father of Henry Hammersley Travers. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B65.10.01, B69.07.03]. Aster traversii, Eurybia traversii, Senecio traversii.

TREUB, Melchior, 1851-1910, Dutch botanist. Assistant at Leiden botanical institute, 1873-80. Director, Buitenzorg (now Bogor) Botanic Garden, 1880-1909 [TL2].

TRIMEN, Henry, 1843-96, British botanist. MB London, 1865. FLS, 1866. Assistant in the Botany Department of the British Museum, 1869-79. Editor of the Journal of Botany, 1870-9. Director of the Peradeniya Botanic Garden, Ceylon, 1879-96. FRS, 1888 [Desmond]. .

TROEDEL, Johannes Theodor Charles, 1836-1906, lithographer. Born in Hamburg. Trained under his father as a lithographer. Went to Melbourne in 1860; established his own lithographic printing firm in 1863 [ADB].

TULK, Augustus Henry, 1810-73, librarian. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1854. Librarian at the Public Library in Melbourne, 1856-73 [ADB].

TURCZANINOW, Nicolai Stepanowitsch, 1796-1863, botanist, public servant. Administrator for the Russian government. Collected plants on travels and formed a large herbarium. Retired at Charkow, Russia 1847-63 [TL2]. Cyanostegia turczaninowii, Darwinia turczaninowii.

TURNER, James Francis, 1829-93, Anglican divine. Born in England. Ordained a priest in 1853. Bishop of Grafton and Armidale, NSW, 1869-92 [ADB].

TURNER, Maria, 1799-1871. Married William Hooker in 1815 [Allan (1967)].

TYERS, Charles James, 1806-70, surveyor, public servant. Born in London. Surveyor in the Portland district, Vic. from 1841. Commissioner of Crown Lands for Gippsland, from 1843 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B61.02.01].

TYNDALL, John, 1820-93, British physicist. Worked as surveyor in Ireland and England, 1839-47. Studied at Marburg (DrPhil, 1850). Professor of natural philosophy, Royal Institution, London, 1853-87. FRS, 1852 [DSB].

U

ULRICH, George Heinrich Friedrich, 1830-1900, geologist, mineralogist. Born in Oberharz. Went to Vic. in 1853. Geological Survey of Victoria, 1858-69. At the Industrial and Technological Museum, Melbourne, from 1870. Went to NZ in 1875. Professor of mining and mineralogy at the University of Otago from 1877. FRGS [ADB, NZDB]. Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein).

UMBERTO I, King of Italy, 1844-1900. Reigned 1878-1900. [Everyman’s Encyclopaedia (1949-50)].

URBAN, Ignatz, 1848-1931, German botanist. Educated at Bonn and Berlin, 1866-9. On military service, 1869-71. DrPhil, Berlin, 1873. Teacher in Berlin, 1873-78. Assistant at the Berlin Botanic Garden, 1878-83; curator, 1883-89; second director and titular professor 1889-1913 [TL2].

V

VALE, Richard Tayler, 1836-1916, bookseller and politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1853 and to Ballarat, 1869; bookseller there, 1872-1900. Represented Ballarat in Vic. Legislative Assembly, 1886-9, 1892-1902. Member of Council and Vice-president for some years of the Ballarat School of Mines [ADB].

VAN HEURCK, Henri Ferdinand, 1838-1909, Belgian industrialist and botanist. In charge of his family’s dye factory and chemical firm, 1869-96. Self-taught as a botanist. Director of the Antwerp Botanic Garden, 1877-1909. An expert on diatoms [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

VAN HOUTTE, Louis Benoît, 1810-76, horticulturalist. Collected plants in Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras and the Cape Verde Islands, 1834-5. At the Brussels Botanic Garden. At Gendbrugge as a private horticulturalist and teacher [TL2]. Plant/seed exchanges with the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02, B58.04.01].

VANCE, Alexander (c.1827-1899). Miner. Born Londonderry, Nova Scotia. Described as ‘seaman’ in 1851 census Canada West (i.e Ontario); in Vic c.1863. Shareholder applicant to register ‘Extended Sons of Freedom Gold mining Company’, Black Dog Creek, Chiltern, Vic 1865; shareholder and director of other mines. [ Ovens and Mur r ay advertiser (Beechworth), 9 December 1899, p. 11; various Vic newspapers; Vic death certificate 13080/1899]

VEITCH, Messrs, nurserymen. Of Exeter, England. Established c. 1830 by James Veitch (1792-1863). Managed with his son James Veitch Jr (1815-69) from 1853, when they also acquired a Chelsea nursery [Desmond]. Recipients of the Melbourne Botanic Garden plant/seed distribution scheme. s. Plant/seed vendor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

VENTENAT, Étienne Pierre, 1757-1808, French priest and botanist. Librarian of his congregation; librarian of the Panthéon from 1796 [TL2, NBG].

