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61.01.10Preferred Citation:
Ferdinand von Mueller to Richard Heales, 1861-01-10. R.W. Home, Thomas A. Darragh, A.M. Lucas, Sara Maroske, D.M. Sinkora, J.H. Voigt and Monika Wells (eds), Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller, <https://vmcp.rbg.vic.gov.au/id/61-01-10>, accessed November 14, 2024
1
Letter not found. For the text given here, see B61.02.01.
Melbourne Botanic and Zoological Garden,
10th January, 1861.
SIR,
I have the honor of transmitting to you my Annual Report on the labors and proceedings
in this establishment during the year 1860.
I.— HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
The reciprocal interchanges with kindred establishments have been maintained and extended.
Contributions of plants, or more particularly of seeds, have been received from the
Royal Gardens of Kew, from the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, Algeria, Amsterdam, Berlin,
Boston, Bremen, Breslau, Brisbane, Capetown, Christiania, Copenhagen, Darmstadt, Edinburgh,
Geelong, Giessen, Hamburg, Hobarton, Launceston, Madras, Mauritius, Montpellier, Munich,
Paris, Petersburg, Portland, Strasburg, St. Jago,
Subaorumpoor (India),
and Vienna.
2
Santiago, Chile.
3
Saharanpur?
For effecting the interchanges with the continental gardens we are indebted chiefly
to Dr. W. Sonder of Hamburg.
To a still larger number of botanic gardens abroad collections of seeds have been
forwarded on reciprocal arrangement, whilst also extensive supplies were provided
to the inland public institutions and to contributors towards this garden. The packages of seeds, irrespective
of the vast quantity required for our own borders and nurseries, distributed during
the year, amounted to 51,920. Further, 31,455 plants, comprising many thousand seedlings of
pines, young elms, poplars, white cedars, Gleditschias, weeping willows, and other
useful or ornamental trees, and 36, 474 cuttings, were supplied from these gardens,
mainly to the public reserves and gardens of Victoria, whilst twenty-two Wardian cases,
filled with plants, were shipped to gardens beyond the colony.
The distribution of plants from our open nurseries is chiefly confined to the month
of May, in order to avail ourselves of the ground for early restocking our nurseries
for next year's supply. The nursery branch of the establishment can readily be extended,
as the first main labor of forming our garden and planting our reserves will ere long
be completed.
One hundred and ten public institutions have been supplied during the year with flowers
and boughs for decorations, and flowers were further granted on many occasions for
artistic or scientific objects.
It is gratifying to me to express publicly my thanks to the numerous donors, who,
by the transmission of plants or seeds, evinced so friendly an interest in promoting
the labors and enriching the possessions of these gardens. Their names are appended:—
4
Not all persons named in th
is
list
and the zoological list
below have been identified. Those for whom details have been found have entries in
the Biographical Register.
Allan, Huon Island.
5
Henry John Allan.
Allitt, W., Portland.
Alloo, John.
Anstey, George, Adelaide.
Appelius, Carl, Erfurt.
Ball, James.
Bailey, F., Hutt Valley, New Zealand.
Bannier, T.
Barbeau, T.
Bardon, W.H., Mount Korong.
Barker, Mrs., Cape Schanck.
6
Susannah Barker.
Barkly, Sir Henry, Toorak.
Barwood, Mrs. T. E., Richmond.
7
Typesetter's error for J. E. Barwood?
Beilby,
T
. W., Dandenong.
8
Typesetter
'
s error for
J. W. Beilby?
Beissel, Gottlieb.
Bennett, T. H., Calcutta.
Beveridge, Peter, Murray River.
Booth, H.
Bosisto, T., Richmond.
Brandis, G., Enfield.
Brown, T., Como.
Buckley, Capt., New Zealand.
Campbell, D. S., Richmond.
Cane, John F.
Carey, Mrs. Colonel.
Carter, G. D.
Cobham, Mrs., Darling Downs, New South Wales.
Cole, Commissioner, Murray River.
9
Stephen Cole.
Cook, I., Richmond.
Dalhuarty, L. W., Sydney.
Decaisne, Professor, Paris.
Dickson, T.
Douglass, Sam., Williamstown.
Elliott, Alexander, Prahran.
Elliott, G. H.
Elms, G. W.
Essett, H. B.
Evans, Dr., M.L.A.
Ferguson, Capt.,
Williamstown.
10
Charles Ferguson.
Ferguson, Fr., Camden, New South Wales.
Fishcher, W. C., Melbourne.
Francis, George, Adelaide.
Gibbs, J. H.
Gillman.
Gisborne.
Glass, Hugh.
Graham, Ch.
Haast, Jul., Nelson, New Zealand.
Hardy, M., Algiers.
Harington, H. G.
Harrison, Capt., of
Sydney Griffiths.
Heales, Hon. RIchard, M.L.A.
Henderson, E. G., London.
Henty, Hon. J., M.L.C., Melbourne.
Heward, R., London.
Hill, W., Brisbane.
Hyndman, W.
Hood, J., M.L.A.
Hopwood, H., Echuca.
Howitt, A. W.
Howitt, Dr.
Hulke, New Plymouth.
Hull, W. R.
Jack, E.
Jackson, Isaac, Richmond.
Jeffreys, Jos., Richmond.
Joachimi, Gust., Collingwood.
Jones, South Yarra.
Judd.
Katzenstein, Isaac.
Kawerau, Fr., Richmond.
King, John, Gipps Land.
Koehler, R. W.
Lamley, Wm., Richmond.
Lamoile, Mrs., Toorak.
Landells, St. Kilda.
Lang, Th., Ballaarat.
Layard, Capt., St. Kilda.
Lazar, W. Macgill, South Australia.
Learmonth, T. H.
Ligar, Surveyor General.
Liggins, Sam.
11
The nurseryman Daniel Liggins?
Lowe, Capt., ship.
Th. Ann Cole.
McCoy, Professor F.
McCredie, G. C., Hawthorn.
McDermott, Mrs., Richmond.
McKeller, Hamilton.
McKenzie, Port Albert.
McLannachan,
Tunbridge, Tasmania.
12
i.e. James Maclanachan.
McMillan, Th.
Maxwell, George, Albany, Western Australia.
May, R. W., St. Kilda.
Montgomery, James.
Moody.
Morrison, Thomas, Prahran.
Morton, Lockh., South Yarra.
Mueller, Dr. Ferd.
Munro, Dr., Nelson, New Zealand.
Murray, Andrew.
Murray, W., San Francisco.
