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95.03.00dPreferred Citation:
Arthur Minks to Ferdinand von Mueller, 1895-03 [95.03.00d]. R.W. Home, Thomas A. Darragh, A.M. Lucas, Sara Maroske, D.M. Sinkora, J.H. Voigt and Monika Wells (eds), Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller, <https://vmcp.rbg.vic.gov.au/id/95-03-00d>, accessed September 11, 2025
1
Letter not found. For the extract from Minks's letter given here, see
Australische Zeitung
, 15 May 1895, p. 5, where it is introduced by a letter from M to the Editor, 1 May 1895 (B95.05.07). Minks's letter is dated to March 1895 as the latest possible date it
could have been sent in order to reach M by 1 May.
It concerns the discovery of a new symbiosis in the lichen kingdom that extends over
many square miles and, in addition, information on the corresponding plant growth,
therefore on life on a considerable part of the earth’s surface. In order to give
you briefly an insight into this new phenomenon, I will let the following account
serve, referring you to the work itself for a more complete explanation.
In reference to the rock-living lichens, the opinion was that they all without exception
could flourish on the virgin substrate, an error. Only a limited number of widespread
and common species are capable of doing this. The others are dependent on preparations
and support on the part of the former. In the new symbiosis this goes so far that
such dependent lichens begin in the middle of other living thalli, these latter accordingly
exploit their advancer and thereby make them disappear to get in contact finally themselves
with the inorganic substrate and pretend to be originally independent lichens. As
in this connection the laws of harmony are observed and these occurrences take place
in the densest crowding of lichen life, only a penetrating and well-trained eye is
able to recognise them. The fact that having reached the edge of the host crusts they
can no longer develop on the bare substrate serves as proof of the great dependency
of such lichens. Their previous development exists in all independence, like every
higher lichen. Therefore parasitism is not found in that initial dependency, indeed
not even a nursing relationship.
2
Minks appears to be summarizing his forthcoming work published early in the following
year, i.e. Minks (1896).