VERCO, Joseph Cooke, 1851-1933, physician and conchologist. Born in Adelaide. Educated at University of London; MB, 1875; MD, 1876; BS, 1877. LRCP, 1875; FRCS, 1877. General practitioner, SA, from 1878. Co-founder of University of Adelaide medical school. Collector of shells, corals and other marine life [ADB].

VERDON, George Frederic, 1834-96, politician and banker. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1851. MLA, 1859-68; Treasurer, 1860-8. A strong supporter of science and the arts. Agent-General for Vic., 1868-72. FRS, 1870. KCMG, 1872. Australian manager of the Scottish and Australian Chartered Bank, 1872-91. Trustee of the Public Library, Art Gallery and Museum and on the Board of Visitors of the Melbourne Observatory from 1872 [ADB]. Quintinia verdonii.

VERNON, William, 1811-90, gardener. Born in England. Gardener at the Sydney Botanic Garden; in charge of the herbarium from 1857 [Desmond]. . Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Ionidium vernonii.

VICTORIA Adelaide Mary Louisa, Princess of Prussia, 1840-1901. Eldest daughter of Queen Victoria of England. Married in 1858 Prince Friedrich of Prussia, who succeeded his father in March 1888 to become Emperor Friedrich III of Germany, but died in June of the same year.

VICTORIA MELITA (1876-1936). Princess and Grand Duchess. Born Malta, daughter of Kirill (Cyril) Grand Duke of Russia, 1905. Granddaughter of Queen Victoria. [ ODNB entry for Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]

VICTORIA, 1819-1901, Queen of Great Britain and (from 1877) Empress of India [EB]. Grevillea victoriae.

VIEILLARD, Eugène Deplanche Émile, 1819-96, French naval surgeon and botanist. Collected in Tahiti, 1855-7; in New Caledonia 1857-9, 1861-9. Director of the Caen Botanic Garden, 1871-95 [TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium.

VILMORIN, Charles Philippe Henri Levêque de, 1843-99, French botanist and plant breeder. Head of Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie, one of the world’s largest seeds businesses, 1867-99 [TL2]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B65.10.01]. Goodenia vilmoriniae.

VIRCHOW, Rudolph Carl, 1821-1902, German medical scientist. Born in Pomerania. Studied in Berlin (MD, 1843). Lecturer in pathological anatomy, Berlin, 1847-9; professor at Würzburg, 1849-56; at Berlin from 1856. Co-founder of the German Anthropological Society, 1869. Member of the Reichstag, 1861-1902 [DSB]. Ceratopetalum virchowii.

VITTORIO EMANUELE II, King of Italy, 1820-78. Reigned as King of Sardinia, 1849-61, before being proclaimed King of a united Italy.

VOGAN, Arthur James, 1859-1948, writer and traveller. Born in England. Went to NSW c.1885. Artist in New Guinea expedition, 1885. Travelled widely; adviser to British mining interests [Gibney & Smith].

VOGEL, Eduard, 1829-56, German explorer. Sent by the British government to search for Heinrich Barth, missing in the Sahara, but was killed by local tribesmen there.

VOGEL, Julius Rudolph Theodor, 1812-41, German botanist. Lecturer in botany at Bonn, 1838-40. A member of the Niger expedition, 1840-1; died at Fernando Po [TL2].

VOGEL, Julius, 1835-99, NZ politician. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Became a journalist on the goldfields. Went to NZ in 1861. Established the Otago daily times and became active in Otago provincial politics. A member of the NZ House of Representatives from 1867. Colonial Treasurer, 1869-72; leader of the government, 1872-4, 1876. KCMG, 1875. Agent General, 1876-80. Premier, 1884-7 [DNZB]. M met him in Melbourne in 1874.

VOGRICH, Maximilian Carl Wilhelm, 1852-1916, pianist and composer. Born Austria, studied Leipzig, to Australia c. 1881; conductor for Sydney Philharmonic Society, New South Wales. Married the Australian soprano Alice Rees. Moved to United States, 1886.

VOLGER, Georg Heinrich Otto, 1822-97, German geologist and mineralogist. Met M at Kiel in 1846. Studied at Göttingen (PhD, 1845). Lecturer at Aargau and later at Zürich. At Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, from 1856. Founder of Freie Deutsche Hochstift, Frankfurt, 1859-81 [DBE].

VOLUM, James (1803-1884). Shipmaster, brewer. Born Peterhead, Scotland; mate and master in foreign trade from 1820, traded to Australia from late 1830s; settled Vic 1856, retaining title of ‘Captain’; brewer, Geelong 1856-84; shareholder and director other Geelong businesses. Active in parish church affairs. [Scotland census 1841; UK and Ireland Masters and Mates certificates, No. 48124; Vic death certificate 4553/1884; Victoria probate records; various Australian newspapers]

VRIESE, Willem Hendrik de, 1806-62, botanist, physician. DrMed (Leiden), 1830. Physician, and a lecturer at the Medical School, Rotterdam, 1831-4. Professor of Botany at the University of Amsterdam, 1834-45, at Leiden, 1845-62. Travelled in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), 1858-61 [TL2].