Newell, H.
Nott, T. A. M., Maldon.
Parker, Mrs. Knell,
Sydney.
13
i.e. Mrs Kneller Parker.
Payne.
Phillips, E.
Phillips, John.
Pinn, David.
Pollard, N. W.
Prebble, T. C.
Pury, Sam. de, Yering.
Quick, E.
Ralph, Geo., St. Kilda.
Ralston, South Yarra.
Ramel, Paris.
Ralston, Sydney.
Ried, Captain, R. N.
Ried, Dav.
Robertson, Andr.
Ross, W., Murray River.
Rule, J., Richmond.
Rutherford, G.
Sherwin, S., Launceston.
Scott, J., Hawthorn.
Seidel, A., Geelong.
Seidel, B., Geelong.
Sharp, A., Richmond.
Sheffield, W.
Shepherd and Co., Sydney.
Skilling, Th.
Smith and Adamson, South Yarra.
Smith, C. B., Castlemaine.
Soues, Emanuel.
Staveniott, George.
Stephen, W.
Stone, Jos., Emerald Hill.
Stuart, Ch., Clifton, New South Wales.
Stubbs, Th.
Tallermann, D.
Thozet, A., Rockampton.
14
Rockhampton, Qld.
Travers, Judge, Nelson, New Zealand.
Turnbull, R., South Yarra.
Turner, John, Natal.
Tyers, Commissioner, Port Albert
Wade, John, Launceston.
Wadsworth, R., South Yarra.
Walker, T.
Weidenbach, Max., Adelaide.
Wilhelmi, C., South Yarra.
Wilkinson, Lieut., Madras.
Williams, Rev. Th.
Wilson, Andr., Dunedin, New Zealand.
Wilson, Edward, London.
Wood, T. F.,
Angaston, South Australia.
15
i.e. J. F. Wood.
Woods, Rev. T. E., Penola.
Woolls, W., Parramatta.
I have further gratefully to record the friendly aid we enjoyed from the Peninsular
and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, and from those of our mercantile firms and
Commanders of our trading fleet, to whom I had occasion to apply for the gratuitous
conveyance of contributions to and from this establishment.
We are also under obligation to the band of the 40th Regiment and the Volunteer band
for their periodical attendance at the gardens.
Most of the old roads and tracks in the reserve have been obliterated during the formation
of new lawns or their restoration. Several thousand plants, rare or new to our establishment,
have been transferred from the nurseries to the open flower-borders, and thus by the
annually augmented variety of plants in our shrubberies increased interest will be
displayed in the floral treasures of our garden. South African and West Australian
shrubs, the majority of which being exceedingly gay and ornamental, are found particularly
desirable in resisting the trying effects of hot winds. But it is sincerely to be
hoped that after this year we shall not be without the boon of a general system of
irrigation, which by the expected approach of the Yan Yean pipes to South Yarra could
be introduced to our ground at comparatively limited expense.
The Chamomile edgings have been very extensively renewed. The New Zealand flax has
been planted to a considerable extent along the Yarra and lagoons, to be available
for copious supplies over all districts of the colony. Probably no fibre-plant is
entitled to greater attention than the Phormium, which, whilst it recommends itself
on account of its remarkable facility of growth, its plentiful yield and ornamental
appearance, furnishes a fibre almost as strong as silk. The plant moreover may be
grown in such swampy or inundated localities as are not suitable for any other culture.
It has been my aim to establish gradually natural hedges in various parts of the garden,
with a view of assisting to ascertain which species are best adapted for permanently
enclosing farms and gardens. The cultivation of various prickly Acacias and Hakeas,
the Osage Orange, Hawthorn, Cape Broom (Genista Canariensis), South African Ceonothus,
Whin, Prickly Pear, having engaged our attention for this purpose. Perhaps also the
White Mulberry might be advantageously used for forming hedges, and without occupying
arable ground would at a later period furnish the material of a new branch of industry
in the rearing of silkworms. A large quantity of young plants, cutting and seeds of
this promising tree, were distributed last season, by which means it may be to any
extent multiplied throughout the country, as it has been remarked that nothing surpasses
the facility with which it may be increased from cuttings.
Many different trees, protected by iron guards or fencing, have been planted in the
northern zoological reserve, not merely to enhance the beauty of the park-like spot,
but also to subject certain species cultivated on the southern ground in decomposed silurian rock to a trial in the basaltic soil of the
northern enclosure.
During this season it has been one of our objects to secure large quantities of seeds
of some of our rapidly-growing trees, for introduction into timberless countries stretching
through climatic zones similar to ours. Supplies were forwarded to Algeria, Port Natal,
United States, and the Feejee Islands. Consignments of such seeds will be also made
early this season, on request, to the Government of Hong Kong and to the British Consulate
of Jerusalem.
Attention has repeatedly been directed to the great resources we possess throughout
many of our littoral mountain districts in our fine Blue Gum Eucalypti. Shipments
of their wood have already taken place to ports of India, otherwise famous for their
timber, where also the value of this tree on account of its dimensions an durability,
both in a dry and wet state, is now fully recognised; and it is deserving of our deep
consideration, whether a much felt want of timber for ship-building in Great Britain
cannot be supplied from this colony.
A renewed display of our resources in timber, for which the forthcoming grand Exhibition
in London will offer an appropriate occasion, cannot be otherwise than beneficial
to the colony.
Many plants of interest and utility have been brought into possession of this establishment
during the past year. Amongst them I may enumerate the Breadfruit tree, received from
the Feejee Islands through the kind aid of Sam. James, Esq., of Levuka, the Madagascar
Lace-plant, brought from the Botanic Garden of Mauritius by Captain Russell, of the
Grecian Queen,
the Canadian Blackberry, introduced by Mr. G. Elliot, several rare pines, &c. Additional
importations are daily expected.
We have been favored with the importation of a large quantity of tea seeds through
the generosity of His Excellency Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor of Hong Kong. Notwithstanding
the enormous discrepancy in the price of labor in the native country of the tea plant
and here, it may be presumed that the trial of the growth will finally prove advantageous
for local supply, particularly to the Chinese population in remote inland districts.
Some additional walks were formed both in the northern and southern ground and lined
with trees, the road material being conveyed from the quarries and gravel pits adjoining
the gardens.
Anxious to afford in due course of time the greatest facility for information on the respective value of trees, either deciduous or evergreen, eligible
for avenues, I selected and established as great a variety in our garden for this
purpose of those likely to prosper in this climate and which were within my reach.