W

WÄCHTER, Johann August von, 1807-79, German diplomat. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Württemberg, 1871-3 [Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart].

WADSWORTH, Robert, 1828-98, public servant. Born in England. Went to NZ and worked as a school teacher. Went to Melbourne in 1854. Clerk to the Governor, 1855-75; Clerk to the Executive Council, 1875-89 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B62.03.01]. Harpulia wadsworthii.

WAGNER, Rudolph, 1805-65, German anatomist. Professor of anatomy at Göttingen from 1840 [DSB].

WAITZ, Karl Friedrich, 1774-1848, German government official and botanist. Of Altenburg.

WALCOTT, Pemberton, 1835?-83. Born in WA. Natural history collector on Francis Gregory’s expedition to NW Australia in 1861. Later a fisheries inspector at Roebuck Bay, WA [Hall (1984)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B60.01.01, B69.07.03]. Anthotroche walcotti, Corchorus walcottii, Diplolobium walcottii, Lachnostachys walcottii, Walcottia. .

WALDBURG-ZEIL, Carl von, 1841-90, German polar explorer. Named a mountain in Spitzbergen in M’s honour. M named Mt Zeil and the Waldburg Range, WA after him.

WALES, Prince and Princess of. See Edward and Alexandra.

WALKER, Annie Frances, 1831-1913, artist. Born in NSW. Won gold medal for flower paintings, London Exhibition, 1873. Presented paintings to Queen Victoria for her jubilee. 1700 of her paintings are in the Mitchell Library, Sydney [Gibbney & Smith (1987), J. Willis et al. (1986)].

WALKER, Frederick, 1820?-66, police officer and explorer. Born in England. Went to NSW in 1844. Commander of native police from 1847, and an outspoken advocate of the right of Aborigines to protection from rapacious squatters. Dismissed from office in 1854. In 1861, led one of the Burke and Wills search expeditions. Died while seeking a route for a telegraph line to the Gulf of Carpentaria [ADB].

WALKER, James Backhouse, 1841-99, solicitor and historian. Born at Hobart. Solicitor in Hobart from 1876. Member of the Tas. Board of Education. Wrote extensively on the early history of Tas. [ADB]. Brother of Mary Augusta WALKER.

WALKER, Mary Augusta, 1856-1952, governess and teacher. Sister of James Backhouse WALKER. Studied art in Melbourne, London and Paris [Archives of the Religious Society of Friends, University of Tasmania Library].

WALLICH, Nathaniel, 1786-1854, physician, botanist. Of Denmark. FLS. Assistant Superintendent at the Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1815-16; Superintendent, 1817-46. Collected widely in Asia [TL2].

WALLIS, Alexander Robert, 1848-1928, agricultural administrator. Born in India, and educated in England and Germany. Went to Melbourne in 1871. Victoria’s first Secretary of Agriculture, 1872-82. Went to NZ in 1887, where he managed an agricultural estate [Wright (1982)].

WALPERS, Wilhelm Gerhard, 1816-53, botanist. Born at Mühlhausen, Thüringen. DrPhil (Greifswald), 1839. Independent scientist at Berlin [TL2].

WARBURTON, Peter Egerton, 1813-89, explorer. Born in England. Went to Adelaide in 1853. Commissioner of Police. Led an expedition (funded by Thomas Elder) from central Aust. to the WA coast, 1873-4. RGS Patron’s Medal; CMG [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B60.01.01, B62.03.01]. Warburtonia potentillina.

WARD-COLE, see COLE, Agnes Bruce; COLE, Margaret Morison; COLE, Thomas Anne.

WATERHOUSE, Frederick George, 1815-98, naturalist. Born in England. Worked at the British Museum with his entomologist brother George. Went to SA in 1852. Curator of the SA Museum, 1860-82. Collected on Kangaroo Island at M’s suggestion. Accompanied John McDouall Stuart as naturalist on his expedition across the continent, 1861-3 [ADB]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium [B61.02.01]. Spyridium waterhousii.

WATSON & SCULL, M’s London agents, superseding Blackith & Co. in 1880.

WATSON, Archibald (1849-1940). Professor of anatomy. Born Tarcutta NSW; Studied medicine in England, France and Germany: Göttingen MD 1878; Paris MD 1880; LSA 1880, MRCS 1882, FRCS 1884. Elder Professor of Anatomy, University of Adelaide 1885-1919, adding pathological anatomy (1887-1903), operative surgery (1887-1919). [ ADB ; Advertiser (Adelaide), 26 April 1947, p. 2]

WATSON, Robert, 1822-91, engineer. Born in England. Trained as a surveyor and engineer. Went to Melbourne in 1854. Joined Vic. Survey Department, 1854. Resident engineer of Vic. Railways. Engineer-in-chief, 1878-9, 1881-91. Led surveying expedition for Qld government, 1881 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

WATSON, Sereno, 1826-92, American botanist. Studied at Yale (BA, 1847). Practised as a physician, 1852-6. Botanist to King’s expedition to survey the Fortieth Parallel, 1867. Added to the Synoptical Flora of North America, begun by Asa Gray. Assistant, Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, 1870-4; curator, 1874-92 [ANB].

WATTERS, John, c1820-1901, gardener. Born in Scotland and trained as a gardener. Went to Melbourne in 1852 and was employed at the Melbourne Botanic Garden before the end of that year. Collected for M at Wilson’s Promontory, 1856. Retired in 1885 [Aitken & Looker (2002)].

WAUGH, James Swanton, 1822-98, clergyman. Born in Ireland. Trained at Wesleyan Theological Institute, Hoxton, England. Went to Melbourne in 1854. Minister of Wesley Church, Melbourne, from1859. President of Wesley College, 1866-83. President of the General Wesleyan Conference of Australasia, 1881 [ADB].

WEBB, William Heaton, 1834-97. Born in Britain. Transported to WA as a convict. Went to Albany, WA, 1862, employed as a shepherd. Later lived in Albany. Became an expert taxidermist [Albany Advertiser, 19 November 1998]. Plant and seed contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Bossiaea webbii.

WEDDELL, Hugh Algernon, 1819-77, botanist and physician. Born in Britain. Grew up and worked in France. DrMed, Paris, 1841. Associated with Adrien Jussieu; went with François Castelnau to S. America, 1843-8 (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru). Aide-naturaliste at the Natural History Museum (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, 1850-7. Visited Bolivia again in 1853 in search of Cinchona. FLS, 1859 [TL2].

WEHL, Clara. See Clara MÜller.

WEHL, Ferdinand Edward, 1855-1908, M’s nephew, first son of Clara WEHL, M’s sister. Born in SA [VBOT].

WEHL, Henrietta Jane, 1868-1953, M’s niece, sixth daughter of Clara WEHL, M’s sister. Born in SA. Married Donald Sinclair, 1891 [VBOT].

WEHL, Johann Dietrich Eduard, 1824-1876, physician. Went to Mt Gambier, SA in 1849. Married Clara Müller in 1853. Owned the district’s first flour mill, 1857-66. Farmed in Mt Gambier East for about ten years. First Chairman of the District Council, 1863 [Hill (1972) p. 56]. Wehlia thryptomenoides.

WEHL, Louise Theresia, 1860-1952, postmistress. M’s niece. Clara Wehl’s daughter. Postmistress at Appila, SA. Married J. Matthiessen in 1889. Died at Griffith, NSW [Pearson-Davis collection, RBG, Melbourne].

WEHL, Maria [Marie] Magdalena, 1862-1960, M’s niece, fourth daughter of Clara WEHL, M’s sister. Botanical artist. Born in SA [VBOT]. Plant and fungi contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium [May, Maroske & Sinkora (1995)].

WEHL, OTTILIE BERTHA, 1854-1922, M’s niece, first daughter of Clara WEHL, M’s sister. Born in SA. Married George HARRIS, 1874 [VBOT].

WEKEY, Sigismund, 1825?-89, solicitor, pamphleteer. Born in Hungary. Went to Vic. in 1854. Honorary Secretary of the Philosophical Society of Victoria in 1854 and of its successor, the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, to 1856 [ADB].

WELD, Frederick Aloysius, 1823-91, English colonial governor. Educated at Stonyhurst and the University of Fribourg. Went to NZ, 1843, and became a sheep-farmer. MLA, NZ, 1852; Minister for Native Affairs, 1860-1; Prime Minister, 1864-7. Governor, WA, 1869-74; Tas., 1875-80; Straits Settlements, 1880-7. CMG, 1875; KCMG, 1880; GCMG, 1885 [ADB]. Eromophila weldii.

WELLINGTON, First duke of, 1769-1852, English military leader and statesman. Born as Arthur Wellesley. British army officer from 1787. MP, 1790-5. Had a distinguished military career in India, 1797-1804, rising to major-general. KB, 1804. MP, 1806-9; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1807-9. Commander of British forces during the Peninsular War, 1808-1813, ending the campaign as field-marshal. Created Viscount in 1809; Earl and then Marquis in 1812; Duke in 1814. Commander of the British forces at the Battle of Waterloo, 1815. KG, 1813; GCB, 1815. Prime Minister, 1828-30, 1834; Cabinet minister without office, 1841-6 [DNB].