Haleppo Pines, Illawarra Flame trees, Sycamores, Ailantus glandulosa, Powlonias, Blue Gums, Elms, White Cedars, Moreton Bay Figs, Silver Wattles, New Zealand
and Gipps Land Pittosporums (P. undulatum and P. eugenioides), Black Poplars, Poplar Bottle trees (Brachychiton populneum), Laburnum, Grevillea robusta, Sugar Maples, Corynocarpus, Chinese Locust trees, have
already been planted. To these will be added Oriental Planes, Hymenosporum flavum,
the Red Gum tree of Western Australia, Virgilia Capensis, Mulberries, Parkinsonia
aculeata, several species of Ash, Elm, Poplar, Glochidion Australe, Cupania xylocarpa,
North American Locust trees, Spanish Chesnut, Horse-chesnuts, Manna Ash, Walnuts,
Olives, Bottle trees (Delabechea), and other hardy suitable trees, of many of which
a supply is provided in our nurseries. The Oriental Plane, as pointed out by Mr. Edward
Wilson, is probably in this climate one of the most suitable of all deciduous trees
for planting along public promenades.
I can, however, not suppress my opinion that some of the deciduous trees of the cold
temperate zone are, in
exposed localities,
less adapted for our avenues than many of the evergreen trees from isothermal parallels
corresponding with ours, and it appears desirable that whenever deciduous trees are
chosen for long lines of public plantations (unless the lining of streets be excepted)
they should alternate with such as bear evergreen foliage, to avoid the appearance
of unbroken masses of leafless trees during that season when we enjoy the most lovely
verdure in our vegetation. With a view of establishing in future a shady promenade
between the City bridge and the southern division of the garden a double line of Eucalyptus
globulus has been planted; this tree has been chosen not only on account of its unparalleled
rapidity of growth, but also as one of the few capable of resisting the drought to
which that special locality is so strongly exposed. Interplantation of elms is contemplated,
and as the trees gradually advance to strength, their lasting iron enclosures will
again be available to raise successively row after row of varied trees throughout
our reserves.
The rapid decay of the wooden fences has suggested the renewal of all our enclosures
by iron railings, a change which, greatly improving the appearance of our ground,
has during the past year already been partially effected. Whilst carrying this measure
out we were enabled to extend considerably the nursery ground, from whence annual
supplies, increased with the augmented requirements of our public institutions, will
be rendered available. It afforded also the opportunity of temporarily enclosing,
under the sanction of the Honorable Board of Land and Works, about three acres of
the domain at the south-western part of the garden. This piece of ground, situated
in the immediate vicinity of the office building, and thus, under more direct constant
supervision than the other parts of the garden, is now devoted to the establishment
of a special experimental garden, which in the less protected parts of our ground
it would have been vain to initiate.
A variety of carefully named fruit trees, for the greater part a donation of Messrs.
Seidel, of Ceres nursery, of dye, medicinal, and fibre plants, vines, grasses, forage plants,
&c., will here be subjected to experiments, and may afford to the visitors, another source of information. Any fruit
in future hereby obtained may be transmitted to our hospitals and benevolent institutions.
In laying out this ground it has been my object, by interspersing the plants of utility
with evergreen ornamental shrubs and trees, to retain the landscape beauty of the
spot unimpaired.
Some additional portions of the ground have been brought under cultivation. A line
of basalt boulders has been placed along the abrupt edge of the northern lagoon; the
island in the latter has been raised beyond the height of ordinary Yarra floods and
planted for shelter of breeding waterfowl; the depressions in the ground of the northern
reserve have been filled up. The number of seats become augmented. Unimpeded access
to the Yarra footbridge also at night time will be given in future by a lateral footpath
leading from the bridge to the public road at the eastern side of the gardens.
Additional painted iron tallies have been attached to such an extent to the plants
throughout the ground as to augment their number considerably beyond two thousand;
also part of the old ones being replaced.
In the class-ground, where the principal hardy representatives of the various natural
orders of plants are concentrated in systematic order, information on most of the
species established in the garden may be gathered at an easy glance. Reviewing, for
instance, those Coniferae assembled there, it will be at once perceived which species of pines are deserving
our particular attention when placed in comparatively barren and exposed positions.
The quick development and healthy appearance of the Cupressus macrocarpa, torulosa, Uhdeana, of the Cedar of Goa, the Deodor Cedar, the Araucarias from Moreton Bay, Norfolk
Island and New Caledonia, of the Wide Bay Kaurie, which endures the vicissitudes of
our climate evidently better than its New Zealand congener, the Japanese Cryptomeria,
which ripens its seed-vessels here already in the fifth year of its growth, of the
New Zealand Totara, of Podocarpas
elata, of the Cluster Pine, Haleppo Pine, Corsican Pine, of Juniperus Bermudiana,
of the native Callitris, of the East Australian Octoclinis, of Taxodium and Sequoia, and above all, of the Cupressus Goveniana, will on inspection persuade the visitor of the desirability
of having these useful and noble pines planted copiously throughout the country.
16
Podocarpus
?
Of the Sassafras Bark, which might be so extensively gathered in many of our fern-tree
gullies, specimens have been forwarded to Baron Liebig
and Dr. Wittstein,
who have readily consented to subject this valuable drug to a chemical analysis, whereby it is hoped that its powerful tonic
properties will be more universally recognised and a remunerative article of export
be added to our native resources.
17
Liebig had been approached in 1859; see M to J. von Liebig, 17 June 1859. Neither further correspondence between that date and the date of this report nor
a published analysis by Liebig has been found.
18
Wittstein described the extraction and chemical properties of the alkaloid Atherospermin
from the bark: see M's translation in Wittstein (1878), i.e. B78.06.09, pp. 20-1.
It may not be improper to state on this occasion that the principles to which I have
adhered in my administration of this establishment are to conduct my operations so
that the instrinsic property of the gardens and its institutions may increase in proportion
to the outlay and support granted by the Government and Legislature, and that the
sum invested may yield an ample return in the supplies provided by us, irrespective
of our endeavor to render the establishment a source of recreation and information
to the multitude of our fellow-colonists.
The number of visitors counted on Sundays as entering the gardens at the main gates
has been during 1860, in the southern ground, 125,059; in the northern ground, 79,010.
II. — ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
In this division of our establishment a steady progress has taken place during the
year, and whilst most of the animals, when recovered from the effects of transit,
have enjoyed at all seasons perfect health, it has also been satisfactory to notice
their increase and therewith the augmented value of our property. Thus thirteen llamas,
five angoras, five fallow deer, and one Sumatra deer, were born during the past year.