WELLS, Arthur Brenton (c. 1815-1888). Civil engineer. Born Hawling, Gloucestershire, England; arrived Melbourne 1853. Appointed public service 1857; Railways Department: Engineer and surveyor 1858; resident engineer 1861-1878 when, with others, ‘services dispensed with’; acted as Chief engineer in absence of Thomas Higinbotham. [Vic Blue Books; Victoria Government Gazette 8 January 1878, p. 72; Vic death certificate 11398/1888, various Vic newspapers]

WELWITSCH, Friedrich Martin Josef, 1806-72, botanist and doctor. Born in Austria. MD, Vienna, 1836. Went to Portugal, 1839. Curator at Lisbon Polytechnic. Collected in Angola, 1853-61. ALS, 1858. In Portugal, 1861-3; in London, 1863-72. FLS, 1865 [Desmond, TL2].

WENDLAND, Hermann A., 1825-1903, German botanist and gardener. From 1849 ‘Hofgarten-Inspektor’ at Herrenhausen, near Hannover; director from 1869. An expert on palms [TL2]. Kentia wendlandiana.

WESTGARTH, William, 1815-89, merchant, politician, historian. Born in Edinburgh. Went to Melbourne in 1840. Established an importing business with Alfred Ross and James Spowers. Returned to England in 1857 where he established a sharebroking firm [ADB].

WHAN, William Taylor, 1829-1901, clergyman. Born in Ireland. Presbyterian minister at Skipton, Vic., and then from 1884 at Port Fairy, Vic. Collected plants for M [Hall (1984)]. Plant donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [B61.02.01, B69.07.03].

WHEATSTONE, Charles, 1802-75, English physicist. Maker of musical instruments, without formal scientific training. Experimented on acoustics. Professor of natural philosophy, King’s College, London, 1834. FRS, 1836. Invented the system of electric telegraphs, 1837. Knighted, 1868 [DSB].

WHITE, John, 1756?-1832, British naval surgeon. Chief surgeon in the First Fleet to NSW in 1788. A keen naturalist, recording many observations in the vicinity of Port Jackson in his journal, published in London in 1790 with descriptions of new species by English specialists. Returned to England in 1794 [ADB].

WHITE, Robert Hoddle Driberg (1838-1900). Bank manager and politician. Born Stroud, NSW; Bank of New South Wales: junior clerk 1857, manager of branches in Qld, Vic, NSW to 1880. Bought property NSW; MLA 1882-87; appointed MLC 1887. Fellow Royal Colonial Institute, founding life member Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, NSW Branch.[ ADB ]

WHITELEGGE, Thomas, 1850-1927, naturalist, museum assistant and bryologist. Born in England. Collected plants for his own herbarium. Went to Sydney, 1883. Senior scientific assistant, department of lower invertebrates, Australian Museum. Member of Council, Linnean Society, NSW, 1890-6. Transferred to National Herbarium, Sydney, 1908 [MEL].

WHITMEE, Samuel James, 1838-1925, English missionary. Missionary for the London Missionary Society in Samoa and the Loyalty Islands, 1863-77, and again in Samoa, 1891-4. Collected plants in Samoa [Desmond]. Vaccinium whitmeei.

WIGHT, Robert, 1796-1872, surgeon, botanist. MD (Edinburgh), 1818. Joined the British East India Company in 1819. Superintendent of the Madras Botanic Garden, 1826-8. Director of the Coimbatore Cotton Experiment Station, India, 1842-50. Went to England in 1853 [TL2].

WILHELMI, Johann Freidrich Carl, 1829-84, botanist, anthropologist. Seedsman in Dresden. Went to SA in 1849 as a member of the Dresden Missionary Society. Assistant Protector of Aborigines at Port Lincoln, 1851-4. At the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Acting Government Botanist, 1855-6. Returned to Dresden in 1869 [Desmond, Gibbney & Smith (1987)] Member of the German Club of Victoria (Deutscher Verein). Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B57.09.01, B69.07.03]. Acacia wilhelmiana, Lasiopetalum wilhelmii, Verticordia wilhelmii.

WILKIE, David Elliot, 1815-85, physician. Born in Scotland. Went to Melbourne via Adelaide in 1839. Specialist in the diseases of women and children. FRS (Vic.). MLC [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B65.10.01]. Prostanthera wilkieana, Wilkiea calyptrocalyx.

WILKIE, Mary. See Mary Elizabeth Clow.

WILLAN, Sophie Catherine, 1863?-1943, married Brian HOOKER, 1888 [Allan (1967)].

WILLDENOW, Carl Ludwig, 1765-1812, German botanist. Studied at Halle (MD, 1789). In charge of family pharmacy, Berlin, 1790-8. Professor of natural history, Medical and Surgical College (Collegium medico-chirurgicum), Berlin, 1798; botanist at the Berlin Academy of Sciences and director of the Berlin Botanic Garden, 1801; professor of botany, University of Berlin, 1810-2 [TL2].