The llamas, which when we received them, less than two years ago, numbered nineteen,
are now advanced to thirty-seven. This number will, with the early commencing lambing
season, likely be augmented to fifty, and moreover, the future offspring will show
the desired improvement of breed effected by the supply of a pure male alpaca for the llama flock. Two other highly valuable alpacas, most generously granted by the
Government of New South Wales, have been placed with our flock. A proposition of Charles
Ledger, Esq., to secure, whilst revisiting South America, vicunas and pure female
alpacas for this establishment, has received the recommendation of the committee and
the favorable consideration of the Government. Samples of angora, llama, and alpaca
wool, obtained from the animals of this garden, were forwarded for examination to
Mr. Beazley, of London.
Out of the sum of £500, sanctioned by Parliament for the introduction of useful animals,
£350 have been devoted by the committee for obtaining Cashmere goats and Chinese sheep.
Messrs. Grice, Sumner and Co. have kindly consented to secure the importation of the
former, and W. Lyall, Esq., M.L.A., to arrange for the introduction of the Chinese
sheep. Intimation has been received from the Honorable R. Rawson, Colonial Secretary
at Capetown, that an officer of the Government at Natal has been entrusted with the
selection of the South African game, which the committee is anxious to acclimatize in this country. For the
transmission of these quadrupeds a remittance has been made. An ostrich, shipped for
us from Capetown by Mr. Layard, died on the voyage. An application has been submitted
to the Government of the United States to aid in the introduction of the North American
beaver, judiciously pointed out as desirable by Dr. Embling.
Gold pheasants, curassows, ortolans, and many varieties of waterfowl kindly selected
for this garden by Edward Wilson, Esq., are on their way to this establishment;
and, according to a notification from the burgomaster of Cologne, the administrators
of the zoological garden of that city have arranged to furnish in reciprocation for
some black swans and for some contributions yet to be forwarded, select varieties
of fowls, doves, water birds, and some hares and remarkable kind of rabbits.
19
There is a footnote to the text at this point reading 'This valuable consignment arrived by the ship
Prince of Wales, under the careful superintendence of F. Lacy, Esq., whilst these pages passed the
press'.
A brick reservoir, supplied with river water by a small mill, has been constructed
for the temporary reception of such foreign fish as may from time to time be introduced
into the colony. At present it contains only eighteen tenches, a few dace and minnows,
forwarded by Mr. Wilson. By the
Lincolnshire, which brought these fish, three species of Yarra fish were returned to the Zoological
Society of London; and as the owners of this ship have permitted the erection of a
permanent tank for further transmission, we will be able to forward the cod and other
superior Murray fish at a future occasion.
Two attempts to introduce the guaramier from Mauritius to Victorian ponds, a plan
initiated also through Mr. Wilson, have failed, either in consequence of an insufficient
supply of good water, or on account of the coldness of the temperature through which
during the winter season these fish had to pass on their way. It is, however, probable
that the renewed attempt of Captain Russell, who, as well as the authorities at Mauritius,
deserves the highest praise for the ready response to our request in aiding this enterprise,
will be attending with success, improvements in the means of transmission having suggested
themselves, and the season now being favorable for the purpose.
Whether we appreciate the vast practical benefit which would accrue to this country
by transferring the salmon to Victoria, or dwell on the likelihood of our alpine streams
being well suited for their propagation, it is evident that one of the most important
labors next devolving on the Zoological Committee will consist in reiterating the
trial of bringing salmon ova to this part of the globe.
Resting on valuable experience gained by Mr. Alexander Black, the conductor of the
first experiment instituted by Messrs. Wilson and Youl, under the aid of many other
gentlemen in London, it is almost certain that in a favorable voyage the salmon eggs, irrigated on artificial gravel-beds, may
safely reach our shores, provided that a sufficiency of ice is available throughout
the voyage for maintaining a constant supply of fresh, cold and pure water. Special
support having been sought for this purpose by the Zoological Committee from the Government, it will probably be possible to institute the next arrangements
for salmon introduction during the northern winter, 1861-1862.
Considerable losses were sustained amongst the singing-birds which successively during
the year were transmitted as donations from Mr. Edward Wilson. The greater number
suffered much on the voyage, and many were, in the half-featherless state in which
they arrived, not even able to endure in the most sheltered part of our aviary our
winter temperature, and had to be placed in the palm-house until their plumage was
restored. These birds having been sent principally with a view to endeavor that their
naturalization might be effected, seventeen pairs of thrushes, eight pairs of blackbirds,
three pairs of starlings, and twelve pairs of skylarks were liberated, some in our
gardens, others near the Yarra Bend Asylum, on Phillip Island, Sandstone Island, and
Churchill Island; and it is gratifying to record that at the Botanic Garden the liberated
larks, thrushes and starlings reared successively their broods. The same results have
probably attended the experiment with the blackbirds, of which, however, we have no
positive proof, and in all likelihood also the birds set free in the other above-mentioned
and seemingly very secure spots may have increased.
Under these circumstances it will decidedly be preferable to give on all occasions
at once freedom to such birds as are intended for multiplication, and not required
as singing birds for aviaries. For although our large densely planted aviary was on
purpose sparingly stocked with birds, and many pairs were removed to two other buildings
fitted up during the breeding season for their reception, it appeared that the mutual
hostility of the thrushes and blackbirds frustrated the final success of rearing their
young in confinement.
Ten pairs of blackbirds, three pairs of starlings, ten pairs of thrushes, two pairs
of linnets, seven pairs of larks, two pairs of goldfinches, were distributed to gentlemen
who had constructed aviaries sufficiently spacious and secure to render the prospect
of the increase of these birds rather hopeful. But I am as yet not in possession of
any reports on their experiments. Several pheasants were also provided for breeding
purposes to private establishments.
Some of the English pheasants, presented by the Duke of Newcastle, Lord Caernarvon,
and Mr. F. Buxton, were liberated by Mr. Rogers at Sandstone and Churchill Island,
where some of them, after the lapse of many months, were still seen, and others were set free by Mr. McHaffie, on Phillip Island.
From two pairs of English pheasants retained at the garden, and one pair of silver
pheasants, we obtained hitherto this season about forty young birds, and a considerable number of eggs are still under incubation. It will,
therefore, be within our means to add these birds to the feathered tribes of our ranges,
where climate, comparative security, and abundant food, seem to augur well for their
naturalization.