WILLE, Jordan Nordal Fischer (1858-1924). Botanist. Born Hobøl, Østfold, Norway; studied botany and geology, Kristiana (now Oslo), 1875; doctorate Kristiana, 1885. Left teaching to focus on research, prepared by working with Wittrock 1878, Warming 1881, Schwendener 1882. Positions in Sweden: Curator National Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 1883-6; Professor of botany Stockholm University 1886-89. Positions in Norway: 1889 taught botany Agricultural School, Ås 1889-93; Professor of botany, University of Kristiania and manager of the botanical garden Tøyen, 1893-24. Politically and philanthropically active, drafted Nature Conservation Act 1910. Knight, Order of St Olave, Commander, Order of the Polar Star.[ Norsk biografisk leksikon , accessed 22 November 2022; TL2 ]

WILLEM III, King of the Netherlands, 1817-90 (reigned 1849-90).

WILLIAMS, David John, 1819-1902, medical practitioner. Born in Britain. MRCS, 1841; MD, St Andrews, 1842; LSA, London, 1845. Went to Melbourne in 1853. FRCS, 1861. MD, Melbourne, 1882. Coroner and district surgeon, Ballarat, Vic., 1854. At Queenscliff, Vic., from 1863 [Medical Register, Victoria (1882-92)].

WILLIAMSON, Alexander William, 1824-1904, English chemist. Fellow, Chemical Society of London, 1848; President, 1863-5, 1869-71. Professor of practical chemistry, University College London, 1855-87; of chemistry, 1876-1901. FRS, 1855; Council member, 1859-61, 1869-71, Foreign Secretary, 1873-89; Royal Medal, 1862 [DNB].

WILLIAMSON, Herbert Bennett (1860-1931). Teacher, naturalist. Born Beechworth, Vic; taught in Vic state schools from c.1880: 1884 completed certificate of competence at Greta, in Hawkesdale by 1889, several other appointments, finally Dandenong 1922, retired 1925. Active in civic, literary, musical and natural history at all locations; joined Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria 1901, assistant secretary and librarian from 1921. Honorary curator, University of Melbourne herbarium, 1929-31. Extensive personal herbarium now in National Herbarium of Victoria. FLS 1922. [ Daley (1931), George (2009), various Vic newspapers] Grevillea williamsonii

WILLKOMM, Heinrich Moritz, 1821-95, botanist, explorer. Botanized in Spain and Portugal. DrPhil (Leipzig), 1850. Professor and Curator of the Herbarium, University of Leipzig from 1855. Professor of Natural History at Tharandt, 1855-68. Professor of Botany and Director of the University of Dorpat Botanic Garden,1868-73. Professor of Botany and Director of the University of Prague Botanic Garden, 1874-92 [TL2].

WILLS, William John, 1834-61, explorer. Born in England. Went to Melbourne in 1853. Assistant at astronomical and magnetical observatories in Melbourne. Surveyor and Astronomer on the Burke and Wills Exploring Expedition, 1860-1. Later second-in-command. Crossed Australia from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Died at camp by Cooper Creek [ADB]. Eremophila willsii.

WILSON, Edward, 1813-78, journalist, philanthropist. Born in London. Went to Melbourne via Sydney. Bought the Argus in 1848 and worked as its Editor until 1855. Set up as a gentleman farmer near Keilor. Member of the Acclimatisation Society of Victoria. Returned to England in 1864 [ADB]. Animal donor to the Melbourne Botanic and Zoological Garden [e.g. B60.01.01]. Eugenia wilsonii.

WILSON, James Spottiswoode, 1813-1903 Geologist, Irish born, migrated to South Australia, 1838; to California in gold rushes, c. 1849-1852; to London where introduced to Roderick Murchison, who arranged his appointment as geologist on the North Australia Exploring Expedition, 1855-6; from 1859 -1890 in Ecuador, then to WA, at Esperance. [Moore, D. https://www.academia.edu/41127982/James_Spottiswoode_Wilson_November_2019_ESSAY (accessed 26 August 2022)] Boronia artemisiifolia var. wilsonii [B58.11.02].

WILSON, John Bracebridge, 1828-95, schoolmaster and naturalist. Born in England. Educated at Cambridge (BA, 1852). Went to Melbourne in 1857. Teacher at Geelong Grammar School, Vic., from 1858; headmaster, 1863-95. An enthusiastic naturalist, especially of marine organisms. FLS, 1882 [ADB, Desmond].

WILSON, Thomas Richard, 1834-95, public servant. Born in Ireland. Went to Melbourne in 1852. Joined Vic. public service in Lands Department; Under-secretary, Chief Secretary’s Department, from 1881 [Gibbney & Smith (1987)].

WILSON, William Parkinson, 1826-74, mathematician. Born in England. Studied at Cambridge (senior wrangler, 1847; MA, 1850). Professor of mathematics, Queen’s College, Belfast, 1869-54; University of Melbourne, 1854-74 [ADB].

WINNECKE, Charles George Alexander, 1856-1902, explorer, geologist and botanist. Born in SA. Educated at St Peter’s College, Adelaide. In charge of expedition to determine the border between SA and Qld, 1881. Collected plants in Central Australia, 1883, and near Stuart’s Range, 1885. Leader of Horn Expedition, 1894 [Desmond, Gibbney & Smith (1987)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Isotropis winneckei, Triumfetta winneckeana.

WINTER, HEINRICH GEORG, 1848-87, German mycologist. Studied at Leipzig (DrPhil, 1873), Munich and Halle. Lecturer in botany, Zürich Polytechic, 1876-83. Editor of Hedwigia, 1879-87. In Leipzig from 1883 [TL2].

WINTLE, Samuel Henry (1830-1909). Geologist. Born Hobart, Tas; prospector and mine manager, Tas. To Vic by 1886, involved in mineral exploration. Wrote for newspapers and lectured on geological subjects, Hobart and Melbourne; published verse and literary criticism in newspapers. Controversialist. FLS 1880. [Various Australian newspapers]

WISCHER, Wilhelm [William] Hermann (1841-1914). Merchant and manufacturer. Born Rochau, Sachsen Anhalt, Germany; arrived Melbourne 1863; lime merchant by1867, later manufacturers of fertilizers at Footscray. Naturalised 1870. [ A r gus (Melbourne), 7 August 1914, p. 6, various Victorian newspapers; National Archives of Australia (index): NAA: A712, 1870/V5508]

WISE, May (i.e. Mary Isabel), 1882-1955. Clerk, teacher. Daughter of George Henry Wise, solicitor, Sale, Victoria. Contributor to the Mueller Herbarium. [Maroske & Vaughan (2014)]

WITTMACK, Marx Carl Ludwig, 1839-1929, German botanist. Studied at Jena and Berlin; DrPhil, Göttingen, 1867. Curator, Agricultural Museum, Berlin, 1871. Teacher, Berlin Agricultural Institute, 1874. Professor at University of Berlin, 1880-1913; at Agricultural University, 1881-1913 [TL2].

WITTROCK, Veit Brecher, 1839-1914, Swedish botanist. Studied at Uppsala, 1857-65 (DrPhil 1866). High school teacher at a private school in Uppsala, 1865-78. Extraordinary professor of botany, Uppsala, 1878. Professor and curator of the botanical collections at the Stockholm Riksmuseum, 1879-1904; also ‘Professor Bergianus’ and director of the Bergius horticultural school (Bergianska trädgårdsskolan), 1879-1914, and botany teacher at the Institute of Advanced Studies (högskola), Stockholm, 1879-83 [TL2].

WITTSTEIN, Georg Christian, 1810-87, German pharmacist. Studied pharmacy in Hannover. Assistant at the University of Munich, 1835-50; teacher at Ansbach, 1851-3. Proprietor of a private school for chemistry in Munich, 1853-79 [TL2]. M’s translation of his Anleitung zur chemischen Analyse von Pflanzen was published in Melbourne in 1878. Wittsteinia. .

WÖHLER, Friedrich, 1800-82, German chemist. Studied at Marburg and Heidelberg, and then worked with Jöns Jacob Berzelius in Stockholm. Pioneered the modern study of organic chemistry following his synthesis of urea in 1828. Professor of chemistry at Göttingen from 1836 [Debus].

WOOD, Harrie (1831-1917). Miner, public servant. Born Kensington, London, England; arrived Melbourne 1852, to goldfields, alluvial and deep miner, clerk Ballarat Mining Board 1858, district mining registrar 1861, founder of Ballarat School of Mines 1870. New South Wales: Department of Mines 1873, Under Secretary of Mines 1874, reorganised as Department of Mines and Agriculture 1891, retired 1896. Mining agent to 1909. NSW Commissioner for exhibitions: London 1886, Adelaide 1887, Melbourne 1888. Member Royal Society NSW 1873, foundation member New South Wales branch of the Geographical Society of Australasia 1883. [ ADB ] Fagraea woodiana

WOODS, Julian Edmund Tenison, 1832-89, Catholic priest, educationist, scientist. Born in London. Went to VDL in 1855, then Adelaide. At Penola, SA. Travelled in Asia, 1883-5. FRGS, FLS (London and NSW), FRS (NSW, Vic., Tas. and SA). Clarke Medal, 1888 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B61.02.01]. Leucopogon woodsii.

WOODWARD, Bernard Henry, 1832-1921, British palaeontologist. Educated at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Bank officer, Norwich, 1850-7. British Museum, 1858-1901; keeper of geology, 1880-1901. FRS, 1873. President of the Geological Society, London, 1894-6 [WW].