No special vote for stabling and fencing being available in 1860, only some light
enclosures could be made for separating kangaroos, waterfowls, swans, &c., at the
northern lagoon. But notwithstanding rafts, or small floating islands, shaded with
reedy plants were provided for the British swans, they abandoned their nesting places
at the last stage of incubation.
One of the most interesting additions to our menagerie has been that of a pair of
young watermoles (Ornithorrhynchus paradoxus), contributed by Jas. W. Wood, Esq.,
of Fitz Roy.
As these remarkable creatures are freely partaking of artificial food, it appears
by no means unlikely that a contemplated attempt to send a few pairs of them to home
establishments, and even a trial to naturalize them in South European waters, would
be attended with success, could young animals be secured for the purpose.
20
i.e. Fitzroy, Melbourne.
The first steps of a general system of interchange with the British and foreign zoological
gardens have been made in the transmission to Regent's Park of two dingoes, several
eagles, black swans, waterhens, three kinds of Yarra fish, laughing-jackasses, native
ducks and magpies. Black swans have also been forwarded to the Zoologic Garden of
Cologne, to the gardens of Copenhagen, Buitenzorg in Java, and Calcutta. Three native
bears were furnished to the Botanic Garden of Adelaide, and one pair of angoras to
the Government of New South Wales. Some glowworms were transferred to the University
garden.
The transmission of a pair of wombats, particularly desired by the President of the
Société d'Acclimatation of France, M. de St. Hilaire, will early be arranged. It is
further under contemplation to endeavor realizing the transfer of the lyre-bird to
South Europe; for the success of which experiment, the fact of our having been able
to keep a young and easily tamed bird, which, however, somewhat sickly arrived, alive
for many weeks, holds out some hope. More difficulty may be found in accustoming the
native bear, when young, to any other food than Eucalyptus leaves, and to bring thereby
the transmission of this singular animal to Europe within the reach of possibility.
It is but right to bear on this occasion public testimony to the unparalleled zeal,
patriotic generosity, and prudent care, which have characterized the multifarious
efforts of Mr. Edward Wilson, during more than two years, to transfer some of the
northern zoological treasures to Victoria.
Whether his selections pointed to animals that will afford new material for our industry,
such as the alpaca, or to those that will afford food to the multitude, such as the
salmon, or to those that will render the country adopted as our home yet more homely
and delightful, such as the feathered songsters now naturalized, all these have equally
engaged his praiseworthy attention.
The advantages which at the early return of this gentleman to these shores must accrue
from his counsels will be incalculable, particularly when the extensive experience
gained by our friend in frequenting the modern zoological institutions at home will
be brought to bear on the proposed extension or perhaps departmental separation of
our Zoological Garden.
If the choice of animals, kept on public expense, is rigorously restricted to useful
species or such as involve no great outlay for sustenance and attendance, we have
reason to anticipate that even a much enlarged establishment can be maintained at
comparatively small expense, and is likely to produce always proportionate advantages.
Most encouraging it must be to us in our design of adding to the animal riches of
the colony from abroad, if we reflect, how singularly favorable the varied physical
conditions of the country are for such a purpose. Whilst in the Alps the northern
species of deer would browse on many plants similar to those they enjoy in North Europe,
our unoccupied desert tracts would afford appropriate retreats to some of the South
African game, whereas probably under the singularly mild climate in the forests of
the eastern portion of our territory many tropical animals would prosper.
The zoological collection contains at present the following animals:— Llamas, Angora
goats, fat-tail sheep, elk, fallow deer, Sumatra deer, Ceylon deer, four species of
monkeys, kangaroos, wallabys, two species of kangaroo-rats, English squirrels, two
species of flying squirrels, two species of Australian opossum, Indian screwtail,
native bears, Indian and Australian porcupines, wombats, watermoles, emus, white and
black swans, Chinese geese, Muscovy ducks, spoonbill ducks, Cape Barren geese, one
Indian pelican, native companion, one Indian heron, curlews, laughing-jackass, magpies,
three species of native owls, three species of native hawks, Australian eagles, Murray
pheasants, silver pheasants, British pheasants, Manilla and two species of Feejee
doves, ring-doves, bronze-winged pigeons, Indian mocking birds, Indian and British
partridges, hedge-sparrows, linnets, canary birds, skylarks, goldfinches, siskins,
blackbirds, thrushes, Java sparrows, Australian and Californian quail, one iguana.
Contributions towards the menagerie from the following donors I have great pleasure
to acknowledge:—
Allitt, W., Portland.
Arnott, South Yarra.
Austin, Th., Barwon Park.
Baitman and Robin, Riddle Creek.
Barker, Fr., Prahran.
Barwood, mrs., Richmond.
Bayley, Belfast.
Bear, Melbourne.
Brown, Andr., Melbourne.
Cameron, Hugh, Prahran.
Clutton, W. H., Warrnambool.
Crouch, J. F., Mount Gambier.
Dexter, Mrs.
Dove and Oswald, Melbourne.
Elwell.
English, Melbourne.
Evans, South yarra.
Forster, Wm. M.
Francis, G., Adelaide.
Gallogby, G. D.
Gerard, E. von, Melbourne.
Gessner, F. D., Dandenong.
Gipps, T. M.
Gladsman, E. W.
21
Error for E. W. Gladman?
Govett, G.
Hedley, Dr., Port Albert.
Hudson, J., Campbell Creek.
Hughes, T., Manchester.
Johnson, W.
Landells, St. Kilda.
Lessing, Capt., of brig
Lessing.
Levitt, J., St. Kilda.
Lyall, Wm., M.L.A.
McCoy, Professor, University, Melbourne.
McGowan, Sam.
McHaffie, Phillip Island.
McMillan, A., Avon River.
Mallett, Dav., South Yarra.
Michie, Archb., M.L.A.
Milne, W.
Mount, C. A.
Pearce, Will.
Perkins, G.
Powell, Prahran.
Rogers, T.,
Sandstone Island.
22
John Rogers?
Rostron, L., Brighton.
Shaud, C., Ceylon.
Spain, H. W.
Stanway, John, Snapper Point.
Sumner, T. J.
Thistlethwaite, Will.
Wilkinson, D., C.E., Prahran.
Whelston, Edw., Richmond.
Wilson, Edw., London.
III. — BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.
The first wing of a building destined for a Botanical Museum was completed in the
early part of the past year, but became only within the last months sufficiently dry
to serve as a receptacle for our daily augmenting collections of dried plants, woods,
carpological specimens and technical vegetable productions now transferred thither.
By consent of the Honorable J. G. Francis, Esq., repositories have been furnished
capable of holding 160,000 botanical specimens, and these have for the greater part
already been filled with the fascicles of the herbarium. A few months will yet elapse
before these extensive and carefully examined collections can be placed in such a
perfect order as to be readily and advantageously inspected and consulted. The herbarium
received during the year a large accession by the collections formed by Dr. Beckler
in the mountain tracts of Eastern Australia between the rivers Hastings and Clarence;
further by collections secured in New England by Mr. C. Stuart, by Mr. Eug. Fitzalan at Moreton Bay, by Mr.
F. W. Shepherd and T. Ralston at Illawarra, and by Mr. A. Thozet at Rockhampton. These
contributions, emanating from localities previously in a botanical view but partially
explored, have yielded much valuable information on Australian botany in general,
and afforded additional means of elaborating the Flora of Victoria in a critical comparison
with the vegetation of the other Australian colonies.
W. Woolls, Esq., of Parramatta, furnished most useful collections of plants from his
district, enhanced by valuable notes; Miss Atkinson from the Blue Mountains, T. Wilcox,
Esq., from the Clarence River, Mr. George Maxwell from South Western Australia. Contributions
towards the herbarium, besides the above, were obtained from the following donors:-
Allitt, W., Portland.
Archer, Hon. W., Hobarton
Ayres, Dr., Mauritius.
Bowman, Edwd., Upper Darling River.
Cairns, T., Feejee Islands.
23
i.e. J. Cairns, Fiji?
Eaton, M., Boston, U.S.
Gray, Prof. A., Boston, U.S.
Haast, Jul., Nelson, New Zealand.
Hance, Dr., Hong Kong.
Hannaford, S., Geelong.
Head, H. A., Canterbury, New Zealand.
Heward, R., Kensington.
Hirschi and Lenné, Castlemaine.
Hooker, Dr. J., Kew.
Jaeckel, W., Melbourne.
Krichauff, Fr., Macclesfield, South Australia.
Ligar, C., Melbourne.
Meod, L. B.,
Illinois.
24
S. B. Mead?
Oldfield, A., Brown's River, V.D.L.
Parker, Mrs. R., Sydney.
Rogers, S., Sandstone Island.
Smith, C. B., Castlemaine.
Sartwell, Dr. H. P., Boston.
Tozer, Hor., Port Macquarie.
Travers, Judge, Nelson, New Zealand.
Warburton, Major, Adelaide.
Waterhouse, F., Adelaide.
Woods, Rev. J. E., Penola, South Australia.
The plants gathered by Mr. Fitzalan during Lieut. Smith's expedition to the estuary
of the Burdekin, and contained also in our collections, have been made the subject
of a special memoir. The botanical collections gathered by Mr. J. M. Stuart, in his
last gloriously successful journey to Central Australia and across the continent,
were submitted for examination by James Chambers, Esq., of Adelaide. The trustees
of the Sydney Museum have, on recommendation of His Excellency Sir William Denison,
kindly consented to place at my disposal for examination the botanical treasures gathered
by the lamented Dr. Leichhardt in his exploring expeditions. Mr. F. Waterhouse is,
under the auspices of the South Australian Government, engaged in carrying out phytological
researches in Kangaroo Island, more particularly with a view of furnishing additional
material for a botanical statistic of Australia from a spot phytogeographically so
interesting.
The number of duplicate dried plants distributed from our herbarium for the purpose
of enriching it by interchange has been 8354, the number received being 8556, exclusive of those gathered during professional journeys
or obtained through collectors temporarily engaged.
The "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae," partly elaborated in elucidation of rare Australian plants, contained
either in our garden or in our museum, and partly as the precursors of an universal
Australian Flora, have advanced to fourteen fascicles.
In publishing this work, I had gratifying opportunities of recording at once any botanical
discovery of interest, and of acknowledging scientifically the labors of those who
have aided in the investigation of the native plants. The thirteenth fascicle contains
a systematic essay of the extratropical Eucalypti,
completing a preliminary monograph of this genus; the tropical species having been
the subject of a paper published in the proceedings of the Linnean Society.
25
See list of Mueller's publications in this edition.
26
B60.08.01.
27
B58.11.01.
Of the more popular work, "The Plants indigenous to the Colony of Victoria,"
the greatest part of the first volume is printed, which is at once to be completed
when the necessary information, to be sought yet in a new alpine journey during February,
and in an autumnal excursion to the Genoa River, shall have been obtained. The illustrations
of the Victoria Flora, furnished under my direction by Messrs. Becker
and Schoenfeld, have been nearly completed for the three first volumes; thus whenever
the main material for the letterpress will have fully accumulated, the rapid issue
of the work may be expected.
28
B62.02.01.
29
Ludwig B
ecker.
With a view of extending, previous to the issue of the work on our native plants,
the botanical investigations over all the principal parts of Victoria, Mr. Dallachy,
the curator of these gardens, was desired to collect during this spring the plants peculiar to the vicinity of the Lower Wimmera and Lake Hindmarsh, horses being
provided for his use throughout the journey by the kindness of Hugh Glass, Esq., of
Dunkeld, and Alex. Wilson, Esq., of Horsham. Besides a few new plants, several formerly
only known from the Tatiara country, Encounter Bay or Kangaroo Island,
were obtained in his journey, and by his zeal a good addition was made to our herbarium.
30
All SA.
During the month of September I was engaged in elucidating the vegetation along the
south-eastern frontiers of the colony, crossing the country from Twofold Bay to the
Genoa, along which river I travelled to the coast, deviating to Cape Howe and to the
adjoining freshwater lake, and ascended again the Genoa River to near its sources,
examining the adjacent elevated country and the Nungatta mountains on my way, where I was rewarded with the discovery of a new Warratah (Telopea oreades), which
luxuriates at an elevation of 4000 feet, and where also a very remarkable and beautiful
tree, hitherto scientifically unknown (Elaeocarpus holopetalus), was added to our
collection.
My anticipations of yet pointing out the existence of many New South Wales plants
within the territory of this colony was fully realized, about fifty well marked phanerogamous
species and many cryptogamae being added by this journey to the material for my work. It was further enriched by
copious notes on the distribution of species, and in some instances on their probable
economical value.