WOOLLS, William, 1814-93, Anglican clergyman, schoolmaster, botanist. Born in England. Went to Sydney in 1832. PhD, Göttingen University, 1871 at M’s suggestion [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Herbarium and Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02]. Alsophila woollsiana, Enchydra woollsii, Eremophila woollsiana, Eucalyptus woollsii, Prasophyllum woollsii, Sloanea woollsii, Woollsia pungens.

WRAGGE, George (1825-1889). Pharmacist, local government politician. Born Alton Hall, Winkworth, Derbyshire, England; apprenticed to Nottingham pharmacist. Arrived Melbourne 1852, ran chemist’s shop in Collins Street 1852-c.1889. Member Melbourne city council 1860, mayor 1864-5; active member of committees, retired from municipal affairs 1874. JP. President Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 1862. [ Illustrated Australian news and musical times , 1 June 1889, p. 19]

WRIGHT, Edward Perceval, 1834-1910, Irish naturalist and ophthalmic surgeon. MA, Dublin, 1857; MD, 1862. FLS, 1859. Lecturer in zoology, Trinity College, Dublin, 1858-68; professor of botany 1869-1904; Keeper of Herbarium, 1870-1910. Collected in the Seychelles, 1867, and in Sicily and Portugal, 1868 [Desmond, TL2].

WRIGHT, William Henry, 1816-77, public servant. Born in England. Went to Sydney in 1838. Joined Vic. civil service and worked in several departments [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [B58.11.02].

WULSTEN, Maria. Born in Germany. Married Brice Frederick Bunny in Melbourne in 1856 [ADB]. Member of Ladies’ Leichhardt Search Committee. Bunnya.

WÜRTTEMBERG [Wuerttemberg], Duke of, 1797-1860. Baptized Paul Friedrich Wilhelm. Visited Australia in 1858 [All.DB]. Macrozamia pauli guilielmi.

WÜRTTEMBERG, King of. See Karl I.

X Y Z

YOUNG, Allen William, 1827-1915, British polar explorer. In merchant navy, 1842-57. Took part in search for Sir John FRANKLIN (vol.2), 1857-9. In China, 1862-4. Spent several years in the Arctic, 1875-82. Knighted, 1877 [DNB].

YOUNG, Henry Edward Fox, 1803-70, colonial administrator. In British Guiana, St Lucia and the Cape Colony before appointed Governor of SA, 1848-55. Knighted in 1847. Governor of Tas., 1855-61 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden [e.g. B58.11.02].

YOUNG, James (fl. 1895). Vic Lands Department nurseryman. Not further identified.

YOUNG, Jess [Jesse], 1851-1909, naturalist and explorer. Born in England. Trained as a naval officer. Went to Australia, 1874. Accompanied Ernest Giles on his fifth expedition, from the overland telegraph line to Perth across the Great Victoria Desert, 1875. In the U.S., 1877-98. Went to WA goldfields, 1898. Mining Registrar, Bangemall, WA, 1898. Acting warden of the Gascoyne goldfield, 1898. At Kanowna, WA, 1900-01. West Australian , 9 October 1909, p. 3; FRGS, FRAS [Hall (1978), Young (1978)]. Plant contributor to the Melbourne Herbarium. Eucalyptus youngiana.

YOUNG, John, 1807-76, British politician and colonial administrator. Born in India. MP, 1831-55. Secretary of the Treasury, 1844-6; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1852-5. GCMG, 1855; KCB, 1859. Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, 1855-9. Governor of NSW, 1861-7. Governor-General of Canada, 1869-72. Created 1st Baron Lisgar in 1870 [ADB]. Plant/seed donor to the Melbourne Botanic Garden. Helicia youngiana.

YOUNG, Richard William (1831-1886). Anglican clergyman. Born Chester-le-Street, Durham, England; arrived Sydney 1856. Ordained Sydney: deacon 1857, priest 1862. Served several NSW parishes, finally St Paul’s Burwood 1872-86. Acting chaplain, Sydney Gaol 1866-c.1868. Died at sea. Acquaintance of William Woolls. [ http://anglicanhistory.org/aus / cci/index.pdf ; Daily t e legraph (Sydney), 11 February 1887, p. 4]

ZEIL, Carl von Waldburg-. See Waldburg-Zeil, Carl von.

ZEYHER, Carl Ludwig Philipp, 1799-1858, German plant collector. Born in Hessen. Collected in Mauritius with Franz SIEBER, 1822; in South Africa, 1822-3, 1825-8, 1829-38 (with Christian ECKLON, vol. 2), 1842-3 (with J. Burke). In London and Hamburg, 1843-7. Botanist at the Cape of Good Hope Botanic Garden, 1849-51 [Gunn & Codd (1981), TL2]. Specimens are in the Melbourne Herbarium (via herbarium of STEETZ).

The correspondence of

Ferdinand von Mueller

Physical location:

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