In acknowledgment of the aid experienced during this journey by J. Patr. Murray, Esq.,
the Police Magistrate of Eden, I attached the name of this gentleman to a Panax of
palm-like habit,
found near Twofold Bay, resembling, with its branchless slender stems 60-80 feet long,
and its short terminal ramifications and small crown of leaves, almost a Cocos palm,
and forming one of the most graceful trees of Australia, probably destined to introduce
a new magnificent feature into the landscape of our gardens.
31
Panax murrayi
, B60.11.03, p. 106.
The occurrence of many tropical plants in the most south-east portion of the colony
testifies to the mildness of its climate, to which I had occasion to refer already
in my report issued in 1854. Large Fig trees (Ficus aspera), Stephania hernandifolia,
Omalanthus populifolius, Cupania xylocarpa, Rubus acerifolius, Sponia velutina, Asplenium
Nidus, and Adiantum hispidulum, were either noticed within or near the boundaries
of the colony south of the 37th parallel; whilst in Disemma coccinea and Eupomatia
laurina we observe unexpectedly within Victoria, extending to an equally far southern
latitude, the types of the otherwise almost exclusively tropical families of Anonaceae and Passifloreae. That the Eupomatia in these localities attains a height of 40 feet
may be regarded as a mark of the vigor of the vegetation; fronds of Asplenium Nidus
were seen in an equal degree of luxuriance, exceeding the length of 6 feet. The spurious
Australian Apple tree (Angophora intermedia), the Bloodwood tree (Eucalyptus corymbosa),
the Woollybutt (Eucalyptus Woollsiana), and species of Dendrobium (Dendrobium speciosum and Dendrobium Milliganii) exist in Victoria also only in these
most distant regions, as the scattered outposts of main masses of plants of Eastern
Australia. A list of all the plants discovered in the colony during the year 1860
is appended to this document.
This list contains also for the first time an enumeration of some of the Victorian
Fungi. On the examination of these the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.R.S., has brought to bear his unparalleled knowledge of this order
of plants.
32
For this list see B61.02.01.
The latter part of the month of December was devoted to a journey into the south-western
parts of the Australian Alps, principally for the purpose of extending the botanical
survey into these regions. Since previously no travellers had penetrated to this part
of the country, it may perhaps not be deemed unimportant to furnish a succinct account
of my journey. Having brought my equipment to Good Hope Creek,
I was induced to relinquish the further use of horses in a country promising in the
progress of my journey but little or nothing for their sustenance, and seeing ranges
before me, so broken and scrubby that, without tracks being cut, even a pedestrian
often cannot force his way onward. After a consultation with Mr. Gladman,
to whom the credit is due of having, during his difficult prospecting journeys, first
of all mapped a considerable portion of the country between the Baw Baw mountains
and the La Trobe River and its tributaries, I started on the 23rd December from Good
Hope Creek, accompanied by Messrs. John Russell, John Hamilton, William Randell, Robert
Morrison, and Louis Quaas, traversed the ranges adjacent to the rivers Tyers and Tangil
on a generally northerly and finally north-easterly course, and crossed and recrossed
the above-named northern main tributaries of the La Trobe River, the former rising
in the valleys immediately north of the Baw Baw mountains, skirting their eastern
extremity and flowing through a deep gorge which separates the Baw Baw ranges from
Mount Useful, whilst the Tangil takes its origin on the southern slopes of these mountains
in alpine elevations. In our progress over the ranges, which are chiefly timbered
with Stringybark trees and a species of White Gum tree, we encountered much impediment
by the density of the scrub, the tough-branched Corraea ferrunginea being particularly obstructive to our march, until in gradual advance
to the higher regions the underwood of the lower mountains recedes before the cooler
temperature, it being universally observed in our Alps, that at elevations above 4000
feet the dense scrubs chiefly on the sea-side slopes of our ranges either vanish or
greatly diminish.
33
Near Mt Tanjil, Gippsland; see Hasthorpe & Rogers (1987), p. 17.
34
E. W. Gladman.
35
i.e. Tanjil.
After having descended into the main valley of the Upper Tangil, a beautiful mountain torrent, which rolls its waters
with impetuosity over the granite boulders of its bed, a total change in the physiognomy
of the vegetation was observed; whilst ascending the main range of Mount Baw Baw,
the Stringybark trees were found replaced by delightful Beech forests, which surround
the main mountains on all sides, and are interspersed with Highland White Gum trees
(Eucalyptus coriacea) and Cider trees (Eucalyptus Gunnii), under the shade of which
certain ferns (Aspidium proliferum and Lomaria procera) predominate. Nothing can surpass the contrast in the landscape when we energe from the dreary scrub to the
shady forests of these evergreen Beeches (Fagus Cunninghami) which in a dwarfish form
ascend even to the alpine summits of this range.
We established our camp on the summit of the eastern highest mountain of the Baw Baw
range on the 25th December, and whilst reconnoitering the country around during the
subsequent days, found this alpine range to extend about nine miles westerly, rising
to three principal summits, which conveniently might be distinguished as East, Middle,
and West Mount Baw Baw. The general direction of the range is from E.S.E. to W.N.W.
Granite was the rock everywhere observable. Wild cattle, to be found in many parts
of the Alps, have as yet not found their way into these valleys. Some of the most
colossal granite rocks seen in any of my Australian journeys occur on the north side
of Mount Baw Baw. An alpine promontory on the southern side of Middle Mount Baw Baw
commands an excellent view over the water system of the La Trobe River. Deep ravines
in which the Tyers rises, and which are intersected by Beech ridges, separate the
Baw Baw mountain from an almost semicircular range northward, on which, by sanction
of His Excellency the Governor, the illustrious names of their Royal Highnesses the
Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales have been bestowed.
Both rise to the height of 4500-5000 feet, with but slight depressions; and by the latter, Mount Useful and the Barkly ranges (west of the Upper MacAllister
River
) are brought in conjunction with some of the north-western spurs of the Baw Baw ranges.
Fires having in one of the preceding seasons overrun the Albert ranges, the landscape
bore a remarkable winterly character — the dwarf lifeless Eucalyptus trees appeared
as if defoliated by snow, which however had recently melted under the summer sun,
whilst on the ranges thus deprived of underwood the granite boulders became prominently
conspicuous. From the summits of the Albert ranges the view extends to Mount Buller,
Mount Hotham, Mount La Trobe, and Mount Wellington. Phascolarctos cinereus and Phascolomys
Wombat were noticed at elevations nearly 5000 feet high. In alpine plains, elevated
4000-4500 feet, scrubby with heath-like vegetation and a variety of highland bushes,
and producing occasional patches of grass and sphagnum-moor, the remotest eastern
sources of the Yarra take their rise from valleys between the Albert and Baw Baw ranges,
the streamlet soon strengthened by the limpid brooks which from numerous springs descend
into the Yarra basin. No more delightful localities could be selected for liberating
the red deer and the fallow deer, which would browse here on a vegetation similar
to that of their native countries.
36
No mountain features named Albert or Edward appear on modern maps of this area.
37
Macalister River, Vic.
Having traversed the Baw Baw mountains in their whole length, we descended to the
narrow glen of the Yarra, this river falling in its westerly course over numerous
cascades and rapids not less than 3000 feet in a distance of about ten miles from
its source. At the point where our examination ceased, and which is in proximity of
the remotest spots to which the surveyors advanced, the river varies from ten to fifteen
yards in breadth, and is lined with arborescent Ferns, Musk trees, Sassafras, Bedfordias,
and other trees usually to be found towards the sources of most of our southern rivers
under forests of gigantic Eucalypti.
The descent from Mount Useful was observed to be very gentle towards the lowland of
Gipps Land; Beech forests also cover to some extent its lower declivities. Retracing
our steps on our track cut through the jungle, we reached the place of our departure
again on the 30th December. On my return to Melbourne I visited the Upper Tarwan,
availing myself of a track formed by Mr. Devine's prospecting party; the tall Grevillea
Barklyana was discovered on this last occasion. Amongst the plants gathered on the
alpine heights a new genus of Vaccinieae, dedicated to a meritorious phytochemist (Wittsteinia
vacciniacea), is the most interesting, as we recognize in it for the first time an
Australian representative of the tribe, embracing the Bleaberry, the Billberry and
many similar excellent fruits, which prosper in a kindred climate. Whether the plant
is likely to afford a useful fruit remains yet to be ascertained, inasmuch as after
the recent deliquescence of the snow the spring vegetation was only bursting forth
at the time when we visited the Baw Baw mountains. Plants of the Wittsteinia were
secured for our garden. The restriction of this plant to the south-western part of
the Alps, where it occurs in millions, as also the extensive existence of Libertia
Lawrencii,
Oxalis Magellanica, and the vast prevalence of Fagus, are to be ascribed to the increased
humidity of the climate in this part of the snowy mountains, caused by the copious
fern-tree vegetation of the surrounding country south and westward. To the same cause
the timber, although in a diminutive state, owes its existence on the summit of these
mountains at elevations which in other parts of the Alps are denuded of forest. Yet, although the above-mentioned plants introduce still more strikingly
the feature of the highland vegetation of Tasmania into our Alps, my expectation of seeing amongst many other Tasmanian mountain plants also some of the curious alpine pines of that island reappear
in our highlands, was not verified. Thus it was proved, that whilst very few endemic
species exist in the lowland vegetation of Tasmania, its higher and particularly its
alpine ranges nourish many species perfectly restricted to that island. Decaspora
Clarkei (a dwarf half-shrub, with exquisite edible berries), Leucopogon Maccraei, Orites lancifolia,
Prostanthera cuneata, Podocarpus alpina, Gualtheria
hispida, and especially dwarf scrubs of Tasmania
aromatica were very conspicuous on the Baw Baw ranges, whilst Lycopodium scariosum,
Mitrasacme montana, Oxalis Magellanica, and Uncinia compacta were only on this occasion
ascertained to exist in the Australian mainland.
38
Now the Tarago River.
39
Libertia Lawrencei?
40
Gaultheria
?
41
Tasmannia
?
The rather sudden S.W. termination of the Alps is almost within sixty miles of the
metropolis.
To facilitate perhaps travelling over our snowy mountains, it may be of some importance
to point out, that the whole western system of the Alps can be traversed with packhorses
without any great obstruction along the crest of the leading ranges. The traveller,
then above the deeper valleys of rivers, finds usually supplies of water from springs,
and meets more or less limited or extensive pasture ground for halting places. Thus
the ranges may be traversed without any considerable descents to lowlands from Mount
Baw Baw to the Albert ranges, the Barkly ranges and Mount Useful, again from the Barkly
ranges to the source of the MacAllister river, and thence to Mount Wellington, or
again in an almost continuous line to the Bogong ranges, from whence during the summer
the journey is over mostly grassy country easily accomplished to the Mitta Mitta,
Cabongra
and Livingstone River.
42
Cobungra?
Most of these alpine tracts have been visited by me in former years, and it is my
intention to connect the lines of my highland explorations by a new journey at the
end of this summer, in which, as on many previous tours, I shall enjoy the support
of Angus McMillan, Esq., by whose generosity and counsel, my researches, it is but
right to acknowledge, were always greatly facilitated.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient and humble Servant,
FERD. MUELLER,
Government Botanist and Director of the Botanic and Zoologic Garden.
The Honorable the Chief Secretary.
Acacia
Adiantum hispidulum
Ailantus glandulosa
Angophora intermedia
Anonaceæ
Araucaria
Aspidium proliferum
Asplenium Nidus
Bedfordia
Brachychiton populneum
Callitris
Ceonothus
Cocos
Coniferæ
Corraea ferrunginea
Corynocarpus
Cryptomeria
Cupania xylocarpa
Cupressus Goveniana
Cupressus macrocarpa
Cupressus torulosa
Cupressus Uhdeana
Decaspora Clarkei
Delabechea
Dendrobium Milliganii
Dendrobium speciosum
Disemma coccinea
Elaeocarpus holopetalus
Eucalyptus coriacea
Eucalyptus corymobsa
Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus Gunnii
Eucalyptus Woollsiana
Eupomatia laurina
Fagus Cunninghami
Ficus aspera
Genista Canariensis
Gleditschia
Glochidion Australe
Grevillea Barklyana
Grevillea robusta
Gualtheria hispida
Hakea
Hymenosporum flavum
Juniperus Bermudiana
Laburnum
Leucopogon Maccræi
Libertia Lawrencii
Lomaria procera
Lycopodium scariosum
Mitrasacme Montana
Octoclinis
Omalanthus populifolius
Orites lancifolia
Oxalis Magellanica
Panax
Parkinsonia aculeata
Passifloreae
Phormium
Pittosporum eugenioides
Pittosporum undulatum
Podocarpas elata
Podocarpus alpina
Powlonia
Prostanthera cuneata
Rubus acerifolius
Sequoia
Sponia velutina
Stephania hernandifolia
Taxodium
Telopea oreades
Uncinia compacta
Vaccinieae
Virgilia Capensis
Wittsteinia vacciniacea